名詞性從句講解練習(xí)課件

名詞性從句,課件制作：龍 琳 2010年8月1日,概念：一個句子， 在連詞的引導(dǎo)下，在另一個句子中充當(dāng)名詞使用，叫名詞從句 名詞性從句包括：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句 名詞性從句可以表示：事實(shí)和問題。 1.連接詞有： that whether 和 lf 2.連接代詞有：who whom whose which what 等 3.連接副詞有：when where why how 等 另外 whatever， whoever， whichever等 也可以引導(dǎo)主語和賓語兩種從句。 名詞性從句中的“that”沒有詞義，也不作任何成分,主語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語成分,1) (Whether he will go there) is not known . 2) (What he said ) is not true . 3) (Where he hid the money ) is to be found out . 4) (Whoever comes ) is welcome. 5) (That he will succeed) is certain .,1 It 的用法： （形式主語）,It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 It said/ reported that據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道 Its been announced/declared that已經(jīng)通知/宣布 Its no wonder, an honor that Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (眾所周知） / a common saying（俗話說）that,It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/ good news/that,It is necessary/strange/important/ possible/likely/that這類主語從 句中,謂語動詞常為(should)+動詞原形,It is said/reported/decided/known/ that,It seemed/happened/doesnt matter/has turned out/that,2 主語從句的注意事項(xiàng)：,“if” 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句，應(yīng)有“whether”引導(dǎo)。 主語從句的 “that” 一般不能省。 “what”引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，謂語動詞： 1）常與其后的名詞一致 2）根據(jù)句子的語境而定。 What you left are only several old books. What you said is of great importance. What he says and does doesnt concern me. What he says and does dont agree.,1 _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country _ the First World. A. Which; belong to B. As, belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonging to 4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when 6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,A,B,D,B,B,A,二. 賓語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語成分（ 可以作謂語動詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語動詞的賓語）,連詞：that, whether，if （ that ?？墒÷裕?who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how 1).They know that the habit will kill them. 2).It all depends on whether they will support us . 3).They are confident that they can do it well. 4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job .,2 賓語從句的注意事項(xiàng)：,1）但是從第二個從句起，引導(dǎo)詞that 不能省略。 He said (that) he was out at that time and that he should be to blame for the accident. 2）時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。但是若賓語從句表示的是客觀真理時(shí)，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,1.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) 2.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 3.The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) 4.Tom says that they _ (play) basketball yesterday evening. 5.I hear they _ (return) it already. 6.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) 7. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 8. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 9. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be),travels,were playing,have returned,had been,wrote,has taken,had been,goes,will be,三. 表語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語成分，一般放在連系動詞之后.,1 它的作用：對主語進(jìn)行解釋說明。 連接詞：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引導(dǎo)表語從句) 連接代詞：who / whom / whose / which / what 連接副詞：when / where / why / how /because The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . Thats why I was late/ where I will go .,2 表語從句的注意事項(xiàng)： 1）在表語從句中，表“是否” 時(shí)，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。 2）一般情況下，“that”不能省。 造句：他遲到的原因是他錯過了汽車。,He missed the bus. That was _ he was late for school. He was late for school. That was _ he missed the bus.,why,because,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,B,C,D,A,四同位語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明.,1 同位語從句常用 that 引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when / where/why / how / whether 1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people . 2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them . 3).They had a problem whether they should go out tonight.,Tell the difference,1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.,同位語從句,同位語從句,定語從句,定語從句,2 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：,1） 同位語從句that 只起連接作用，不作任何成分 定語從句 that 是關(guān)系代詞，起連接作用和充 當(dāng)賓語和主語 2） 同位語從句that 不能省 定語從句that 在從句中作賓語時(shí)，可以省 I have heard the news that he visited our factory . I have heard the news that he told you yesterday .,考點(diǎn)一：考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞 that 與 what 的區(qū)別,考例（ 1 ）： _we cant get seems better than _we have.（NMET1996） A. What； what B. What； that C. That； that D. That； what,分析：在名詞性從句中 that 與 What 的區(qū)別是： that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用；而 what 不僅起連接作用，而且也可充當(dāng)句子成分。此題考查了兩個名詞性從句：主語從句和賓語從句， what 在這兩個名詞性從句中都作賓語。,考例 （2）： It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. if C. that D. for,分析：句首的先行詞 It 作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的從句“ that her hair was turning grey”。 此句也可以改為： That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit. that 在主語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。