青島濱海學(xué)院課程英語(yǔ)課程孫敏副教授.ppt

0,青島濱海學(xué)院精品課程 英語(yǔ)精品課程 孫敏副教授,1,I. Revision：會(huì)話英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)及翻譯方法,會(huì)話英語(yǔ)的主要特點(diǎn)有以下幾點(diǎn)： （1）話題轉(zhuǎn)換快；（2）省略；（3）語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)松散；（4）詞匯覆蓋面廣 翻譯方法：要求譯者盡可能地了解背景知識(shí)，弄清說(shuō)話人的身份以及他們之間的關(guān)系，注意說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣，參閱上下文，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的分析,2,II. New Lesson i. A presentation of the main contents: 一新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯 1. 新聞標(biāo)題的結(jié)構(gòu) 2. 新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn) 3. 新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)標(biāo)題的翻譯技巧 二新聞報(bào)道的翻譯 1. 新聞報(bào)道的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 2. 新聞報(bào)道的翻譯方法,3,ii. A study of the theory in detail: 新聞報(bào)道的特點(diǎn)： 新聞文體涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、外交、科技、宗教、法律、家庭等各個(gè)方面。它強(qiáng)調(diào)“紀(jì)實(shí)性（factualness）,即文章包含了多少 “事實(shí)”或 “信息”。因此，新聞報(bào)刊可以分為三個(gè)層次。第一層次為硬新聞（Pure hard news）,指得是新聞電訊報(bào)道，這類(lèi)新聞紀(jì)實(shí)性最強(qiáng)，講究客觀事實(shí)的報(bào)道。第三層次為軟新聞（pure soft news，紀(jì)實(shí)性最弱，娛樂(lè)性最強(qiáng)，如社會(huì)新聞，雜文小品等。中間層次的各式文章被廣泛稱(chēng)為特寫(xiě)（feature articles）,如專(zhuān)題報(bào)道，采訪，人物介紹，每周專(zhuān)文，各類(lèi)評(píng)述或雜議等。,4,其文章特點(diǎn)是題材新穎，時(shí)效性強(qiáng)，通過(guò)派生、附加、合成、拼綴及縮略等產(chǎn)生的新詞多。譯者必須對(duì)當(dāng)前的國(guó)內(nèi)外時(shí)事有深刻的了解，關(guān)注事態(tài)的發(fā)展，才能勝任新聞翻譯工作。 新聞報(bào)道主要是提供信息和進(jìn)行評(píng)論，具有鮮明的階級(jí)性。新聞報(bào)道取材廣泛，形式活潑，風(fēng)格不一，詞語(yǔ)求新。新聞報(bào)道堅(jiān)持客觀、準(zhǔn)確和及時(shí)的原則。,5,理論,第一節(jié) 新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯 一、新聞報(bào)道的結(jié)構(gòu) 二、新聞報(bào)道的特點(diǎn) 三、新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)標(biāo)題的翻譯技巧 第二節(jié) 新聞報(bào)道的翻譯 一、新聞報(bào)道的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 二、新聞報(bào)道的翻譯方法 第三節(jié) 新聞報(bào)道中某些常用詞的翻譯 一些常用詞的翻譯,6,第一節(jié) 新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯,一、新聞標(biāo)題的結(jié)構(gòu) 新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)標(biāo)題的結(jié)構(gòu)：包括短語(yǔ)式標(biāo)題；句子式標(biāo)題；省略冠詞、連詞、動(dòng)詞式標(biāo)題；標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)替代式標(biāo)題 1短語(yǔ)式標(biāo)題 （1）中心詞（head word）+后置修飾詞（post-modifier） Answers for Developing Nations (The Christian Science Monitor) 發(fā)展中國(guó)家的對(duì)策（基督教科學(xué)箴言報(bào)）,7,A Plan to Tame Population Devil(Washington Post) 馴服人口魔鬼的計(jì)劃（華盛頓郵報(bào)） Chinese Books Exhibited in Paris(Newsweek) 中國(guó)書(shū)展在巴黎（新聞周刊） Measures to curb SARS spread (China Daily) 采取措施，遏制“非典”蔓延（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)）,8,（2）前置修飾語(yǔ)+中心詞 The Color Lines (International Herald Tribune) 膚色界線（國(guó)際先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)） 2句子式標(biāo)題 （1）完全句（complete sentence） MPs Want Tougher Watchdog (The Thames) 議員要求更為嚴(yán)厲的觀察員（泰晤士報(bào)） US Budget Calls for Dollar Devaluation (WP) 美國(guó)預(yù)算要求美元貶值（華盛頓郵報(bào)）,9,Arafat Walks out of the Jordan Peace Talks(IHT) 阿拉法特退出約旦和談（國(guó)際先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)） （2）非完全句（incomplete sentence） When police hide behind the shield of the law (IHT) 警察用法律當(dāng)盾牌的時(shí)候 （國(guó)際先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)） Peking to fire test rocker to South Pacific (The Thames) 中國(guó)將向南太平洋發(fā)射試驗(yàn)導(dǎo)彈（泰晤士報(bào)）,10,3常常省略冠詞、連詞、助動(dòng)詞等 Lives Just Begun Fell Victim To AIDS (Life) 補(bǔ)進(jìn)省去的詞，則可為： The lives which had just begun fell victims to AIDS. 