比較級(jí)和主謂一致.ppt

王 朋 Dec. 17th, 2013,2013年秋季學(xué)期大學(xué)英語(yǔ)4視頻答疑,比較級(jí)和同級(jí)比較,Page 2,一、形容詞與副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法 二、比較等級(jí)的常見句型 三、比較等級(jí)的特殊句型 四、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的常見修飾語(yǔ) 五、形容詞與副詞的比較等級(jí)用法注意 六、比較等級(jí)的重要考點(diǎn) 七、比較級(jí)練習(xí)題 八、主謂一致練習(xí)題,講 課 提 綱,Page 3,1. 單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞或副詞通常加后綴er和est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。此時(shí)，還需注意：若原級(jí)以字母e結(jié)尾，則只加-r和-st；若原級(jí)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，則應(yīng)將y改為i，再加-er和-est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；若原級(jí)為重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，則雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后再加詞尾-er和-est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。如： longlongerlongest largelargerlargest busybusierbusiest bigbiggerbiggest,一、形容詞與副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法,Page 4,2. 多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞在其前加more和most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。如： usefulmore usefulmost useful difficultmore difficultmost difficult 常見的不規(guī)則形容詞與副詞的比較等級(jí)變化： goodbetterbest； wellbetterbest； badworseworst； badlyworseworst； illworseworst； muchmoremost； manymoremost； littlelessleast； farfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest；等。 注：less和least也用來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，表示“較不”和“最不”：carefulless carefulleast careful。,一、形容詞與副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法,Page 5,二、比較等級(jí)的常見句型,(1)兩者相比，甲=乙，用“as +形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+ as”。如： He got up as early as I did. 他和我起得一樣早。 注：當(dāng)asas中間有名詞時(shí)，名詞要放在形容詞之后。如： I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。 (2)兩者相比，甲乙，用“not as/so+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as”。 Corn doesnt need as/so much water as rice. 玉米不需要稻谷那么多水。,Page 6,二、比較等級(jí)的常見句型,(3)兩者相比，甲乙，用“比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞+ than”。如： You are taller than I. 你比我高。 He reads more careful than I. 他比我看書更認(rèn)真。 (4)多者比較，用“the+最高級(jí)+比較范圍”。如： Tom is the tallest in his class. 湯姆是他班里個(gè)子最高。,Page 7,三、比較等級(jí)的特殊句型,(1) less/least +原級(jí)：表示降級(jí)的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。如： I am even less lucky. This is the least useful of the four books. (2) the+比較級(jí), the+比較級(jí)：表示后者隨著前者的變化而變化，意為“越就越”，前者相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件句，因此，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如： The harder you work, the better result youll get. (3) the+比較級(jí)(+of the two)：表示“兩者中較的那個(gè)人或物”。如： Tom is the taller of the two brothers.,Page 8,三、比較等級(jí)的特殊句型,(4) 比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)：表示“越來(lái)越”， 單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞用“-er+and +-er”，warmer and warmer 多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞用“more and more” more and more beautiful (5) 比較級(jí)+than any other+單數(shù)名詞：表示最高級(jí)意義。 Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.(=Mike is the most intelligent in his class.) (6) 否定詞語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)：表示最高級(jí)含義。如： Nothing is easier than this.(=This is the easiest thing.),Page 9,三、比較等級(jí)的特殊句型,(7) 否定詞語(yǔ)+ soas：表示最高級(jí)含義。如： Nothing is so easy as this. (8) more+形容詞或副詞+than：表示對(duì)同一人或物在不同方面進(jìn)行取舍，意為“與其說(shuō)倒不如”，不論形容詞或副詞的長(zhǎng)短，一律用morethan。如： He is more hungry than tired. (9) no +比較級(jí)+ than：表示對(duì)兩者的否定，意為“和一樣不”，與neithernor或“as+相反意義的形容詞或副詞+as”相當(dāng)。如 Tom is no taller than Mike. =Neither Tom nor Mike is tall. =Tom is as short as Mike.湯姆和邁克都不高(或一樣矮)。 比較：“not+比較級(jí)前+than”表示前者不如后者。 Tom is not taller than Mike.湯姆不比邁克高。,Page 10,四、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的常見修飾語(yǔ),1. 比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ) 表示“稍稍”、“一點(diǎn)”意義的a bit, a little, rather, some, any ； 表示“得多”的 much, far, a great / good deal, a lot； 表示“更加”意義的 still, even, yet ； 表示確定程度的修飾語(yǔ)，如分?jǐn)?shù)或有關(guān)長(zhǎng)度、時(shí)間、重量等名詞詞組通常放在比較級(jí)前，也可由 by 引出而置于比較級(jí)之后。 It is even colder than yesterday. He looks a bit happier now. He is two years younger than me. This bridge is longer than that one by 10 meters. 注：quite, very, so 等不可修飾比較級(jí)。,Page 11,四、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的常見修飾語(yǔ),2. 最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ) 最高級(jí)前可用 the very, the second, (by) far the, nearly, almost, by no means 等修飾。 This is by far the most important. Hainan is Chinas second largest island. This is quite far the most expensive bicycle in the shop.,Page 12,五、形容詞與副詞的比較等級(jí)用法注意,1. 比較級(jí)的基本用法 形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)等級(jí)，即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)主要用于兩者比較，最高級(jí)主要用于多者比較。 2. 不能使用雙重比較等級(jí) 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)時(shí)不能既加詞尾-er，又在其前加more；構(gòu)成最高級(jí)時(shí)不能既在詞尾加-est，又在其前加most，如不能說(shuō)more better, most earliest 等。不過(guò)“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”這樣的形式卻完全可用。如： I am getting fatter and fatter. Were going more and more slowly.,Page 13,五、形容詞與副詞的比較等級(jí)用法注意,3. 使用比較等級(jí)要注意合乎邏輯 請(qǐng)看兩組正誤句： 我的電腦比她的貴。 誤：My computer is more expensive than her 正：My computer is more expensive than hers. 上海人口比中國(guó)其他城市的人口要多。 誤：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any city in China. 正：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any other city in China.,Page 14,五、形容詞與副詞的比較等級(jí)用法注意,4. 