基于TCPIP的互連網(wǎng)絡(luò)CICND10S08A.ppt

第六章 基于TCP/IP的 互連網(wǎng)絡(luò),通過本章的學(xué)習(xí)，您應(yīng)該掌握以下內(nèi)容： 了解TCP/IP協(xié)議棧，各個分層的主要功能、IP協(xié)議的應(yīng)用 掌握IP地址分類，子網(wǎng)掩碼的作用，識別網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)識號、主機標(biāo)識號，子網(wǎng)的數(shù)目 學(xué)會在路由器的端口正確設(shè)置IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼 用路由器連接兩個不同的VLAN實現(xiàn)通訊,本章目標(biāo),早期的協(xié)議族 全球范圍,TCP/IP介紹,主機,Internet,TCP/IP,主機,TCP/IP 協(xié)議族,7,6,5,4,3,2,5,4,3,2,應(yīng)用層,表達層,會話層,傳輸層,網(wǎng)絡(luò)層,數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層,物理層,1,應(yīng)用層,傳輸層,Internet層,數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層,物理層,1,應(yīng)用層概述,* 路由器使用,應(yīng)用層,傳輸層,Internet層,數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層,物理層,文件傳輸 - TFTP * - FTP * - NFS E-Mail - SMTP 遠(yuǎn)程登陸 - Telnet * - rlogin * 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理 - SNMP * 名稱管理 - DNS*,傳輸層概述,Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP),應(yīng)用層,傳輸層,Internet層,數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層,物理層,面向連接 非面向連接,TCP 數(shù)據(jù)格式,Source port (16),Destination port (16),Sequence number (32),Header length (4),Acknowledgement number (32),Reserved (6),Code bits (6),Window (16),Checksum (16),Urgent (16),Options (0 or 32 if any),Data (varies),20 Bytes,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,端口號,TCP,端口號,F T P,傳輸層,T E L N E T,D N S,S N M P,T F T P,S M T P,UDP,應(yīng)用層,21,23,25,53,69,161,R I P,520,TCP 端口號,源端口,目標(biāo)端口,Host A,1028,23,SP,DP,Host Z,Telnet Z,目標(biāo)端口 = 23.,發(fā)送 SYN (seq=100 ctl=SYN),接收 SYN,Host A,Host B,TCP 三次握手,發(fā)送 SYN (seq=100 ctl=SYN),接收 SYN,發(fā)送 SYN, ACK (seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack),Host A,Host B,接收 SYN,TCP 三次握手,發(fā)送 SYN (seq=100 ctl=SYN),接收 SYN,發(fā)送 SYN, ACK (seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack),建立會話 (seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack),Host A,Host B,接收 SYN,TCP 三次握手,TCP 簡單確認(rèn),滑動窗口 = 1,發(fā)送方,接收方,TCP 簡單確認(rèn),滑動窗口 = 1,發(fā)送方,接收方,發(fā)送 1,接收 1,TCP 簡單確認(rèn),滑動窗口 = 1,發(fā)送方,接收方,發(fā)送 1,接收 1,接收 ACK 2,發(fā)送 ACK 2,TCP 簡單確認(rèn),滑動窗口 = 1,發(fā)送方,接收方,發(fā)送 1,接收 1,接收 ACK 2,發(fā)送 ACK 2,發(fā)送 2,接收 2,TCP 簡單確認(rèn),滑動窗口 = 1,發(fā)送方,接收方,發(fā)送 1,接收 1,接收 ACK 2,發(fā)送 ACK 2,發(fā)送 2,接收 2,接收 ACK 3,發(fā)送 ACK 3,TCP 簡單確認(rèn),滑動窗口 = 1,發(fā)送方,接收方,發(fā)送 1,接收 1,接收 ACK 2,發(fā)送 ACK 2,發(fā)送 2,接收 2,接收 ACK 3,發(fā)送 ACK 3,發(fā)送 3,接收 3,滑動窗口 = 1,發(fā)送方,接收方,發(fā)送 1,接收 1,接收 ACK 2,發(fā)送 ACK 2,發(fā)送 2,接收 2,接收 ACK 3,發(fā)送 ACK 3,發(fā)送 3,接收 3,接收 ACK 4,發(fā)送 ACK 4,TCP 簡單確認(rèn),TCP 順序號和確認(rèn)號,源端口,目標(biāo)端口,順序號 #,確認(rèn)號 #,Source,Dest.,Seq.,Ack.,1028,23,10,1,我發(fā)送 #10.,TCP 順序號和確認(rèn)號,我已收到 #10, 現(xiàn)在我需要 #11.,源端口,目標(biāo)端口,順序號 #,確認(rèn)號 #,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,我發(fā)送 #10.,TCP 順序號和確認(rèn)號,源端口,目標(biāo)端口,順序號 #,確認(rèn)號 #,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,2,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,我已收到 #10, 現(xiàn)在我需要 #11.,我發(fā)送 #10.,TCP 順序號和確認(rèn)號,源端口,目標(biāo)端口,順序號 #,確認(rèn)號 #,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,2,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,12,Seq.,2,Ack.,我已收到 #11, 現(xiàn)在我需要 #12.,我發(fā)送 #11,TCP 窗 口,發(fā)送方,接收方,TCP 窗 口,Window size = 3 Send 2,發(fā)送方,接收方,Window size = 3 Send 1,Window size = 3 Send 3,Window size = 3 Send 2,TCP 窗 口,發(fā)送方,Window size = 3 Send 1,Window