牛津英語模塊6Unit4SectionⅡ.ppt

1、,Unit 4Helping people around the world,Section Welcome to the unit & ReadingLanguage Points,1. lackv& n缺乏；缺少；不足 (教材P49)When there is a lack of food，there is hunger. 當(dāng)缺少食物時就會有饑餓產(chǎn)生。,(1)lack nothing什么都不缺 (2)for lack of 因缺乏；因沒有 have no lack of 不缺乏 (3)lacking adj. 缺乏的，不足的 be lacking (in) sth. 缺少某物,He is

2、good at his job but he seems _ confidence. 他工作不錯，但似乎缺乏信心。 Negative influences include lack of moral sense，criminal offences，and over consumption. 消極的影響包括缺乏道德感，刑事犯罪和過度消費等。 Several research institutions were closed down _fund.由于缺乏資金，好幾家研究所被迫關(guān) 門了。 She is lacking in confidence when delivering a speech i

3、n public.在公共場合發(fā)言時，她缺乏信心。,to lack,for lack of,【活用】用lack的適當(dāng)形式或短語完成小片段 It was because we _ the fund that we couldnt finish the research._ fund made us not carry out the experiment._ the experiment data，we had to stop the research. 因為缺少資金我們沒能完成那個研究。缺少資金使我們沒能做實驗。因為缺少實驗數(shù)據(jù)，我們只能停止研究。,lacked/were lacking in,

4、The lack of,For lack of,2. worthyadj.名副其實的；值得的，相稱的；有價值的 (教材P50)With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations，the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.在這些軍隊和其他有價值的組織的幫助下，聯(lián)合國扶助了戰(zhàn)爭和災(zāi)難中的受害者。,(1)worthy在句中可作表語和賓語。常用句式有： be worthy ofn./being done be worthyto be done (2)worthwhile在句中可

5、作表語、定語和賓語補足語。常用句式有： It is worthwhileto do/doing sth. 主語動詞itworthwhiledoing/to do sth. (3)worth在句中只作表語。常用句式有： be worth錢數(shù)/名詞 be (well) worthdoing sth.,The money we raise will be going to use a very worthy cause. 我們籌集的錢將用于非常令人敬重的事業(yè)。 No composer was considered worthy of the name until he had written an

6、opera. 作曲家直到寫出一部歌劇才會被認為是名副其實的。 He is a boy who is worthy _他是一個值得夸獎的男孩。,of being praised/to be praised,Helping the disabled is a worthwhile activity. 幫助殘疾人是一項很有意義的活動。 Its worthwhile _ the trouble to explain some questions fully to new classmates. 給新同學(xué)詳細解釋一些問題，費點事也是值得的。,taking/to take,溫馨提示worthy和worth

7、while可以用副詞 very 修飾； 但worth其程度修飾語為well，不可用very修飾。 【活用】選用上述單詞填空 (1)His behavior is _ of great praise. (2)This suggestion is_ to be considered. (3)The picture is _ $ 500. (4)The clock is hardly_ repairing.,worthy,worthy,worth,worth,3. equalvt.等于；抵得上 adj.相等的；勝任的 n同等/相等的人或物 (教材P50)In addition，the UN help

8、s protect human rights and works to improve international laws，for example， those on child labour and on equal rights for minorities and women. 此外，聯(lián)合國維護人權(quán)，努力改進國際法律，例如關(guān)于那 些童工少數(shù)民族和婦女的平等權(quán)利的斗爭。,(1)A equals B in.A 在方面比得上B (2)be equal ton./doing sth. 等于；與相等；有的能力；勝任 be equal in sth. 在某方面相等 (3)be without eq

9、ual/have no equal 無與倫比 (4)equally adv. 同樣地，平等地 equality n. 平等,She should be as free and equal as whites. 她應(yīng)該和白人一樣自由和平等。 As far as Im concerned，he is not equal to the job. 就我個人而言，他不適合/不能勝任這項工作。 No one _ him in strength. 論力氣，無人能和他相比。 This job could be done equally well by a computer. 這個工作用計算機同樣可以做得很好。