剛剛開(kāi)始的生命淪為艾滋病的犧牲品 4標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用 （1）常用逗號(hào)代替連詞and US Teenagers Work, Spend (New York Times 美國(guó)青少年借打工來(lái)充實(shí)自己的腰包（紐約時(shí)報(bào)）,11,Chinese, US presidents talk over phone (CD) 中美兩國(guó)元首電話交談（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)） （2）常用冒號(hào)表示其后的文字是前面的補(bǔ)充、解釋?zhuān)驗(yàn)榱艘鹱x者的注意。 如： Hot off the Press: Old News (Time) 新聞熱賣(mài)：舊消息（時(shí)代周刊）,12,二新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn),(一)新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)標(biāo)題的詞匯主要有以下個(gè)特點(diǎn)： 1廣泛使用名詞和簡(jiǎn)短小詞 為了節(jié)省空間，標(biāo)題中的虛詞（有時(shí)包括系動(dòng)詞be）都被省略。剩下的主要是實(shí)詞，特別是名詞。 如： The Population Surprise 公眾大為吃驚 Wit and Skill win out 才智和技巧的勝利,13,2使用“時(shí)髦詞” “新”是新聞?wù)Z言的生命，一切新事物、新現(xiàn)象總是首先出現(xiàn)在新聞媒體上，而表達(dá)這些新動(dòng)詞的就是“時(shí)髦詞”，即新詞匯。如：e-commerce (電子商務(wù)), e-machine （電子機(jī)械）, bio-chip（生物芯片）, cyberphobia（恐懼Internet計(jì)算機(jī)世界的人）, bio-pirate 公開(kāi)盜版者 3使用縮略詞和數(shù)字 縮略詞和數(shù)字占的空間小，而信息含量大，在新聞標(biāo)題中出現(xiàn)頻繁。如： Charity Gives $1.8M to NYC Schools 慈善組織向紐約市區(qū)學(xué)校捐贈(zèng)180晚美元。,14,Study Supports Link Between SIDS and Smoking 研究表明嬰幼兒突然死亡綜合癥與吸煙有關(guān) （二）新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)標(biāo)題的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、及修辭特點(diǎn) Oil giant expands further overseas(CD) 石油巨商進(jìn)一步向海外拓展 （中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)） Court Fines Journalist, 20,000 for Silence (Daily Mirror) 新聞?dòng)浾呔芙^向法院提供報(bào)道根據(jù)，法院課以?xún)扇f(wàn)英鎊的罰款,15,Chinese leaders to visit India (CD) 中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將出訪印度 US hostage to be freed in swap（交換） (SE) 美國(guó)人質(zhì)將在人質(zhì)交換中獲釋 2常用過(guò)去分詞表示省略被動(dòng)句，現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行時(shí) Military Aircraft Made Available for Evacuation(NYT) 軍統(tǒng)飛機(jī)用語(yǔ)疏散工作（紐約時(shí)報(bào)）,16,Danube marches halted (The Times) 多瑙河游行受阻（泰晤士報(bào)） Hundreds missing in storm hit India(CD) 暴風(fēng)襲擊印度，數(shù)百人失蹤 3修辭 （1）頭韻或尾韻 Sterling strong (IHT) 英鎊堅(jiān)挺 Hope of the Weak and the Meek （溫順的） (Newsweek) 軟弱者和膽小者的希望 （2）對(duì)比,17,Best of Times, Worst of Times (Time) 美好時(shí)代與艱難歲月 US wins and loses in Iraqi war (CD) 美國(guó)在伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的得與失 （3）譏諷 Democracy of the Big Stick (Newsweek) 大棒民主（新聞周刊） （4）俚語(yǔ)使用 Big bucks (美元) for IT employees (21st Century) 信息行里賺大錢(qián)（21世紀(jì)報(bào)）,18,（6）比喻 Slow lane is safest on currency issue (SE) 在貨幣問(wèn)題上，走慢車(chē)道最安全 （Sunday Express） 其中，slow lane 與fast lane 相對(duì)，原為公路交通術(shù)語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)用來(lái)比喻英國(guó)政府在歐洲貨幣聯(lián)盟問(wèn)題上硬采取的立場(chǎng)。