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1、最新 料推薦現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示一個(gè)在過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作。它們屬于不同時(shí)間的兩種時(shí)態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范疇,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)屬于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的范疇。下面我們先從構(gòu)成形式上區(qū)別一下兩種時(shí)態(tài)?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式為:“(haves)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”像 have/has done:而一般過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式為:“動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式”像did . 例如:Jack s mother took him to school every day when hewas in primary school.杰克在小學(xué)時(shí)他媽媽每天送他上學(xué)。Maria has never read any C
2、hinese stories.瑪利亞從未讀過(guò)中國(guó)故事。2. 基本用法不同: “對(duì)現(xiàn)在影響” 、“持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”正如前面所說(shuō),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài),屬現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范疇,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)最大的區(qū)別有兩點(diǎn):它側(cè)重于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)是一種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),側(cè)重于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。例如:Yesterday I went to the zoo.昨天我去了動(dòng)物園。 (僅說(shuō)明昨天去了動(dòng)物園,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān))Li Lei has read the book.李磊已看過(guò)那本書(shū)。 (說(shuō)明李磊1最新 料推薦了解那本書(shū)的內(nèi)容)另外, 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)
3、在,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性它常與for 及 since 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:He has lived here for ten years.他已在這兒住了10 年了。比較:1.)The Greens have worked in China since 1998.格林一家自1998 年到現(xiàn)在一直在中國(guó)工作。The Greens worked in China in 1998.格林一家 1998 年在中國(guó)工作。2.) He has lived in the country for a long time.他在農(nóng)村生活了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 (現(xiàn)在還在農(nóng)村)He lived in the country
4、 for a long time before he came to town.他進(jìn)城前在農(nóng)村生活了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。3.) She has bought a bicycle.她買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。 (現(xiàn)在她有一輛自行車(chē)了。 )She bought a bicycle last year.去年她買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。4.) He has won a prize for his invention.他因?yàn)樗陌l(fā)明而獲獎(jiǎng)了。He also won a prize last year.他去年也獲獎(jiǎng)了。注意:2最新 料推薦在與 for 及 since 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí),句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,終止性動(dòng)詞
5、不可和一段時(shí)間連用。例如:他當(dāng)兵已三年了。誤: He has become a soldier for three years.誤: He joined the army for three years.正: He has been a soldier for three years.正: He has been in the army for three years.1.連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)除了上面所說(shuō)明的由since 和for 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間外還有:already, yet, still ,just, so far,in the last(past), before
6、, ever, never等。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則常與 ago, yesterday, last, in 2000, just now等連用。注意:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)不可與yesterday, last week, two daysago 等之類(lèi)的表示具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grassin the park?你曾在公園里摘過(guò)花或曾踩過(guò)草地嗎?Father bought that watch ten years ago.爸爸 10 年前買(mǎi)了那塊手表。I have never seen the film be
7、fore.我以前沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部影片。注意:在 when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中不可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而3最新 料推薦只可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:When did you visit Japan?你什么時(shí)候訪(fǎng)問(wèn)過(guò)日本?Exercises:同步練習(xí)動(dòng)詞填空:1.sawI _(see) Tom last Friday.2.Did , go_you _(go) to theGreat Wall last summer?3.When _did_ you _start_(start) tolive in China?5.-The train _ (leave) already.-When _ the train_(lea
8、ve)?6.It is five years since I _(meet) youlast.7.Where _ you _(be) for the lasttwo weeks?4最新 料推薦8.I _ (lose) my pen in the bedroom.I have to write with a pencil.單項(xiàng)選擇:() 1. -Where _ the recorder? I can tsee it anywhere.- I _ it right here. But now itsgone!A. did you put; have putB. haveyou put; putC.
9、 had you put; was puttingD. wereyou putting; have put() 2. My father _ here since he _ tothis school.A. taught; cameB. hastaught; cameC. taught; has comeD. hastaught; has come5最新 料推薦() 3. I am sorry youve missed the train. It_ 10 minutes ago. (山東 )A. leftB. has leftC. has beenleftD. had left() 4. Hi
10、! Jim! Nice to meet you again! Its oneyear since I last _ you.(重慶 )A. sawB. seeC.seeingD. have seen() 5. - Have you visited the Dinosaur World,Elsa? (寧波)- Yes, I _ it yesterday.A. have visitedB. had visitedC.visitedD. visit() 6. - Nice to see you. I _ you for along time. (南京 )- I _ in Bejing. Ive ju
11、st come back.A. hadn t seen; amB. haven tseen; was6最新 料推薦C. didn t see; will beD. haven tseen; shall be() 7. -What is the weather like this summerhere?- There _ very little rain.A. hasB. has beenC.areD. have been() 8. When _you _ your dictionary?A. did; loseB. has; lostC. will; loseD.does; lose() 9. Where _ you _? Which answer isnot right?A. are; goingB. have;beenC. did; goD. are; doing() 10. There _ many great changes in myhometown since ten
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