,考點(diǎn)二：考查名詞性從句中的 it 作形式主語或形式賓語,考例 （1）： _is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.（NMET1995） A. There B. This C. That D. It,分析：在名詞性從句中為了保持句子的平衡，往往用先行詞 it 作形式主語或形式賓語，而把真正的主語和賓語放到后面，尤其是 that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句往往用先行詞 it 作形式主語。此句也可以改寫為： That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.,考例（ 2 ） ： I hate _when people talk with their mouths full. （NMET1998） A. it B. that C. this D. them,分析：此題考查用先行詞 it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放到后面。其他代詞均不能作形式主語或形式賓語。,考點(diǎn)三：考查名詞性從句的語序,考例： The photographs will show you _. （NET1989） A. what does our village look like B . what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,分析：在名詞性從句中，關(guān)聯(lián)詞要提到句首，句子用陳述句語序。當(dāng)關(guān)聯(lián)詞含有疑問的意義時(shí)，考生受習(xí)慣影響往往會錯誤地使用疑問句語序?？朔@種錯誤的關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)從句中的主語和謂語。本題中引導(dǎo)詞 what 作介詞 like 的賓語，而副詞 how 不能作介詞 like 的賓語，所以排除 C 、 D ；而 A 項(xiàng)是疑問句語序，故只能選 B .,考點(diǎn)四：考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞 whether 與 if 及 that 的區(qū)別,考例： _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .（NMET1996） A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where,分析： whether 與 if （意為“是否”）的區(qū)別是：在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)兩者可以互換，但引導(dǎo)介詞后邊的賓語從句或從句后面緊跟 or not 時(shí)只能用 whether， 而不能用 if .在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)，只能用 whether， 而不能用 if ，例如：,1.Whether it is true remains a problem. 這件事是否真實(shí)還是個問題。 2.What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. （上海 2001 ）醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我母親能否很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來。 3.I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan. 我不知道自己是否該同意這計(jì)劃。,注：以上三句分別為主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。只能用 whether 引導(dǎo)，不能用 if .,考點(diǎn)五：從句中的“疑問詞 +ever” 引導(dǎo)的從句與“ no matter+ 疑問詞”引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別,考例（ 1 ） ：_leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（NET1988） A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,分析： Whoever 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)“無論誰”，它在主語從句中作主語，相當(dāng)于 anyone who 或 the person who. 如果要選 A 或 B ，必須在它們后面再加上引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 who. 如果選 D 就體現(xiàn)不出“無論誰”的含義了。,考例（ 2 ） ：Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests. （1995） A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who,分析：“疑問詞 +ever ”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與“ no matter+ 疑問詞”引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是：前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。首先排除 A 和 D ，又因?yàn)閺木渲腥鄙俚氖侵髡Z，故排除 B .,考點(diǎn)六：考查名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣,考例： It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master,分析： It 作形式主語， that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。,具體有以下幾個方面:,1 .在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、懷疑、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“ （should）+do”。 常用的句型有： It is necessary （important， natural， strange， etc.） that It is a pity （a shame， no wonder， etc.）that It is suggested （requested， proposed， desired， etc.）that 例如： It is strange that she （should）think so. 真奇怪，她竟然這么想。 It is necessary that he （should）be sent there at once. 應(yīng)該馬上派他去那里。 It is suggested that Mr. Wang give a performance at the party. 有人建議王先生在晚會上演個節(jié)目。,2 .謂語動詞是表示建議、請求、命令、要求、堅(jiān)持等及物動詞時(shí)，其后邊的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。常用的這類動詞有 suggest， propose， insist， desire， demand， request， order， command 等，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“ （should）+do” .例如：,I insist that she （should）do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己完成工作。 The commander ordered that troops （should）set off at once. 司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。,3 .主語是 suggestion， proposal， request， idea 等表示建議、請求、命令、要求、決定等意義的名詞時(shí)，表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“ （should）+do ”。例如： My idea is that another meeting （should）be held to discuss the problem. 我建議再開一次會來討論這個問題。 They received orders that the work（should） be finished by the end of this month. 他們接到了本月底完成這項(xiàng)工作的命令.,1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A What / because B What / that C That / what D That / because 2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A What / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that 3. He is absent from school . It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason 4. _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising . A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 5. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . A. that B. how C. where D. what,6. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days off ? A. why B. when C. what D. where 7 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game ? - Oh ,thats _. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 8. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect . A. What B. That C. This D. Which 9. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule :Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A. what B. which C. when D. that,A,A,B,A,11. We made the suggestion that he _