星期日快報(bào)在刊登這條小溪時(shí)，還加了一個(gè)副標(biāo)題：Toss A Coin: monetary union remains a two-sided issue. 其中toss a coin, 原為擲錢(qián)幣，試其落地時(shí)的正反面決定何去何從，這里借來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明英國(guó)政府的態(tài)度。,19,三、新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)標(biāo)題的翻譯技巧,1直譯或基本直譯 當(dāng)英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式與漢語(yǔ)的基本相同時(shí)，可采取直譯，既保存原來(lái)的風(fēng)格，又準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)信息。如： Charity Gives $1.8M to NYC Schools 慈善組織向紐約市區(qū)學(xué)校捐贈(zèng)180晚美元。 Study Supports Link Between SIDS and Smoking 研究表明嬰幼兒突然死亡綜合癥與吸煙有關(guān),20,2意譯 當(dāng)英文標(biāo)題比較隱晦難懂，或難以言傳的英語(yǔ)文化促會(huì)時(shí)，譯者可以不譯原文的標(biāo)題，而在讀懂新聞后自己根據(jù)意思總結(jié)一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題。 3增詞法 根據(jù)新聞內(nèi)容，在標(biāo)題中增加一些詞，使譯文意義更加完整。如： MauritusLifes Beach 毛里求斯生活是陽(yáng)光沙灘 The Language Barrier 產(chǎn)品跨國(guó)銷(xiāo)售中的語(yǔ)言障礙,21,4減詞法 減詞法指減去虛詞、代詞等以使語(yǔ)言精練，還指減去一些次要信息，以突出主要信息。如： The Battle of Human Versus Computers at Chess 人機(jī)象棋大賽 5轉(zhuǎn)換語(yǔ)言形式 翻譯不應(yīng)拘泥與原文的語(yǔ)言形式。翻譯標(biāo)題時(shí)，可以根據(jù)情況變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，變第三人稱(chēng)為第一人稱(chēng)，變陳述句為疑問(wèn)句等。,22,6發(fā)揮漢語(yǔ)優(yōu)勢(shì) 利用漢語(yǔ)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，在標(biāo)題中制造出對(duì)仗、押韻、成語(yǔ)等效果。如： It Takes Determination to Complete One of the Worlds Toughest Car Rallies (重整旗鼓). 只要意志堅(jiān)，不怕遠(yuǎn)征難,23,新聞報(bào)道的翻譯,一、新聞報(bào)道的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 一篇新聞報(bào)道，一般包括標(biāo)題（Title）、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)（Lead）和正文（Body）三部分。,實(shí)踐,24,二、新聞報(bào)道的翻譯方法,1導(dǎo)語(yǔ)的翻譯 導(dǎo)語(yǔ)在即時(shí)性新聞中必不可少，它決定了讀者是否從首句抓住核心內(nèi)容，從而判斷是否繼續(xù)閱讀。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，導(dǎo)語(yǔ)表達(dá)明確，敘述直接，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練。 常見(jiàn)的導(dǎo)語(yǔ)有兩種：標(biāo)簽導(dǎo)語(yǔ)（Label Lead）和摘要導(dǎo)語(yǔ)（Summary Lead）。 標(biāo)簽導(dǎo)語(yǔ)沒(méi)有實(shí)質(zhì)性?xún)?nèi)容，知識(shí)正文的前導(dǎo)或過(guò)渡，但有一定的格式。如：,實(shí)踐,25,Beijing, January 1 (Xinhua)The following is the full text of The Peoples Dailys New Year Message: 新華社北京1月1日電，今天人民日?qǐng)?bào)發(fā)表了新年祝辭，全文如下： 摘要導(dǎo)語(yǔ)系內(nèi)容提要，說(shuō)明該新聞的要點(diǎn)，以引起讀者的注意或興趣。如 SANDAL OF THE BOGUS REFUGEES 80% cheat their way into Britain and the good life. EXCLUSIVE by Alfed Lee and Joanna Bales Four out of five asylum seekers flooding into Britain are bogus, a Sunday Express investigation reveals.,實(shí)踐,26,這是一段署名報(bào)道，除標(biāo)題外，還有副標(biāo)題以及“專(zhuān)文”（或“獨(dú)家新聞”）字樣，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮到。 假難民的丑聞 80的難民靠欺騙手段進(jìn)入英國(guó)，過(guò)上好日子 艾李，瓊貝爾斯專(zhuān)稿 星期日快報(bào)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查披露，在大量涌入英國(guó)尋求避難的人中，4/5是冒充的。 2報(bào)道正文的翻譯 根據(jù)要求可以全譯或編譯,實(shí)踐,27,5P: I have got something wrong with me. God knows I never felt like this before. If I could only be in bed and lie out flat. Id be all right. I think. S: But what do you think it is? P: You tell me. S: Try and sleep, darling. Lean over, way over, this way, put your head here. P: 我覺(jué)得不舒服，以前從沒(méi)有這樣的感覺(jué)，恐怕只能在床上好好躺一躺，才會(huì)好。 