10、 Yao Ming is a basketball player _ in China. 在中國，姚明是個無與倫比的籃球運動員。,equals,without equal,【活用】用equal的相關(guān)用法完成句子 Though he _ them _ height，no one can _ him _ playing basketball. 盡管他和他們的身高相同，但在打籃球方面無人能與他 匹敵。,is equal to,in,equal,in,4. contributevt.&vi.捐獻，捐贈，捐助；貢獻；促成， 導(dǎo)致 (教材P51)They collect approximately 1.3

11、5 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government. 她們每天從每個小組成員那里收取大約1.35元，將這些錢 和政府資助的一部分錢加在一起。,(1)contribute.to. 把貢獻給 contribute to. 導(dǎo)致；是的成因之一； 向投稿；有助于 (2)contribution n. 貢獻；捐款；稿件 make contributions/a contribution to. 對作出貢獻，為捐獻,To prepare for it，I read many books

12、，recited thousands of English words，which did contribute to my answering the questions and ensured me a good performance during the exam.為了準備考試，我讀了很多書，背了成百上千個 單詞，這的確有助于我解決問題并且確保我在考試中取得 好成績。 It was generous of her to _ such a large sum of money _ the Red Cross. 她很慷慨，向紅十字會捐助了那么大一筆錢。,contribute,to,She

13、contributes regularly to a physics journal. 她經(jīng)常向一家物理雜志社投稿。 He _ the overall success of the project. 他對項目的全面成功作出了非常積極的貢獻。,made a very positive contribution to,【活用】用contribute的適當(dāng)形式完成小片段 Many people _ the poor boy，which _ his returning to school.A teacher wrote a story about this and _ a newspaper. 許多人

14、給這個可憐的小男孩捐錢，這使他重新回到了校 園。一位老師寫了一篇關(guān)于此事的故事并把它投到了 報社。,contributed money to,contributed to,contributed it to,5. expandvi.&vt.擴展，發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))；擴大，增強 (教材P51)With luck their group will be able to expand and maybe set up a shop. 運氣好的話，她們的小組還能夠進一步擴大，或許還能 開一個店鋪。 expand into/to 使擴大，變大，將擴展(充)成 expand on/upon 詳述；詳細闡明,We

15、ve expanded the business by opening two more stores.我們增開了兩個商店以擴展業(yè)務(wù)。 The village expanded into/to a town. 這個村子發(fā)展成了一個城鎮(zhèn)。 I will _this problem next time. 我下次再詳細談這個問題。 As children grow older they expand their interests and become more confident. 隨著年齡的增長，孩子們的興趣會變廣泛，人也會變得 更自信。,expand on,易混辨析expand，extend，

16、spread，stretch，enlarge,【活用】選用上述單詞填空 (1)Our land _ as far as the river. (2)Im thinking about _ my business. (3)The exercises are designed to _ your leg muscles. (4)Fire _ rapidly after a chemical truck exploded. (5)We _ our views by reading.,extends,expanding,stretch,spread,enlarge,6. urgentadj.緊迫的；緊

17、急的；非常重要的；急需的 (教材P51)Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts，the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education，starvation，disasters，AIDS and other diseases. 除了戰(zhàn)爭和沖突而產(chǎn)生的緊急問題外，聯(lián)合國還幫助諸如教育資源匱乏、饑餓、災(zāi)難、艾滋等其他疾病的國家。,(1)be in urgent need of 急需 be urgent for sb.(to do) 急切地