size = 3 Send 3,ACK 3 Window size = 2,數(shù)據(jù) 3 被丟棄,接收方,Window size = 3 Send 2,TCP 窗 口,發(fā)送方,Window size = 3 Send 1,Window size = 3 Send 3,ACK 3 Window size = 2,數(shù)據(jù) 3 被丟棄,Window size = 3 Send 4,Window size = 3 Send 3,接收方,Window size = 3 Send 2,TCP 窗 口,發(fā)送方,Window size = 3 Send 1,Window size = 3 Send 3,ACK 3 Window size = 2,數(shù)據(jù) 3 被丟棄,Window size = 3 Send 4,Window size = 3 Send 3,ACK 5 Window size = 2,接收方,沒有順序號和確認(rèn)號,UDP 數(shù)據(jù)格式,Source port (16),Destination port (16),Length (16),Data (if any),1,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,Checksum (16),8 Bytes,Internet 層概述,OSI 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層對應(yīng)的是TCP/IP的internet層,Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP),應(yīng)用層,傳輸層,Internet層,數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層,物理層,IP 數(shù)據(jù),Version (4),Destination IP Address (32),Options (0 or 32 if any),Data (varies if any),1,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,Header Length (4),Priority & Type of Service (8),Total Length (16),Identification (16),Flags (3),Fragment offset (13),Time to live (8),Protocol (8),Header checksum (16),Source IP Address (32),20 Bytes,決定上層協(xié)議,協(xié)議域,Transport Layer,Internet Layer,TCP,UDP,Protocol Numbers,IP,17,6,ICMP協(xié)議,Application,Transport,Internet,Data Link,Physical,Destination Unreachable Echo (Ping) Other,ICMP,1,ARP協(xié)議,,,IP: = ?,我需要知道的物理地址.,ARP協(xié)議,,,IP: = ?,ARP協(xié)議,,IP: Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111,,IP: = ?,ARP協(xié)議,映射 IP Ethernet Local ARP,,IP: Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111,,IP: = ?,RARP協(xié)議,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ?,我的地址是多少？,RARP協(xié)議,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ?,我的地址是多少？,我聽到了廣播你的地址是 5.,RARP協(xié)議,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP: 5,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ?,我的地址是多少？,我聽到了廣播你的地址是 5.,RARP協(xié)議,映射 Ethernet IP,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP: 5,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ?,我的地址是多少？,我聽到了廣播你的地址是 5.,斷點連接需要確定的地址 路徑選擇 Location is represented by an address,TCP/IP地址介紹,,,,,,,SA,DA,HDR,DATA,,,,,IP 地 址,255,255,255,255,Dotted Decimal,Maximum,Network,Host,32 bits,IP 地 址,255,255,255,255,Dotted Decimal,Maximum,Network,Host,128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,Binary,32 bits,1,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1,128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1,128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1,IP 地 址,255,255,255,255,Dotted Decimal,Maximum,Network,Host,128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,10101100,00010000,01111010,11001100,Binary,32 bits,172,16,122,204,Example Decimal,Example Binary,1,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1,128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1,128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1,Class A: Class B: Class C: Class D: 多址地址 Class E: 科研用,IP 地址分類,8 bits,8 bits,8 bits,8 bits,IP 地址分類,1,Class A:,Bits:,0NNNNNNN,Host,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (1-126),1,Class B:,Bits:,10NNNNNN,Network,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (128-191),1,Class C:,Bits:,110NNNNN,Network,Network,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (192-223),1,Class D:,Bits:,1110MMMM,Multicast