S: 你認(rèn)為是什么毛?。?P: 我哪里知道。 S：那就躺下睡一覺(jué)吧，親愛(ài)的?？窟^(guò)來(lái)，就這樣，把頭放在這里。,實(shí)踐,28,（1）全譯 全譯屬篇章翻譯，要遵守篇章翻譯的一般要求，內(nèi)容移譯要正確，句間連接要自然，全篇用詞要統(tǒng)一。 試譯下面一段新聞：,實(shí)踐,29,Labors seven point lead jolt for Premier falls John Major let the election cat out of the bag yesterday when he hinted he was planning a June poll next year. The Premier signaled the way his mind is working after being told of Labors seven per cent lead in the Observer opinion poll. He brushed it aside, declaring: “Well it doesnt matter anywaythere are eight months to go.” (Sunday Express),實(shí)踐,30,工黨領(lǐng)先七個(gè)百分點(diǎn)對(duì)首相的震動(dòng) 約翰梅杰昨日透露大選秘密，暗示計(jì)劃明年6月再測(cè)民意。梅杰首相是在獲悉工黨在觀察家的民意測(cè)驗(yàn)領(lǐng)先7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)之后作此暗示的。他以漠然置之的態(tài)度宣稱(chēng)：“嗯，沒(méi)關(guān)系，還有八個(gè)月呢。” 下面一段文字是聯(lián)合王國(guó)一周的天氣預(yù)報(bào)，按時(shí)間順序逐層介紹，文字自然流暢，樸實(shí)無(wú)華，試譯之：,實(shí)踐,31,UK Outlook THERE Will be a change to cooler weather. Monday will be cloudy with some rain in the North and the West but sunshine and showers elsewhere. As a deep depression moves into northern Scotland on Tuesday rain will spread across all areas with strengthening winds. During Wednesday and Thursday it will be brighter with blustery showers, which could give some snow over Scottish mountains. By then it will be noticeable cooler and fresher in all parts of the country. Further rain and strong winds will continue into the weekend. (Sunday Express, October 13, 1991),實(shí)踐,32,今后一周內(nèi)，氣溫將變得更加涼爽。星期一，北部和西部地區(qū)陰、有雨，其他地區(qū)晴、有陣雨。星期二，隨著一股較強(qiáng)的低氣壓進(jìn)入蘇格蘭北部，全國(guó)各地將普遍降雨，風(fēng)力漸強(qiáng)。星期三和星期四，天氣將更加晴朗，偶有急風(fēng)陣雨，蘇格蘭山區(qū)可能有陣雪。全國(guó)各地將更加清涼。周末，還將有雨和大風(fēng)。（1991年10月13日星期日快報(bào)） （2）編譯 報(bào)刊上登載的新聞大都經(jīng)過(guò)記者或編輯的選編，原文一字不動(dòng)地照登者本不多。選編是一個(gè)濃縮的過(guò)程。新聞工作者有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似于選編。選編有以下幾種做法：,實(shí)踐,33, 譯成標(biāo)題新聞。這是一種濃縮程度極高的處理方法，可選譯報(bào)道中的主題句子（Topic Sentence）,亦可選譯報(bào)道所提供的主要信息。如： Sino-Japanese joint ventures, seven in all, in Nantong, reported profits this year. From January to September, their total output value surpassed 100 million yuan and foreign earnings through export reached more than 10 million yuan. These figures represent a 60 per cent increase over the same period last year. 今年南通市的七家中日合資企業(yè)家家贏利（或：南通市的七家中日合資企業(yè)產(chǎn)值破億元大關(guān)）。,實(shí)踐,34, 譯成簡(jiǎn)明新聞。這是一種概括性較強(qiáng)的處理方法，可選擇其中主要的、讀者可能不叫關(guān)心的信息，原報(bào)道中的評(píng)論或枝節(jié)可略譯。如： WASHINGTON: Two star stock analysts during the 1990s market boomJack Grubman and Henry Blodgetwere fined and barred for good from the industry, regulators announced on Monday. Grubman, a former top telecommunications analyst at Citigroups arm, paid US $15 million to settle allegations that he produced fraudulent, misleading” research reports. He was permanently barred from the securities industry. Former Merrill Lynch Internet analyst Lodget paid US $4 million and also was banned for good from the industry. Blodget and Grubman, two of the Wall Street stars seen as having fuelled the market before the dot-com collapse, did not admit or deny the allegations(主張).,實(shí)踐,35,華盛頓訊 20世紀(jì)90年代升起的兩顆股評(píng)明星杰克格魯伯曼和亨利布洛杰特日前收到此后不得再?gòu)氖鹿稍u(píng)的處罰，并分別課以1500萬(wàn)美元和400萬(wàn)美元的罰款。