18、催促某人 (做) make an urgent request for. 緊急請求 be urgent with sb. for sth. 催促/硬要某人做某事， 急促地向某人了解 It is urgent that.(should) do. 急需,(2)urge vt.驅(qū)策，鼓勵；催促，力勸 urge (sb.)on sth. 鼓勵(某人)做某事； 激勵； 為(某人)加油 urge sb.to do/into doing sth. 敦促/慫恿/強烈要求/力勸某人做某事 urge against sth. 極力反對某事 urge for sth. 極力主張某事 urgethat從句 (that

19、從句用虛擬語氣，謂語部分用should 動詞原形，其中should 可以省略),(3)urgency n. 緊迫之事 What is the most urgent problem of all? 最急迫的問題是什么？ They _the doctor to come. 他們急需醫(yī)生前來。 It is urgent that food and clothing _ the sufferers.急需將食物和衣服送給災(zāi)民。,are urgent for,(should) be sent to,Theyve _international aid. 他們緊急請求國際援助。 Unfortunately，

20、a few months later，customers were in urgent need of money and they must be in dollars. 不巧的是，數(shù)月后，客戶急需這筆錢 ，且必須是美元。 What can we do to urge these lazy workers to work hard? 我們怎樣才能敦促這些懶惰的工人去努力工作呢？ My friends urged that _the job. 朋友們力勸我申請那份工作。,made an urgent request for,I (should) apply for,7. refer to查閱；

21、參考；談到；提到；適用于；涉及 (教材P50)I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to.我很高興今天有機會跟大家談?wù)劼?lián)合 國，聯(lián)合國也叫UN這個名稱更常用。,(1)refer sth.to.把提交給 be referred to 被提交給 refer to.as. 把看成是； 把稱作 be referred to as 被看成是；被稱為 (2)reference n. 參考 reference b

22、ook 參考書 make a reference to 參考,Dont refer to this matter again，please. 請不要再提這件事了。 You can _ your notes when you are speaking. 你發(fā)言時可以看稿子。 The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March. 老戰(zhàn)士談到了長征時的一些經(jīng)歷。 These books _ Asian problems. 這些書涉及亞洲的問題。,refer to,refer to,【活用】翻譯句中的劃線部分 (1)He

23、never referred to his sisters in his letters. _ (2)If you dont know the spelling of a word，you should refer to a dictionary. _ (3)The matter has been referred to the United Nations. _ (4)He is referred to as a great artist. _,涉及，提到,查閱，參考,被提交給,被看成是,8. draw ones attention to 使(某人)察覺到；吸引某人的注意力于 (教材P51)

24、In addition，my visits will encourage people working on the projects and draw local peoples attention to the situation. 此外，我的訪問將鼓勵正工作在這些項目上的人，并引起當(dāng)?shù)厝藢Υ朔N形勢的關(guān)注。,catch/attract sb.s attention吸引某人的注意力 bring sth.to sb.s attention 使某人關(guān)注某事 turn sb.s attention to 把某人的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向 pay attention to 注意 fix/focus/concent

25、rate ones attention on 集中注意力/精力于 call ones attention to 喚起某人對的注意 pay attention to 注意,溫馨提示以上短語中的 to、on都是介詞，其后接名 詞、代詞或動名詞。 He drew my attention to a point I had overlooked. 他使我察覺到我忽略了的一點。 She paid much attention to her appearance. 她很注重外表。 A great deal of attention has been paid to _ the environment. 人

26、們已對保護環(huán)境投入很多精力。 You should _ your work. 你應(yīng)該把注意力放到工作上。,protecting,fix/focus/concentrate your attention on,【活用】根據(jù)英語句子完成漢語句子 (1)I tried not to draw attention to the weak points in my argument. 我盡量_我論證中的軟肋。 (2)I have been asked to draw your attention to the following matters. 有人要求我_以下事情。 (3)What first ca

27、ught/attracted/drew my attention was his voice. 首先_他的聲音。 (4)Lets turn our attention to the matter at hand. 讓我們_手頭的問題上。,使人不察覺到,讓你注意,吸引我注意力的是,把注意力轉(zhuǎn)到,.詞匯自測 1The earthquake victims are in _(緊急的) need of medical supplies. 2After three days without food，he was close to _(饑餓) 3After she retired，she did a l

