教案：必修5-人教版高中英語課文原文和翻譯.doc

.可編輯修改，可打印別找了你想要的都有！ 精品教育資料全冊教案，試卷，教學課件，教學設(shè)計等一站式服務(wù)全力滿足教學需求，真實規(guī)劃教學環(huán)節(jié)最新全面教學資源，打造完美教學模式必修5Unit 1 Great scientistsReadingJOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” 約翰斯洛擊敗“霍亂王John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. 約翰斯洛是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成為照料維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。但他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，他就感到很振奮?；魜y在當時是最致命的疾病，人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。每次霍亂暴發(fā)時，就有大批驚恐的老百姓死去。約翰斯洛想面對這個挑戰(zhàn)，解決這個問題。他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無法控制的。 He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.斯洛對霍亂致人死地的兩種推測都很感興趣。一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖著，像一股危險的氣體到處漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者為止。第二種看法是人們在吃飯的時候把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。病從胃里發(fā)作而迅速殃及全身，患者就會很快地死去。John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.斯洛推測第二種說法是正確的，但他需要證據(jù)。因此，在1854年倫敦再次暴發(fā)霍亂的時候，約翰斯洛著手準備對此進行調(diào)研。當霍亂在貧民區(qū)迅速蔓延的時候，約翰斯洛就開始收集資料。他發(fā)現(xiàn)特別在兩條街道上霍亂流行的很嚴重，在10天之內(nèi)就死去了500多人。他決心要查明其原因。First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.首先，他在一張地圖上標明了所有死者住過的地方。這提供了一條說明霍亂起因的很有價值的線索。許多死者是住在寬街的水泵附近（特別是這條街上16、37、38、40號）。他發(fā)現(xiàn)有些住宅（如寬街上20號和21號以及劍橋街上的8號和9號）卻無人死亡。他以前沒預(yù)料到這種情況，所有他決定深入調(diào)查。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些人都在劍橋街7號的酒館里打工，而酒館為他們免費提供啤酒喝，因此他們沒有喝從寬街水泵抽上來的水?？磥硭亲锟準住ext, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.接下來，約翰斯洛調(diào)查了這兩條街的水源情況。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，水是從河里來的，而河水被倫敦排出的臟水污染了。他馬上叫寬街上驚慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。這樣，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就開始得到緩解。他證明了，他證明了霍亂是由病菌而不是由氣團傳播的。In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.在倫敦的另一個地區(qū)，他從兩個與寬街暴發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)的死亡病例中發(fā)現(xiàn)了有力的證據(jù)。有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運到家里來。她和她的女兒喝了這種水，都得了霍亂而死去。有了這個特別的證據(jù)，約翰斯洛就能夠肯定地宣布，這種被污染了的水攜帶著病菌。To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally King Cholera was defeated.為了防止這種情況的再度發(fā)生，約翰斯洛建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。自來水公司也接到指令，不能再讓人們接觸被污染的水了。最終，“霍亂王”被擊敗了。Using LanguageCOPERNICUS REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY 哥白尼的革命性理論Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.尼古拉哥白尼被嚇得心煩意亂的。雖然他曾經(jīng)試著不去理睬那些數(shù)字，然而他所有的數(shù)學計算都得出了一個相同的結(jié)論：地球不是太陽系的中心。只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。他的這個理論可不能告訴任何人，因為即使他只暗示有這種想法，他都會受到強大的基督教會勢力的懲罰。教會認為世界是上帝創(chuàng)造的，正因為如此，地球就具有特殊的意義，它必定要成為太陽系的中心。The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.這樣，問題就來了，因為天文學家以前發(fā)現(xiàn)過，天上有些行星停頓下來，往后移動，然后再成環(huán)狀向前移動，而其他行星看上去有時亮些，有時又不怎么亮。