前者被控發(fā)布“欺騙性、誤導(dǎo)性”研究報(bào)告；后者被控以美林公司的名義發(fā)表欺騙性報(bào)告，此外還發(fā)表； “其觀點(diǎn)與私下表示的否定觀點(diǎn)不一致的研究報(bào)告”。 根據(jù)規(guī)定字?jǐn)?shù)編譯。在遵守有關(guān)字?jǐn)?shù)規(guī)定的前提下，盡可能多地譯出原報(bào)道所提供的信息。 請(qǐng)將下文編譯成160字左右的漢字,實(shí)踐,36,Brand need boost abroad CHINA exports billions of dollars worth computers, DVD players, refrigerators, and other consumers goods every year. Still, few Western consumers have heard of Kejian, Legend, TCL, or any Chinese brand except for Tsingtao beer offered at Chinese restaurant. But, that is starting to change. A few of the countrys major manufacturers, pushed by Chinas World Trade Organization membership, are developing global ambitions. And they are seeking to boost sales and profits by making their names and logos known around the world. The idea is to recreate the success of the Japanese and Koreans, who have built up big brand names with Sony, Samsung and Sanyo. Legend Group, for instance, is Chinas biggest PC maker, but only 7 per cent of its sales are overseas. It now plans a big overseas push, starting in Hong Kong and later moving west. The goal is for international sales to account for 25 per cent of revenues by 2006.,實(shí)踐,37,中國(guó)每年出口數(shù)十億美元的計(jì)算機(jī)、冰箱等產(chǎn)品，但是像“科健”、“聯(lián)想”等品牌在西方仍缺乏知音，只有青島啤酒備受關(guān)愛(ài)。不過(guò)這種情況正在改變。“入世”改變了中國(guó)制造商的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)理念。它們正借鑒日韓的成功之道，在世界各地樹(shù)立自己的品牌?！奥?lián)想”就是一例：到2006年，它的國(guó)際銷(xiāo)售將帶來(lái)的公司收入。,實(shí)踐,38,第三節(jié) 新聞報(bào)道中某些常用詞的翻譯,一一些常用詞的翻譯 在新聞報(bào)道中，有些詞是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的，其用法比較固定，相對(duì)而言，也有比較統(tǒng)一的譯法。如： 1REPORT 試翻譯下述各句： (1) It is reported that a bomb was found yesterday on board an Air India airliner during a stopover at Delhis International Airport. 據(jù)報(bào)道，昨天在一架途經(jīng)印度德里國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)停留的飛機(jī)上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一枚炸彈。,實(shí)踐,39,(2) The Time weekly report says American people have become less confident in George Bush because of sluggish(遲緩的) economy. 美國(guó)時(shí)代周刊報(bào)道說(shuō)，由于美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展遲緩，美國(guó)人對(duì)喬治布什政府越來(lái)越缺乏信心。 (3) Our staff reported from Washington the American dollar had been devalued for the fourth time in six months. 據(jù)我駐華盛頓記者發(fā)回的報(bào)道，近6個(gè)月以來(lái)，美元已連續(xù)4次貶值。,實(shí)踐,40,(4) The Sunday Times reported one of the suspects in connection with the attempted murder gave himself up to the police and named the other two who still were at large. 星期日時(shí)報(bào)報(bào)道，一名涉及殺人的犯罪嫌疑人已向公安部門(mén)投案自首，并供出其他兩名在逃犯的名字。 2QUOTE 對(duì)照英漢句子，注意英語(yǔ)句式結(jié)構(gòu)與漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式的異同。,實(shí)踐,41,（1）The Times quoted a local resident, who spoke on condition of anonymity, as saying racial tension had been building in the area. 泰晤士報(bào)援引一位不透露姓名為講話條件的當(dāng)?shù)鼐呙f(shuō)，該地的種族緊張狀況日趨加劇。 （2）A 64-year-old grandmother was quoted as saying queuing for food, clothes, detergent (洗滌劑), and virtually every other household commodity is a way of life in Romania. 記者援引一位64歲的老太太的話說(shuō)，在羅馬尼亞排隊(duì)購(gòu)買(mǎi)食物、衣服、洗滌劑以及世紀(jì)上其他各種生活用品，已成為家常便飯。,實(shí)踐,42,3 SOURCE (SOURCES) 無(wú)論單數(shù)形式的source 還是復(fù)數(shù)形式的sources,都通常譯為“人士”。如： a reliable source 一位可靠人士 a well-informed source 一位消息靈通人士 a source who asked to remain anonymous 一位要求不披露性命的人士 sources close to the US Secretary of State 接近美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)卿的人士,實(shí)踐,43,4ACCORDING TO 在英語(yǔ)中，有according to 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)一般放在句末，即 post-modifier;擔(dān)在漢譯時(shí)，一般置于句首，即pre-modifier. British Prime Minister Tony Blair and Russian President V. Putin had a face-to-face discussion on a wide-range of Iraq-related issues, notably the role of the United Nation in post-war reconstruction, according to Reuters. 據(jù)路透社消息，英國(guó)首相布萊爾和俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京就與伊拉克有關(guān)的問(wèn)題，特別是聯(lián)合國(guó)在伊戰(zhàn)后重建中的作用，進(jìn)行了面對(duì)面的廣泛討論。,實(shí)踐,44,（2）British airports are no safer now than they were two years ago, according to a high source of the Department of Transport. 據(jù)交通部的一位高級(jí)人士說(shuō)，英國(guó)的機(jī)場(chǎng)不如兩年前那樣安全了。 5. CONFIRM,SAY,SPEAK (1) Sources close to the former Prime Minister confirmed that she would head the anti-federalist Bruges Group, set up by Tory MPs after her speech in Bruges. 接近前首相的人士證實(shí)，她將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不魯日反聯(lián)盟派。該派是她在布魯日會(huì)議上發(fā)表講話之后，由保守黨議員建立的。,實(shí)踐,45,6REVEAL, DISCLOSE 這兩個(gè)詞通常譯為“披露”。 如： (1) Mr. Simons, Rushdies solicitor, disclosed that Mr. Rushdie had made a 100,000 personal contribution towards the cost of the round-the-clock protection. 拉什迪的律師西蒙先生披露，拉什迪先生已拿出10萬(wàn)英鎊的個(gè)人捐款，作為晝夜保護(hù)的費(fèi)用。,實(shí)踐,46,(2) A briefcase containing highly sensitive documents about British operations in Saudi Arabia was stolen. It was revealed last night to the press. But no details were provided. 一個(gè)裝有關(guān)于英軍在沙特阿拉伯行動(dòng)的極敏感文件的手提箱被盜。此事是昨晚向報(bào)界披露的，但沒(méi)有提供詳細(xì)情況。 7WARN Iraq must disarm itself unconditionally and immediately, or be disarmed, warned George W. Bush. 喬治W布什警告說(shuō)，伊拉克必須立即無(wú)條件地解除武裝，否則就一定強(qiáng)行解除武裝。,實(shí)踐,47,Part Two 翻譯實(shí)踐練習(xí),實(shí)踐一 實(shí)踐二 實(shí)踐三,48,實(shí) 踐 一,一、將下列標(biāo)題譯成漢語(yǔ) 二、將下列英文報(bào)刊名稱(chēng)譯成漢語(yǔ) 三、將20世紀(jì)20大新聞譯成漢語(yǔ),49,一、 將下列標(biāo)題譯成漢語(yǔ)： 1. Win or lose, they all scored big (CD) 不管輸贏與否，她們都將大功告捷 2. MPs call time on late nights (EXCLUSIVE,SD) 下院議員要求停止深夜會(huì)議。（星期日快報(bào)獨(dú)家新聞） 3. Sino-foreign co-op, exchange valuable (CD)中外合作與交流十分重要 4. Yeltsin eyes to new Ukraine (SE) 葉利欽承認(rèn)新烏克蘭 5. Caught red-handed in know-how theft case.(SE) 盜竊技術(shù)，當(dāng)場(chǎng)被捉,實(shí)踐,50,6. Tough law to beat graft on the way (CD) 嚴(yán)厲的反貪污法正在起草中 7. Li, Calfa pledge to maintain close ties (CD)李和卡爾法保證繼續(xù)保持密切聯(lián)系 8. 