28、ot of _(志愿 的)work for the Red Cross.,urgent,starvation,voluntary,4Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem of _ (有價值的)attention should be discussed at the meeting. 5The discovery shows that Westerners pay _ (同等的)attention to the eyes and the mouth.,worthy,equal,.選詞填空 1The article is aimed at _ peoples _

29、 light pollution，because of which，we can hardly see any stars in the sky at night. 2Its a challenge for us to recite the text in front of the class without _ our books.,drawing,attention to,referring to,3_，many farmers paid attention only to exploiting the land. 4Honesty and hard work _success and h

30、appiness. 5In our country，primary education comes _ our government.,In addition,contribute to,under the umbrella of,.單項填空 1Only by _ your attention _ what you are learning can you learn it well. Afocus；on Bfocusing；on Cpaying；on Dpay；on 解析： 句意：只有專注于你正在學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容你才能把它學(xué) 好。focus ones attention on專注于。故選B。,B,

31、2It is requested that the reporter _ to blame for the wrong report. Areferring to be Breferring to as Creferred to be Dreferred to being 解析：句意：要求所涉及的那位記者應(yīng)對錯誤報道承擔(dān)責(zé) 任。 referred to 為過去分詞短語作定語修飾reporter。It is requested后的從句用虛擬語氣should動詞原形，should 可省略。故答案為C項。,C,3In my opinion, it is also urgent that the li

32、brary _ open during the vacation. Amust be kept Bis kept Cwould be kept Dbe kept 解析：考查固定句式It is urgent that.(should) do.。在我 看來，假期期間也迫切需要開放圖書館。,D,4Our foreign trade has _ greatly in recent years. Aexpanded Benlarged Cwidened Dsurvived 解析：expand指范圍、程度、體積和尺寸等方面的擴大或增加。句意：我國的對外貿(mào)易近年來已有極大發(fā)展。,A,5This beer i

33、snt bad.Im beginning to _ a taste for it. Aacquire Bachieve Cobtain Dattain 解析：句意：這種啤酒不錯，我已經(jīng)開始有了這種嗜好。 acquire獲得，擁有，一般指經(jīng)過漫長的過程而逐漸獲得。 由句意可知A項正確。,A,6Everyone is encouraged to _something to those who suffered a great deal in the earthquake. Aconstruct Bconnect Ccontribute Dcollect 解析：句意：鼓勵每個人為遭遇地震災(zāi)難的那些人

34、捐獻點 什么。contribute“捐獻，捐贈”符合題意。,C,7Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention _ before class. Ato underlined Bwas underlined Cto be underlined Dto being underlined 解析：考查虛擬語氣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，worth paying attention to作the key words的后置定語；insist表示“堅持 主張”時，其賓語從句使用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞使用 should do，should可以

35、省略，因此該從句謂語為(should)be underlined，因此選擇C。解該題的關(guān)鍵在于弄清句子結(jié) 構(gòu)，不要受思維定式的干擾而誤選D。,C,8Do you think it _ to spend 70 yuan watching the film “The flowers of war”？ Havent you seen the film? I think it is well _ the money. Aworthy；worth Bworthwhile；worth Cworth；worthy Dworthy；worthwhile,B,解析：選worth和worthy都可用作表語，意為“

36、值得”，兩 個詞的用法和搭配不同，be (well) worth名詞/doing，意為 “(很)值得某物/做某事”，里面的名詞多表示錢或價格， worth不能單獨作表語，也不能作定語；根據(jù)第二空排除C、 D；be worthyof名詞/ofbeing done/to be done， worthy還可作定語，意為“可尊敬的，有價值的”，第一空 后面的不定式?jīng)]有用被動形式，排除A；It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事，故選B。,1. (教材P49)In some areas where there have been wars，special soldie

