




已閱讀5頁,還剩24頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀
版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
語言文化論文-淺談非語言交際中的身勢(shì)語摘要“身勢(shì)語”同語言一樣,都是文化的一部分。在不同文化中,身勢(shì)語的意義并不完全相同。各民族有不同的非語言交際方式.例如:不同的民族在談話時(shí),對(duì)雙方保持多大距離才合適有不同的看法;談話雙方身體接觸的次數(shù)多少因文化不同而各異;在目光接觸這一方面也有許多規(guī)定:看不看對(duì)方,什么時(shí)候看,看多久,什么人可以看,什么人不可以看;在某些場(chǎng)合下,在中國和講英語的國家無論微笑還是大笑,通常表示友好贊同滿意高興愉快,但是在某些場(chǎng)合,中國人的笑會(huì)引起西方人的反感;打手勢(shì)時(shí)動(dòng)作稍有不同,就會(huì)與原來的意圖有所區(qū)別,對(duì)某種手勢(shì)理解錯(cuò)了,也會(huì)引起意外的反應(yīng)等等。因此,要用外語進(jìn)行有效的交際,在說某種語言時(shí)就得了解說話人的手勢(shì),動(dòng)作,舉止等所表示的意思。而有些權(quán)威人士認(rèn)為兩者相互依存。在大多數(shù)情況下這是對(duì)的。在某些情況下,人體動(dòng)作與所說的話不一致,口頭說的與身勢(shì)語表達(dá)的意思不一樣。這時(shí)要借助其他信息或從整個(gè)情況中猜測(cè)說話人的意思,從某種意義上說,一切身勢(shì)語都要放在一定的情景下去理解;忽視了整個(gè)情景就會(huì)發(fā)生誤解。而通過中美身勢(shì)語對(duì)比研究表明,兩者有相似的地方,也有差異的地方,說明了解另一種語言中身勢(shì)語的重要性??梢?,真正掌握兩種語言的人在換用另一種語言說話時(shí)也要換用另一種身勢(shì)語。這樣才能達(dá)到更好的交際效果。關(guān)鍵詞:非語言交際身勢(shì)語不同文化不同方式BodyLanguageonNonverbalCommunicationAbstract“Bodylanguage”,likeourverballanguage,isalsoapartofourculture.Butnotallbodylanguagemeansthesamethingindifferentcultures.Differentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofmakingnonverbalcommunication.Forexample:differentpeoplehavedifferentideasabouttheproperdistancebetweenpeopleconversing;theappropriatenessofphysicalcontactvarieswithdifferentcultures;onecoulddrawupquitealistof“rules”abouteyecontact:tolookornottolook;whentolookandhowlongtolook;whoandwhonottolookat;smilesandlaughterusuallyconveyfriendliness,approval,satisfaction,pleasure,joyandmerriment,and,thisisgenerallytrueinChinaaswellastheEnglish-speakingcountries,however,therearesituationswhensomeChinesewilllaughthatwillcausenegativereactionsbywesterners;gesturescanbeparticularlytroublesome,foraslightdifferenceinmakingthegestureitselfcanmeansomethingquitedifferentfromthatintended,and,awronginterpretationofagesturecanarousequiteunexpectedreactionsandsoon.Soinordertocommunicateeffectivelyinaforeignlanguage,oneshouldknowalsothegestures,bodymovements,mannerismsandetc.thataccompanyaparticularlanguage.Someauthoritiesfeelthatthetwoaredependentoneachother.Thisiscertainlytrueinmostsituations.Butitisalsotruethatincertainsituationsbodyactioncontradictswhatisbeingsaid,justasthespokenwordsmaymeansomethingquitedifferentfromwhatbodylanguagecommunicates.Whenthisoccurs,onemusttrytogetfurtherinformation,orguessthemeaningfromthecontextofthesituation.Inasense,allbodylanguageshouldbeinterpretedwithinagivencontext;toignoretheoverallsituationcouldbemisleading.AcomparativestudyofChineseandAmericanbodylanguageshowsanumberofsimilaritiesanddiversitiesofbodylanguage.Itshowstheimportanceofknowingthespecificgesturesthatgowithalanguage.Observationshowsthatatrulybilingualpersonswitcheshisbodylanguageatthesametimeheswitcheslanguages.Thismakescommunicationeasierandbetter.Keywords:nonverbalcommunicationbodylanguagedifferentculturedifferentwaysContents1.Introduction12.Thenecessityandimportanceoflearningbodylanguageonnonverbalcommunication23.Theconcretetypesandapplicationofthebodylanguage33.1Typesofbodylanguage33.1.1Distancebetweenpeopleconversing33.1.2Physicalcontact33.1.3Eyecontact43.1.4Smilesandlaughter63.1.5Gestures63.2Applicationofthebodylanguage63.2.1Greetings63.2.2Signsofaffection83.2.3Physicalcontactinlife83.3AcomparativestudyofChineseandAmericanbodylanguage94.Conclusion121.IntroductionWhenaChineseconverseswithaCanadianorAmericanfriendoftheoppositesex,woulditbeindecenttobelookingattheotherperson?Iftwoyoungfriendsofthesamesexwalkwiththeirarmsaroundeachothersshouldersorholdhands,wouldthisberegardedbyEnglish-speakingpeopleasproper?Doesnoddingtheheadmean“yes”,andshakingtheheadmean“no”inallcultures?Therearenotquestionsaboutlanguage,butaboutbodylanguage,aboutnonverbalcommunication.Nonverbalcommunication,composedofpictures