28 accused of pyramid selling (CD) 28人被控告搞傳銷(xiāo) 9. Year of China to life veil in Paris (CD) 巴黎中國(guó)年揭幕在際 10. Nailing the big lie (SE) 戳穿彌天大謊,實(shí)踐,51,二、將下列英文報(bào)刊名稱(chēng)譯成漢語(yǔ)： 1. Businessweek. (商業(yè)周刊) 2. The Christian Science Monitor (基督科學(xué)箴言報(bào)) 3. Daily Mail (每日郵報(bào)) 4. Daily Mirror (每日鏡報(bào)) 5. The Economist (經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家) 6. Far Eastern Economic Review (遠(yuǎn)東經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)論) 7. Financial Times（金融時(shí)報(bào)）,實(shí)踐,52,8. Forbes （福布斯） 9. Fortune （財(cái)富） 10. The Guardian （衛(wèi)報(bào)） 11. National Geographic (國(guó)家地理) 12. The Observer (觀察家) 13. Punch （笨拙） 14. USA Today （今日美國(guó)報(bào)） 15. The Wall Street Journal （華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)）,實(shí)踐,53,三、將20世紀(jì)20大新聞譯成漢語(yǔ)： （Editors note: This evaluation of the centurys top news stories is taken from an American perspective. It is not meant to represent the most important events for Chinese readers, but rather provide another perspective on the 20th century as it draws to a close. 21st-Agencies, March 3,1999 1. United States drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima, Nagasaki: Japan surrenders to end World War II.(1945) （美國(guó)向日本廣島、長(zhǎng)崎投下兩顆原子彈，日本投降，二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束）。(1945),實(shí)踐,54,2. American astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first human to walk on the moon. (1969) （美國(guó)宇航員尼爾阿姆斯特朗成為人類(lèi)史上在月球上行走的第一人。）（1969） 3. Japan bombs Pearl Harbour; United States enters World War II.(1941) (日本轟炸珍珠港，美國(guó)正式介入第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。) （1941） 4. Wilbur and Orville Wright fly the first powered airplane.（1903）(威爾伯和奧維爾 萊特駕駛第一架機(jī)動(dòng)飛機(jī)飛行。（1903）,實(shí)踐,55,5. Women win the vote in the US.(1920) (美國(guó)婦女贏得選舉權(quán))（1920） 6. US President John F. Kennedy assassinated in Dallas. (1963) (美國(guó)總統(tǒng)F肯尼迪在達(dá)拉斯遇刺。) （1963） 7. Horrors of Nazi Holocaust, concentration camps exposed. (1945) (納粹大屠殺和集中營(yíng)的恐怖大白于天下。) （1945） 1. World War I begins in Europe. (1914) (第一次世界大戰(zhàn)在歐洲爆發(fā)。) （1914）,實(shí)踐,56,2. US Supreme Court ruling in Brown vs. Board of Education case ends “separate but equal” school segregation. (1954) 美國(guó)最高法院在布朗狀告教育委員會(huì)一案中裁決，結(jié)束“分離但平等”的學(xué)校種族隔離。(1954) 3. US stock market crashes: The Great Depression sets in. (1929).(美國(guó)股市大崩盤(pán)/暴跌，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條開(kāi)始。) （1929） 4. Alexander Fleming discovers the antibiotic-penicillin. (1928) (，亞歷山大 弗萊明首次發(fā)明抗生素-盤(pán)尼西林。)（ 1928）,實(shí)踐,57,Structure of DNA discovered. (1953) (多樣核糖核酸的構(gòu)成被發(fā)現(xiàn))。（1953） USSR dissolves, Mikhail Gorbachev resigns: Boris Yeltsin takes over.(1991) (前蘇聯(lián)解體，戈?duì)柊蛦谭蜣o職，葉利欽上臺(tái)。)（1991） US President Richard M.Nixon resins after Watergate scandal.(1974)（水門(mén)事件丑聞曝光，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)M理查德尼克松辭職。) (1974) Germany invades Poland: World War II begins in Europe. (1939). (德國(guó)入侵波蘭，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)在歐洲爆發(fā)。) （1939）,實(shí)踐,58,9. Russian revolution (The October revolution)ends.(1917) (俄國(guó)十月革命結(jié)束。)