37、rs help keep the peace. 在有戰(zhàn)爭的地區(qū)，特種部隊幫助維持治安。 句法分析 此句中“there have been”為there be句型的完成時形式。there be句型的用法如下： 表示某個事物在什么地方，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be主語 其他成分”。其中there為引導(dǎo)詞，本身無意義，謂語動詞 遵循就近原則。,(1)Therebe主語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。句中現(xiàn)在分詞表 示主動關(guān)系，同時表示動作正在進行。有時現(xiàn)在分詞可表 示一種狀態(tài)。 (2)There be句型中，謂語動詞除用be之外，還可用某些狀 態(tài)動詞，如：remain，lie，exist，live，stand以及表示

38、位 置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞arrive，come，enter，follow，rise， appear，occur等。 (3)There be句型的非限定形式有there to be和there being兩 種形式，它們可以在句中作主語、賓語、狀語等。,(4)Therebeing形式還可以用作狀語分句，形成獨立主 格結(jié)構(gòu)。 (5)there be句型的變式有： There used to be. 曾經(jīng)有(但現(xiàn)在沒有了) There is/are going to be.將有 There happened to be. 恰好有,(6)特殊的表達方式： There is no sense/point in

39、doing sth. 做某事是沒有用 的，沒有意義的 There is no need to do sth. 沒有必要做某事 There is thought/said/reported to be 人們認為有/據(jù)說有/ 據(jù)報道有 There is no doing (口語)不可能,There is a desk and three chairs in the room. 房間里有一張書桌和三把椅子。 _ three chairs and a desk in the room. 房間里有三把椅子和一張書桌。 There appeared to be nobody willing to help

40、. 看來沒人愿意幫忙。 _ a building here. 過去這兒有一座樓房。 _ in making him angry. 跟他生氣是沒有用的。 We expect there to be no objections. 我們希望不會有人反對。,There are,There used to be,There is no sense/point,2. (教材P49)This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields. 這些土地過去很難耕種，但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)能夠把水抽到地 里了。 句法分析 句

41、中was difficult to farm為“主動形式表被動含義”。,“be形容詞to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常要用主動形式 表示被動意義。 (1)這類結(jié)構(gòu)的特點是句子主語就是其后不定式的邏輯 語，按理說其中的不定式要用被動形式，但習(xí)慣上卻要 用主動表被動。這類形容詞常見的有awkward， convenient，dangerous，difficult，easy，hard， impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，safe，tough， tricky，unpleasant 等。,(2)有時形容詞后跟有名詞，在名詞后用作定語的不定式 用主動形式表示被動意義。有

42、少數(shù)用于類似結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞 (如fit，ready，free等)，其中的不定式用主動式和被動式 均可。,The question is difficult to answer.這問題很難回答。 It is a _ 這是一件值得記住的愉快的事。 The water is not fit to drink/to be drunk. 這水不適合飲用。,pleasant thing to remember,3. (教材P50)I feel very honored to have been able to take on this role. 能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)這個角色，我感到很榮幸。 句法分析 句中“have

43、been able”是動詞不定式的完成時，表示在謂 語動作發(fā)生前發(fā)生或存在。 The book is said to have been translated into many languages.據(jù)說這本書被譯成很多種語言。 He is very sad to _ four bikes in less than one year.他因不到一年就丟了4輛自行車而感到很傷心。,have lost,4. (教材P50)As you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere. 正如你們所知，聯(lián)合國觸及世界各地人們的生活。 句法分析 該句中

44、as是一個關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句， 意思為“正如的”。,as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在句中的位置比較靈活，句 首、句中及主句后均可以。還可以用來引導(dǎo)限制性定語 從句有the same，such 等修飾的先行詞。 對比：(教材P50)I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to. 我很高興今天有機會跟大家談?wù)劼?lián)合國，也叫UN這 個名稱更為常用。,句法分析 as it is more often referred