Group,Multicast Group,Multicast Group,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (224-239),主機地址,,0,2,,1,18,E1,172.16,12,12,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機,.,.,網(wǎng)絡(luò),端口, ,E0 E1,路由表,,,E0,11111111,計算可用的主機地址,172 16 0 0,10101100,00010000,00000000,00000000,16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9,8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機,00000000,00000001,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110,.,.,00000000,00000011,11111101,1,2,3,65534,65535,65536,-,.,2,65534,N,2N-2 = 216-2 = 65534,IP地址分類練習(xí),地址,類別,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機,,00,4,,6,20,IP地址分類練習(xí) （答案）,地址,類別,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機,,00,4,,6,20,A,B,C,C,B,Nonexistent,,,,,,,00,4,,6,網(wǎng)絡(luò) ,,不設(shè)子網(wǎng)的地址,,,,.,53,54,網(wǎng)絡(luò) ,設(shè)置子網(wǎng)的地址,,,,,子網(wǎng)地址,00,,60,,,00,50,E0,172.16,網(wǎng)絡(luò),網(wǎng)絡(luò),端口, ,E0 E1,新路由表,2,160,主機,.,.,,E1,子網(wǎng)地址,00,,60,,,00,50,,E0,E1,172.16,2,160,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機,.,.,網(wǎng)絡(luò),端口, ,E0 E1,新路由表,子網(wǎng),子網(wǎng)掩碼,255,255,0,0,IP Address,Default Subnet Mask,8-bit Subnet Mask,Network,Host,Network,Host,Network,Subnet,Host,“/16” 表示子網(wǎng)掩碼有16位.,“/24”表示子網(wǎng)掩碼有24位.,11111111,11111111,00000000,00000000,十進制和二進制的轉(zhuǎn)換,1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 128 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 192 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 224 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 240 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 248 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 252 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 254 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255,128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1,16,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機,172,0,0,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,00000000,00000000,10100000,00000000,00000000,缺省情況下子網(wǎng)未劃分,00000010,缺省情況下的子網(wǎng)掩碼,60,,網(wǎng)絡(luò)號,擴展了8位地址的網(wǎng)絡(luò),利用子網(wǎng)掩碼劃分子網(wǎng),16,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機,60,,172,2,0,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,00000000,00000000,00000010,子網(wǎng),網(wǎng)絡(luò)號,128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255,利用子網(wǎng)掩碼劃分子網(wǎng),網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機,60,92,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,子網(wǎng),擴展了10位地址的網(wǎng)絡(luò),16,172,2,128,網(wǎng)絡(luò)好,128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255,128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255,子網(wǎng)掩碼練習(xí),地址,子網(wǎng)掩碼,類別,子網(wǎng),0,0,2,,,,子網(wǎng)掩碼練習(xí) （答案）,地址,子網(wǎng)掩碼,類別,子網(wǎng),0,0,2,,,,B,A,A,,,,廣播地址,,,,,55 (Directed broadcast),55 (Local network broadcast),X,55 (All subnets broadcast),地址匯總示例,16,172,2,160,10101100,00010000,10100000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,4,1,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,7,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10111111,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,5,6,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10111111,10000001,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,5,6,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10111111,10000001,10111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111111,10101100,00010000,00000010,10000001,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111111,10101100,00010000,00000010,10000001,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,28,91,29,90,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,16,172,2,160,IP