如果地球是太陽系的中心，而所有行星環(huán)繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)的話，那么這種現(xiàn)象就很奇怪了。Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.哥白尼對這些問題曾經(jīng)苦苦思索過很久，試圖找出問題的答案。他曾經(jīng)收集過觀察星球的數(shù)據(jù)，并且利用他的全部數(shù)學知識來解釋這些數(shù)據(jù)。但是只有他的新理論才能作出解釋。于是，他在1510至1514年期間從事這項研究，逐步修改他的理論，直到他感到完善時為止。In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.1514年，他把他的新理論私下里給他的朋友們看。他對舊理論的修改是具有革命性的。他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。他還提出地球在圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的同時，它本身還自轉(zhuǎn)，這樣就說明了行星運動的變化情況以及星球亮度問題。他的朋友都熱情地鼓勵他把他的想法公之于世，而他卻小心謹慎，他不想遭到基督教會的攻擊，所以他直到1543年臨終之前才公布了這一觀點。Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.當然，他小心謹慎是對的?；浇虝芙^接受他的理論，說這種理論違背了上帝的旨意，而支持這種理論的人都會受到打擊。然而哥白尼的理論卻是我們宇宙觀賴以建立的基礎(chǔ)。他的理論還改變了基督教對地心引力的看法，他們認為物體往地球上掉落是因為上帝創(chuàng)造了地球，而地球正是宇宙的中心。哥白尼表明這是明顯錯誤的。如今人們可以看到，他的這些想法與艾薩克牛頓、阿爾伯特愛因斯坦以及斯蒂芬霍金等人的研究都有著直接的聯(lián)系。Unit 2 The United KingdomReadingPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY 地理之謎People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.人們也許覺得奇怪，為什么用來描述英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭這四個國家的詞語不太一樣。但如果你學過英國歷史，就能弄清楚這個問題。 First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to Great Britain. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.首先是英格蘭。威爾士于13世紀同英格蘭聯(lián)合了起來。如今只要有人提起英格蘭，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)威爾士總是包括在內(nèi)的。接著，英格蘭、威爾士同蘇格蘭于17世紀聯(lián)合了起來，名字就改成了“大不列顛”。令人慶幸的是，當蘇格蘭的詹姆斯國王成為英格蘭和威爾士的國王時，這三個國家和平地實現(xiàn)了聯(lián)合。最后，英國政府打算于20世紀初把愛爾蘭也同另外三個國家和平聯(lián)合起來以形成聯(lián)合王國。然而，愛爾蘭的南部卻不愿組建聯(lián)合王國，它分離出去，并建立了自己的政府。因此只有北愛爾蘭同英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭聯(lián)合起來，而組成了聯(lián)合王國，這一點從新的聯(lián)合王國國旗上就可以看得出來。To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!值得贊揚的是，這四個國家的確在一些方面共同合作，例如在貨幣和國際關(guān)系方面；但是有些制度仍然區(qū)別很大。例如，北愛爾蘭、英格蘭和蘇格蘭在教育體制和立法體制上都存在著差異。在參加像世界杯之類的比賽時，它們有著各自的足球隊。 England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.在這四個國家中，英格蘭是最大的。為了方便起見，它大致可以劃分為三個地區(qū)。最靠近法國的那個地區(qū)叫做英格蘭南部，中部地區(qū)叫做英格蘭中部，最靠近蘇格蘭的那個地區(qū)叫做英格蘭北部。你可以看到英國的大部分人口聚居在南部，而多數(shù)大工業(yè)城市都位于中部和北部。盡管，英國任何一個城市都不像中國的城市那樣大，但是他們都有著自己的享有威名的足球隊，有的城市甚至還有兩個隊。很遺憾，這些建于19世紀的工業(yè)城市對游客并沒有吸引力。要找歷史性建筑你得去更古老的、比較小些的由古羅馬人建造的城鎮(zhèn)。在那兒你才可能找到更多的有關(guān)英國歷史和文化的東西。 The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.最具歷史意義的寶地是倫敦。那兒有博物館，有藝術(shù)珍品、劇院、公園和各種建筑物。它是全國的政治中心。它有公元一世紀由羅馬人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格魯撒克遜人始建于11世紀60年代的最古老的建筑，還有公元1066年由后來的諾曼人統(tǒng)治者建造的最古老的城堡。曾經(jīng)有四批侵略者到過英國。第一批入侵者是古羅馬人，留下了他們的城鎮(zhèn)和道路。接著是盎格魯撒克遜人，留下了他們的語言和政體。第三是斯堪的納維亞人，他們對詞匯和北部的地名造成了一定影響；第四是諾曼人，他們留下了城堡和食物名稱的新詞語。 If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.如果你到英國鄉(xiāng)間去看看，你就會找到所有這些入侵者的痕跡。如果想使你的英國之旅不虛此行又有意義，你就必須留心觀察。Using LanguageSIGHTSEEING IN LONDON 倫敦觀光記Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queens jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.