情緒加工的腦時空動態(tài)機制.ppt

情緒加工的腦時空動態(tài)機制,Spatiotemporal Dynamics for Emotional Processing,美國圣路易斯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院神經(jīng)手術(shù)系腦磁研究中心;羅倩 美國國家衛(wèi)生研究院心理健康研究所;彭聃齡 北京師范大學(xué)認知神經(jīng)科學(xué)與學(xué)習(xí)國家重點實驗室;劉宏艷,關(guān)鍵詞,emotion; 情緒 brain; 大腦 fMRI; 功能磁共振成像 MEG; 腦磁圖技術(shù) spatial; 空間 temporal 時間,研究內(nèi)容,Showing the neural basis for emotional processing at the subliminal level. 閾下情緒加工(相對于閾上水平)的神經(jīng)機制 Spatiotemporal dynamics and func-tional connectivity between regions involved in emotional processing. 參與情緒加工的腦區(qū)之間的動態(tài)時空關(guān)系及功能聯(lián)結(jié) The interaction between emotion and attention. 情緒與注意之間的交互作用,閾上水平與閾下水平下的情緒加工,Can emotional stimuli receive biased processing and this could occur even subliminally？ 情緒刺激是否能夠接受偏見加工以及這是否會在閾下水平發(fā)生？,閾上水平與閾下水平下的情緒加工,A region sensitive to emotional mani-pulation of the subliminal repetition priming effect, the left fusiform gyrus 左梭狀回,對閾下重復(fù)啟動效應(yīng)的情感操縱敏感。 The involvement of the left fusiform gyrus in automatic affective priming effect 左側(cè)梭形回參與了自動化情緒啟動效應(yīng),閾上水平與閾下水平下的情緒加工,Both fMRI and MEG studies shown that even when presented at the subliminal level and unattended, emotional stimuli as distracters to targets are still pro-cessed in the brain (e.g. amygdala and visual cortex). 功能性磁振和腦磁圖的方法表明,當(dāng)呈現(xiàn)閾下水平刺激且未被注意到時,作為目標(biāo)感受的情感刺激仍然在大腦中得以加工（例如杏仁核和視覺皮質(zhì)）,閾上水平與閾下水平下的情緒加工,These studies demonstrated the neural basis for emotional processing at both sub- and supra-luminal level. 情緒加工的神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)同時存在于閾上和閾下兩個水平。 Amygdala and visual cortex are acti-vated even when emotional stimuli are unseen 杏仁核、視覺皮層即使在情緒刺激不可見的情況下也能被激活,情緒加工的腦時空動態(tài)機制,The amygdala is thought to be crucially involved in fast detection of environ-mental threat. 杏仁核被認為是對于環(huán)境威脅的快速偵測的至關(guān)重要的部位。 Dual-route hypothesis by LeDoux(1996) 雙通道假說,情緒加工的腦時空動態(tài)機制,It is proposed that the amygdala re-ceives information on potential threats by two parallel routes: a crude but fast subcortical route thalamusamygdala) and a slower route allowing cortical analysis (thalamussensory cortex amygdala) (LeDoux, 1996) 杏仁核接收潛在威脅的信息有兩條平行通路：一條是粗糙但是快速的皮質(zhì)下通路（丘腦-杏仁核通路），另一條是允許皮質(zhì)分析的慢通路（丘腦-感覺皮層-杏仁核通路）,情緒加工的腦時空動態(tài)機制,SAM，Synthetic Aperture Magneto-metry（合成光圈磁強）：MEG的源模型分析方法 A spatial filtering technique based on the nonlinear constrained minimum-variance beamformer. 合成光圈磁強是一種空間濾波技術(shù),即基于最小方差的非線性約束的波束形成器,實驗,Stimuli:fearful, angry or neutral expressions presented for 300ms followed by a 200ms blank screen. 所用刺激分為恐懼、生氣和中性的表情，呈現(xiàn)300毫秒，緊隨其后呈現(xiàn)一個200毫秒的空白屏幕。 A sliding window SAM analysis enabled us to obtain a spatio-temporal features starting from 150 ms before the stimulus to 500 ms after the stimulus. 我們能獲得一個從刺激前150毫秒開始到刺激后500毫秒結(jié)束的時空特征,實驗,Early event-related synchronizations (ERS) in response to fearful faces Hypothalamus/thalamus area (1020 ms) the amygdala (2030 ms). The ERS response seen to fearful faces in visual cortex (4050 ms) To an angry expressions the ERS response in the amygdala to angry expressions had a late onset (150160 ms),情緒和注意力的交互,Is emotional processing dependent or independent of attentional control? 情緒加工是依賴還是獨立于注意力控制的呢? In Luo (2003, PhD dissertation), using fMRI, I modulated the attentional emand of the task and demonstrated how emo-tional processing although automatic, can also be modulated by attention. 情緒加工盡管處于自動化水平,但其同時也受到注意力的調(diào)制。,實驗,Magnoencephalography and an advanced beamformer source locali-zation technique and the sliding window analysis are ideal for this purpose. 美國國家衛(wèi)生研究所進行了一次腦磁圖實驗。運用到了腦磁圖和高級波束形成源定位技術(shù)以及滑動窗口分析。,實驗,This paradigm involved a 2 (task load: high, low) 2 (distracter: fearful, neutral) design. Each trial involved the participant responding to a stimulus array containing a face (fearful or neutral) 此實驗為一個2（任務(wù)難度：高難度、低難度）2（干擾項：可怕的、中性的）實驗設(shè)計，每一組試驗中都包括了參與者對外界刺激組（其中包含一張恐懼或中性的面孔）的反應(yīng),情緒和注意力的交互,Amygdala automaticity was a function of time. Early amygdala responding to emotional stimuli (40 140ms) was unaffected by attentional load, later amygdala response (280410 ms), subsequent to frontoparietal cortex activity, was modulated by attentional load.,情緒和注意力的交互,The early amygdala response to emo-tional distracters may be automatic. 早期的杏仁核對情緒干擾項的反應(yīng)是可以自動化的 the reduced time for frontoparietal cortex to augment the representational strength of task-relevant stimuli. 額頂葉皮質(zhì)減少時間來增強事件相關(guān)刺激的抽象表現(xiàn)力,情緒和注意力的交互,In contrast,later amygdale response is modulated by task load because frontoparietal cortex has had sufficient time to augment the representation of task-relevant information. 相比之下，后期