比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的常見修飾語(yǔ) 比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)：常見的有far, even, still, a lot, a great deal, a bit, rather, three times, any, no等。如： She felt a great deal more comfortable now. 最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)：常見的有by far, nearly, almost, not quite, second, next 等。如： I want to give my children the very best education I can afford. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 注：very不能修飾比較級(jí)，卻可修飾最高級(jí)，但它與一般的修飾最高的副詞有所不同，即它要放在最高級(jí)前定冠詞之后，而不是之前(另外，second, third, next等也要入在定冠詞之后)。,Page 15,六、比較級(jí)的重要考點(diǎn),1、考查比較等級(jí)的基本用法 1) Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest 2) Of the two coats, Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book. A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive 3) Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one. A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known,Page 16,六、比較級(jí)的重要考點(diǎn),2、在語(yǔ)境中考查比較等級(jí)的用法 1) I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen _. A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst 2) The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest,Page 17,六、比較級(jí)的重要考點(diǎn),2、在語(yǔ)境中考查比較等級(jí)的用法 3) There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is _ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” A. some B. much C. more D. most 4) With April 18s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with _ service for passengers. A. good B. better C. best D. the best,Page 18,六、比較級(jí)的重要考點(diǎn),3、考查“否定詞+a+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu) 1) Your story is perfect. Ive never heard _ before. A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one 2) Did you enjoy yourself at the party? Yes. Ive never been to _ one before. A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 注意：有時(shí)根據(jù)不同語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，也可能沒(méi)有不定冠詞。如： No news could be more delightful to me. I have never drunk better beer.,Page 19,六、比較級(jí)的重要考點(diǎn),4、考查比較等級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ) After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite,Page 20,六、比較級(jí)的重要考點(diǎn),5、考查相似比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 Do you need any help, Lucy? Yes. The job is _ I could do myself. A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than,Page 21,六、比較級(jí)的重要考點(diǎn),6、考查近義比較的區(qū)別 This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _ water and electricity than _ models. A. less; older B. less; elder C. fewer; older D. fewer; elder,Page 22,六、比較級(jí)的重要考點(diǎn),7、考查asas結(jié)構(gòu)的用法及修飾語(yǔ)的位置 1) It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much 2) He speaks English indeed, but of course not _a native speaker. A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than,七 比較級(jí)練習(xí)題,24,1 Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest,25,2 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard_. A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice,26,3 The more he tried to help her, _she seemed to appreciate it. A. less B. the less C. the least D. the lesser,27,4 Frank plays _ Alex. A. a lot more better than B. a lot better than C. much more better than D. much more well than,28,5 This room is _ much larger than that one. A. no B. not a C. no a D. as,29,6 What was his performance like? Oh, it couldnt have been_. A. much wonderful B. more wonderful C. less wonderful D. the most wonderful,30,7 The patient isnt out of danger. He is _than how he was yesterday. A. no better B. worst C. not worse D. not more,31,8 Liu Fang studies much better than _student in his class. A. any B. any other C. the other D. other,32,9 This year the farmers have produced twice _ grain _they did last year. A. as less . as B. fewer . than C. as much . as D. as many . as,33,10 Rather than _to see the film he would prefer _ stay at home. A. go . to B. to go . to C. went . to D. would go . to,34,11 This western restaurant is superior _the one we went to last week. A. than B. to C. as D. for,35,12 When spring comes, it gets _. A. warm and warm B. warm and warmer C. warmer and warmer D. more and more warm,36,13 His father is _than his mother. A. older four years B. as four years older C. four years older D. four years bigger,37,14 I think English is _ than Japanese. A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important,38,15 Of the two cups, he bought _ one. A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D. smaller,八、主謂一致練習(xí)題,Unit 8 主謂一致,1 Economics, several courses of which I have taken thus far, _to be difficult but useful for almost all students. A. prove B. proves C. have been proved D. are proved,Unit 8 主謂一致,2 A thousand miles no longer _much to us today, for modern jets can easily get us to a great distance within a matter of a few hours. A. meant B. means C. mean D. will mean,Unit 8 主謂一致,3 The secretary and treasurer of our company _the meeting. A. were to attend B. are to attend C. is attend D. is to attend,Unit 8 主謂一致,4 Cattle _to graze on the village common. A. are allowed B. is allowed C. allows D. allow,Unit 8 主謂一致,5 Mathematics as well as other subjects _a science. A. was B. is C. are D. belong to,Unit 8 主謂一致,6 Either of these young ladies _ perfectly qualified to teach Greek, Latin and French. A. were B. are C. is D. have been,Unit 8 主謂一致,7 Large quantities of water _cooling purposes. A. are needed for B. is needed to C. are need to D. is need for,Unit 8 主謂一致,8 Copper as well as most metals _. A. is a good conductor B. is a