（ 1917） 10.Henry Ford organizes the first major US assembly line to produce motor cars.(1913)(亨利福特率先在美國(guó)組建汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)線。) （1913） 11. Soviet launch Sputnik, first space satellite: space race begins.(1957) (蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射第一顆太空衛(wèi)星-斯普尼克號(hào)，太空競(jìng)賽開(kāi)始。) （1957） 12. Albert Einstein presents special theory of relativity: general relativity theory to follow.(1905) (阿爾伯特愛(ài)因斯坦發(fā)表相對(duì)論。) （1905）阿爾伯特愛(ài)因斯坦提出特殊相對(duì)論：普遍相對(duì)論相繼問(wèn)世。,實(shí)踐,59,US Food and Drug Administration approves birth control pill. (1960) (美國(guó)食物和藥品管理總署正式批準(zhǔn)使用避孕藥藥丸。) （1960）,實(shí)踐,60,實(shí)踐二,一、漢/英互譯 英譯漢一 英譯漢二,返回,61,將下列英語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)： 1. Washington, December 2 (Xinhua)resident George Bushs approval rating with Americans has fallen below 50 per cent for the first time since he took office, according to a poll released on Saturday by Time magazine. The poll of 500 Americans conducted on November 26 found Bushs popularity at 46 per cent. Bushs rating was as high as 91 per cent in some polls during the January-February Gulf War but has steadily declined because of the countrys economic recession. 提示： approval rating 贊成率 take office 就職 conduct a poll 進(jìn)行民意測(cè)驗(yàn) release a poll 公布民意測(cè)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 fall below 50 per cent 下降到50%一下 be as high as 91 per cent 高達(dá)91%,實(shí)踐,62,新華社華盛頓12月2日電 據(jù)星期六時(shí)代周刊公布的民意測(cè)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，美國(guó)人對(duì)布什的贊成率自其就任總統(tǒng)以來(lái)首次下降到50%以下。11月26日在500名美國(guó)人中進(jìn)行了測(cè)驗(yàn)，支持布什的占46%。在1-2月海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間進(jìn)行的幾次民意測(cè)驗(yàn)中，布什的贊成率高達(dá)91%，但隨后由于國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰退而不斷下降。,實(shí)踐,63,2. Greatest minds of the 20th century New York-The Wright Brothers, whose flying machine made the world a smaller place, and Albert Einstein, whose theory of relativity expanded our view of the universe, are among Time magazines picks as the 20th centurys greatest minds. Time singled out 24 men and women responsible for scientific breakthroughs, inventions and innovations that led to such things as the atomic bomb, the airplane, televisions and the World Wide Web. Einstein was the greatest theorist, said the magazine which hit newsstands last week.,實(shí)踐,64,Einstein “discovered, just by thinking about it, the essential nature of the universe,” it said. Among others on the list, the Wright brothers combined Leonardo da Vincis vision of a flying machine with modern science to take man into the air with powered flight, Time said. “Often it was hard to pick one person to credit for a particular advance,” wrote Walter Isaacson, Times managing editor.,實(shí)踐,65,Some cases, for example, involved rivalries such as the competition between Philo Farnsworth and Vladimir Zworykin to invent the television. The magazine picked Farnsworth. Times great minds list also includes chemist Leo Baekeland, who helped found the modern plastics