Host Address: 21 Subnet Mask: ,Subnet Address = Host Addresses = 54 Broadcast Address = 55 Eight bits of subnetting,Network,Subnet,Host,10101100,00010000,00000010,11111111,21:,:,10101100,11111111,Subnet:,10101100,00010000,00010000,11111111,00000010,00000010,11111111,01111001,00000000,00000000,B類地址子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃,Broadcast:,Network,子網(wǎng)劃分,Other subnets,6,2,8,20 子網(wǎng) 5 主機/子網(wǎng) C類地址： ,11111000,IP Host Address: 21 Subnet Mask: 48,Network,Subnet,Host,21:,11000000,11111111,Subnet:,11000000,10101000,10101000,11111111,00000101,00000101,11111111,01111001,01111000,48:,C類地址子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃,Subnet Address = 20 Host Addresses = 2126 Broadcast Address = 27 Five Bits of Subnetting,Broadcast:,Network,Network,11000000,10101000,00000101,01111111,廣播地址練習(xí),地址,類別,子網(wǎng),廣播地址,0,48,子網(wǎng)掩碼,,,3,52,7,28,廣播地址練習(xí) （答案）,27,地址,類別,子網(wǎng),廣播地址,0,48,C,3,6,子網(wǎng)掩碼,,,A,55,,3,52,B,5,2,7,28,B,,配置交換機的IP地址,指明IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼,Switch(config)#ip address ip-address subnet-mask,Switch(config)#ip default-gateway ip-address,指明缺省網(wǎng)關(guān),配置路由器的IP地址,指明IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼 在路由器的端口配置模式下設(shè)置地址,Router(config-if)#ip address ip-address subnet-mask,配置路由器的IP地址,Router(config-line)#ip netmask-format bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal,在行控制模式下設(shè)置IP地址的顯示格式,Router#term ip netmask-format bitcount| decimal | hexadecimal,設(shè)置正確的IP地址顯示格式,利用IP地址靜態(tài)映射主機地址 通過IP地址和主機名稱選擇端口,路由器的IP主機命名,Router(config)#ip host name tcp-port-number address address,ip host Norine ip host Roger ,指明一個或多個名稱服務(wù)器來解析邏輯地址,路由器名稱服務(wù)器的設(shè)置,Router(config)#ip name-server server-address1 server-address2.server-address6,DNS Server,缺省情況下DNS為Enable,路由器的名稱解析,Router(config)#ip domain-lookup Router(config)#end Router#pat Translating ”pat“.domain server (55) % Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address Router#config t Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup Router(config)#end Router#pat Translating ”pat“ % Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address Router#,查看主機名稱,Router#show hosts Default domain is not set Name/address lookup uses domain service Name servers are 55 Host Flags Age Type Address(es) Norine (perm, OK) 0 IP 00 Roger (perm, OK) 0 IP 01 Frank (perm, OK) 0 IP 00 Bob (perm, OK) 0 IP 01,顯示主機列表,VLAN 概 述,VLAN 1,VLAN 2,ISL,,,網(wǎng)絡(luò)層設(shè)備連接多個廣播域,Router on a stick,Application,TCP,IP,ISL,Ethernet,Fast E0/0,將物理端口劃分為多個子端口,FastEthernet 0/0,FastEthernet 0/0.2,FastEthernet 0/0.3,FastEthernet 0/0.1,物理端口能夠劃分為多個邏輯的子端口,ISL 封 裝,在子端口上激活I(lǐng)SL封裝,Router(config-subif)#encapsulation isl domain,不同VLAN間的路由,VLAN 1,VLAN 2,ISL,interface fastethernet 0/0 no ip address ! interface fastethernet 0/0.1 ip address encapsulation isl 1 interface fastethernet 0/0.2 ip address encapsulation isl 2,Fast E0/0,,,廣域網(wǎng)間的路由,ISL,interface Serial0 ip address ,S0,,,VLAN 1,VLAN 2,,,可視化目標(biāo),core_ server,wg_sw_a 0,wg_sw_l 20,.,e0/1,fa0/26 (port A),e0/1,fa0/26 (port A),fa0/1,fa0/12,fa