由于擔心時間不夠，張萍玉早就把她想要在倫敦參觀的地點列了一張單子。她最先想?yún)⒂^的地方是倫敦塔，它是很久以前由入侵的諾曼人在公元1066年修建的。真是太棒了！這個堅實的用石頭砌的方形塔已經(jīng)在那屹立一千年了。盡管在塔的四周擴建了一些建筑，但它仍然是皇宮和監(jiān)獄聯(lián)合體的一個組成部分。讓張萍玉很驚訝的是，她發(fā)現(xiàn)女王的珠寶由皇家特別衛(wèi)士守護著，而這些衛(wèi)士在一些特殊的日子仍然穿著400年前伊麗莎白一世女王時代的制服。There followed St Pauls Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queens house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!接著參觀的是圣保羅大教堂，它是公元1666年倫敦大火以后建造的，剛建成的時候，它看起來真是金碧輝煌。威斯敏斯特大教堂也是很有意思的地方，里面珍藏著一些已故詩人和作家的雕像，例如莎士比亞的雕像。正當萍玉走出大教堂的時候，她聽到了著名的大本鐘整點敲響的鐘聲。她參觀了女王倫敦住所白金漢宮的外景，以此結(jié)束了一天的觀光。啊，她要同朋友們講的實在太多了！The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.第二天，萍玉姑娘參觀了格林尼治天文臺，看到了古老的輪船和那座著名的為時間定時的時鐘。她最感興趣的是那條通過天文臺的經(jīng)線。這是一條假想的線，它把世界分成東西兩半球，從而有利于航海。這條線穿過格林尼治，萍玉就跨著這條線拍了一張照片。The last day she visited Karl Marxs statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.最后一天，她參觀了倫敦海洛特公墓里的卡爾馬克思的雕像。這似乎是一件怪事：這位發(fā)展了共產(chǎn)主義的人竟然在倫敦生活過，并且在倫敦去世。不僅如此，他還在大英博物館著名的圖書閱覽室工作過。遺憾的是，這個圖書館已經(jīng)從原來的地方搬到另一座大樓里去了，而原來的閱覽室也沒有了。但是她感到最為震驚的卻是博物館里展出的那么多來自不同文化的奇妙寶物。當萍玉看到那么多參觀者用欣賞的目光注視著古老漂亮的中國陶瓷和其他展品時，心里充滿了對祖國的自豪感。The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. Perhaps I will see the Queen? she wondered as she fell asleep. 再過一天，萍玉就要離開倫敦去溫莎城堡了。她邊睡覺邊想：“也許我能見到女王呢？”Unit 3 Life in the futureReadingFIRST IMPRESSIONS 第一印象Spacemall: liqiang299AGreatAdventureSpaceS 15/11/3008 (Earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad, 太空郵件：liqiang 299AgreatAdventureSpaceS 15/11/3008(地球時間)親愛的爸爸媽媽：I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “Time lag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents company, called Future Tours, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.我現(xiàn)在仍然無法相信我是在接受去年獲得的這個獎勵。我得不斷提醒自己，我真的已經(jīng)進入到公元3008年了。因為擔心這次旅行，頭幾天我心里總是不踏實，結(jié)果我得了時間滯后癥。這就與你乘坐飛機會產(chǎn)生時差反應(yīng)相似，所不同的是，在你的腦子里似乎會不斷閃現(xiàn)以前的時光。因此，我一開始就感到神經(jīng)過敏和心神不定。但是我的朋友兼導(dǎo)游王平很細心體貼，給了我?guī)琢＞G色藥片，倒是挺起作用的。他父母的公司叫做“未來之旅”，以其技術(shù)高超而聞名。他們把我裝在一個時間艙里，平安地把我送入了未來。I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?我仍舊記得我們被太空服務(wù)員一起叫到時間艙，爬上去進入一個小門。座位是很舒適的，喝了點鎮(zhèn)靜劑后，我們的眼睛就閉上了，感到昏昏欲睡似的。時間艙在輕輕左右搖晃，我們放松地躺在那里做夢。幾分鐘以后，旅程結(jié)束，我們就到了。我仍然在地球上，但是進入到了未來的一千年。我們會看到什么呢？At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. Put on this mask, he advised. Itll make you feel much better. He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. 一開始新的環(huán)境讓我很難忍受?？諝馑坪鹾芟”?，好像在混合的氣體中剩下的氧氣很少。由于缺乏新鮮空氣，我感到頭痛。正當我想努力調(diào)整適應(yīng)新環(huán)境時，王平出現(xiàn)了。他告訴我，“把這個面罩戴上。它會使你感覺好得多。”他把面罩遞給我，敦促我馬上走進附近的一個小房間，叫我休息。我立刻感到舒服些了。Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a time lag flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.沒過多久，我就再次站立起來，跟著他去領(lǐng)取了一臺由電腦驅(qū)動的氣墊車。這些氣墊車是在地面上方漂浮著的，只要在座位上把操縱桿打彎或壓下，你就可以迅速地移動。王平系緊了我的安全帶，教我怎樣使用它。不久，我就可以飛得跟王平一樣快了?？墒?，當我們到達一個看上去像大市場的地方時，由于太多車子朝四面八方飛奔，我看不見王平了。他被卷入到這群車隊里去了。就在這個時候我得到一次“時間滯后”的閃回，這樣我就再次看到了似乎是公元20