,dresses,eyecontact,spatialsignals,gesturesandsoon,isasimportantasverbalcommunication.Peoplecommunicateinmanydifferentways.Oneofthemostimportantways,ofcourse,isthroughlanguage.Moreover,whenlanguageiswrittenitcanbecompletelyisolatedfromthecontextinwhichitoccurs;itcanbetreatedasifitwereanindependentandself-containedprocess.Likeallanimals,peoplecommunicatebytheiractionsaswellasbythenoisestheymake.Itisasortofbiologicalanomalyofmansomethinglikethegiraffesneck,orthepelicansbeakthatourvocalnoiseshavesoforoutgrowninimportanceandfrequencyallourothermethodsofsignalingtooneanother.Languageisobviouslyessentialforhumanbeings,butitisnotthewholestoryofhumancommunication.Notbyalongshot.Thestudyofnonverbalcommunicationshouldbecomplementarytothestudyoflanguage.Theunderstandingofoneshouldbehelpfulinthefurtherunderstandingoftheother.Someauthoritiesfeelthatthetwoaredependentoneachother.Thisiscertainlytrueinmostsituations.Butitisalsotruethatincertainsituationbodyactioncontradictswhatisbeingsaid,justasthespokenwordsmaymeansomethingquitedifferentfromwhatnonverbalcommunicationcommunicates.Whenthisoccurs,onemusttrytogetfurtherinformation,orguessthemeaningfromthecontextofthesituation.Inacase,allnonverbalcommunicationshouldbeinterpretedwithinagivencontext;toignoretheoverallsituationcouldbemisleading.2.ThenecessityandimportanceoflearningbodylanguageonnonverbalcommunicationAlthoughwemaynotrealizeit,whenweconversewithotherswecommunicatebymuchmorethanwords.Byourexpressions,gesturesandotherbodymovementswesendmessagestothesearoundusasmileandanoutstretchedhandshowwelcome.Aformisasignofdispleasure.Noddingonesheadmeansagreement“Yes”.Wavinganoutstretchedhandwithopenpalmisthegesturefor“goodbye”.Leaningbackinonesseatandyawningatatalkorlectureshowslackofinterest,boredom.Thesegestureshavecometobeacceptedingeneralashavingthemeaningsmentioned,atlasttoChineseandAmericans.Therearepartsofthewayinwhichwecommunicate.This“bodylanguage”,likeourverballanguage,isalsoapartofourculture.Butnotallbodylanguagemeansthesamethingindifferentcultures.Differentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofmakingnonverbalcommunication.Theanswerstothequestionsatthebeginningofthischapterareall“no”.Evennoddingtheheadmayhaveadifferentmeaning.ToNepalese,SriLankans,someIndiansandsomeEskimositmeansnot“yes”,but“no”.Soinordertocommunicateeffectivelyinaforeignlanguage,oneshouldknowalsothegestures,bodymovements,mannerismsandetc.thataccompanyaparticularlanguage.Bodylanguageisanimportantmediathroughwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.Itreferstothepatternsoffacialexpressionsandgesturesthatpeopleusetoexpresstheirfeelingsincommunication.ThespecialistonbodylanguageresearchFen.Lafle.Angles,oncesaid:Onceitwaslost,ababycouldnthavegrownintoanormalperson.Itsalsotruetothejuveniles.Inschooleducation,bodylanguageplaysapositiveroleincultivatingthestudentscharacters.3.Theconcretetypesandapplicationofthebodylanguage3.1Typesofbodylanguage3.1.1DistancebetweenpeopleconversingWatchanArabandanEnglishmaninconversa
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 美年大健康客服體系優(yōu)化與服務(wù)提升
- 造口護(hù)理步驟流程
- 學(xué)前教育五大領(lǐng)域?qū)嵺`
- 肛周膿腫與肛瘺超聲診斷
- 治具設(shè)計(jì)培訓(xùn)體系構(gòu)建
- 運(yùn)動(dòng)健康小常識(shí)
- 硬膜下出血護(hù)理
- 健康促進(jìn)學(xué)校創(chuàng)建工作匯報(bào)
- 2025年抗毒素類生物制品項(xiàng)目提案報(bào)告
- 書法教學(xué)匯報(bào)課件
- 浙江省杭州市西湖區(qū)2025屆數(shù)學(xué)七年級(jí)第一學(xué)期期末考試試題含解析
- 醫(yī)院信息機(jī)房運(yùn)維服務(wù)項(xiàng)目需求
- 2024年重慶育才中學(xué)九年級(jí)6月中考英語模擬試題
- 有趣的漢字甲骨文演變完整模板
- 配電室設(shè)備檢查及操作
- 中班-社會(huì)語言-好鄰居-課件(互動(dòng)版)
- MOOC 通信原理-南京郵電大學(xué) 中國大學(xué)慕課答案
- (完整版)曲臂式高空作業(yè)車安全技術(shù)交底
- 醫(yī)院員工網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全培訓(xùn)
- JT-T-480-2002交通工程土工合成材料 土工格柵
- 國企招聘中層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)筆試試題
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論