2011年職稱英語理工閱讀理解50篇.doc.doc

第一篇FordAbandonsElectricVehiclesTheFordmotorcompanysabandonmentofelectriccarseffectivelysignalstheendoftheroadforthetechnology，analystssayGeneralMotors。andHondaceasedproductionofbatterypoweredcarsin1999,tofocusonfuelcellandhybridelectricgasolineengines,whicharemoreattractivetotheconsumerFordhasnowannounceditwilldothesameThreeyearsagothecompanyintroducedtheThinkCitytwoseatercarandagolfcartcalledtheTHINK,orThinkNeighborIthopedtosell5，000carseachyearand10，000cartsButalackofdemandmeansonlyaboutl，000ofthecarshavebeenproduced，andlessthan1。700cartshavebeensoldsofarin2002“Thebottomlineiswedontbelievethatthisisthefutureofenvironmenttransportforthemassmarket”TimHolmesofFordEuropesaidonFriday“Wefeelwehavegivenelectricourbestshot”TheThinkCityhasarangeofonlyabout53milesanduptoasix-hourbatteryrechargetimeGeneralMotorsEVIelectricvehiclealsohadalimitedrange。ofabout100milesTheveryexpensivebatteriesalsomeanelectriccarscostmuchmorethanpetrol-poweredalternativesAnelectricToyotRAV4EVvehiclecostsover$42，000intheUS,comparedwithjust$17，000forthepetrolversionToyotaandNissanarenowtheonlymajorautomanufacturerstoproduceelectricvehicles“ThereisafeelingthatbatteryelectrichasbeengivenitschanceFordnowhastomoveonwithitshybridprogram“，andthatiswhatwewillbejudgingthemon，”RogerHigman，aseniortransportcampaigneratUKFriendsoftheEarth，toldtheEnvironmentNewsServiceHybridcarsintroducedbyToyotaandHondainthepastfewyearshavesoldwellHybridenginesOfferGreatermileagethanpetrolonlyengines,andthebatteriesrechargethemselves.Fordsaysitthinkssuchvehicleswillhelpitmeetplannednewguidelines“onvehicleemissions”intheU.S.However,itisnotyetclearexactlywhatthoseguidelineswillpermitInJune，GeneralMotorsandDaimlerChryslerwonacourtinjunction，delayingbytwoyearsCalifornianlegislationrequiringcarmakerstooffer100，000zero-emissionandotherlowemissionvehiclesinthestateby2003Carmanufacturershopethelegislationwillberewrittentoallowformorelow-emission，ratherthanzeroemission，vehicles1WhathavetheFordmotorcompanyGeneralMotorsandHondadoneconcerningelectriccars?A)TheyhavestartedtoproduceelectriccarsB)TheyhavedoneextensiveresearchonelectricCarsCTheyhavegivenupproducingelectriccarsD)TheyhaveproducedthousandsofelectricCars2AccordingtoTimHolmesofFordEurope，battery-poweredcarsA)willbethemaintransportationvehiclesinthefutureB)willnotbethemaintransportationvehiclesinthefutureC)willbegoodtotheenvironmentinthefutureD)willreplacepetrolpoweredvehiclesinthefuture3.Whichautomanufacturersarestillproducingelectricvehicles?A)ToyotaandNissanB)GeneralMotorsandHondaC)FordandToyotaD)HondaandToyota4Accordingtotheeighthparagraph，hybridcarsA)offerfewermileagethanpetroldrivencarsB)runfasterthanpetroldrivencarsC)runmoremilesthanpetroldrivencarsD)offermorebatteriesthanpetroldrivencars5Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthehopeofcarmanufacturersaccordingtothelastparagraph?A)Low-emissioncarsshouldbebannedB)Onlyzero-emissioncarsareallowedtorunonmotorwaysC)ThelegislationwillencouragecarmakerstoproducemoreelectriccarsD)Thelegislationwillallowmore10wemissiontobeproduced2011年新增第二篇WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredictInafindingthatmayspeedeffortstoconserveoil,scientistsinKuwaitpredictthatworldconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014.ThispredictionisalmostadecadeearlierthansomeotherpredictionsTheirstudyisinACSEnergyFuels1IbrahimNashawiandcolleaguespointoutthatrapidgrowthinglobaloilconsumptionhassparkedagrowinginterestinpredictingpeakoilPeakoilisthepointwhereoilproductionreachesamaximumandthendeclines.Scientistshavedevelopedseveralmodelstoforecastthispoint,andsomeputthedateat2020orlater.OneofthemostfamousforecastmodelsiscalledtheHubbertmodel2.Itassumesthatglobaloilproductionwillfollowabellshapedcurve3.Arelatedconceptisthat4ofPeakOil.ThetermPealOilindicatesthemomentinwhichworldwideproductionWillpeak,afterwardstostartonirreversibledeclineTheHubbertmodelaccuratelypredictedthatoilproductionwouldpeakintheUnitedStatesin1970.ThemodelhassincegainedinpopularityandhasbeenusedtoforecastoilproductionworldwideHowever,recentstudiesshowthatthemodelisinsufficienttoaccountfor5morecomplexoilproductioncyclesofsomecountriesThosecyclescanbeheavilyinfluencedbytechnologychanges,politics,andotherfactors,thescientistssay.ThenewstudydescribesdevelopmentofanewversionoftheHubbertmodelthatprovidesamorerealisticandaccurateoilproductionforecastUsingthenewmodel,thescientistsevaluatedtheoilproductiontrendsof47majoroil-producingcountries,whichsupplymostoftheworldsconventionalcrudeoil6Theyestimatedthatworldwideconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014,yearsearlierthananticipated.Thescientistsalsoshowedthattheworldsoilreserves7arebeingreducedatarateof2.1percentayear.Thenewmodelcouldhelpinformenergy-relateddecisionsandpublicpolicydebate,theysuggest.詞匯：Conservev保護，保存crudeoil原油sparkv閃耀；激發(fā)；鼓舞curven曲線irreversibleadj不可逆的，不可改變的insufficientadj.充分的，不足的注釋：1ACSEnergy&Fuels：ACS是AmericanChemicalSociety(美國化學學會)的縮寫。該學會成立于l876年，現(xiàn)已成為世界最大的科技協(xié)會。多年來，ACS一直致力于為全球化學研究機構、企業(yè)及個人提供高品質的文獻資訊及服務。ACS出版的期刊有34種，這些期刊在化學領域中是被引用次數(shù)最多的化學期刊，EnergyFuels即是其中一本。2theHubbertmodel：赫伯特模型是美國地質學家MKingHubbert于1956年創(chuàng)建的，這是一個隨時間增長的模型，Hubbert將其引入油氣田開發(fā)，經推導使其成為一個可以預測油氣田累積產量、瞬時產量、年產量和可采儲量等多項開發(fā)指標的多功能預測模型。3abellshapedcurve：鐘形曲線4thatofpeakoil：that指代concept。5accountfor：說明，解釋6conventionalcrudeoil：常規(guī)原油7oilreserves：石油儲量。通常使用復數(shù)形式reserves。練習：1Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothewordsparkedappearinginparagraph2?AflashedBstimulatedCchangedDended2Thetermabellshapedcurveappearinginparagraph2indicatesthatglobaloilproductionwillAtaketheshapeofaflatcurveBkeepgrowingCkeepdecliningDstarttodeclineafterglobaloilproductionpeaks3WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheHubbertmodel?AItsuccessfullypredictedthatoilproductionpeakedintheUSinl970BIthasbeenusedtopredictoilproductioninmanycountriesCItisinsufficienttoexplainoilproductioncyclesinsomecountriesDItprovidesaveryrealisticandaccurateoilproduction4Whatisthemajorachievementofthenewstudymentionedinthelastparagraph?AItpredictsglobaloilproductionwillpeakin2014BItpredictsoilproductionwilldeclinein47countriesCItconfirmsfurthertheeffectivenessoftheHubbertmodelDItdiscoversanewtrendofWorldwideoilproduction5WhodevelopthenewversionoftheHubbertmodel?AAmericanscientistsBKuwaitiscientistsCBritishscientistsDScientistsof47majoroil-producingcountries答案與題解：1Bspark一詞做及物動詞使用時有發(fā)動、激發(fā)的意思，在此意為stimulated，即引發(fā)，這個句子的意思是：全球石油消費的快速增長已引發(fā)了對石油峰值預測的興趣。2D此句接下來的句子中所提到的arelatedconcept即是與abellshapedcurve相關的概念，也就是說，接下來的這個句子對abellshapedcurve做了解釋，即世界石油生產達到最大峰值后將下降。3D文章的第三段告訴我們，Hubbert預測模型精確地預測到美國石油生產于1970年將達到峰值。這一模型自受到公認后，已用于預測世界石油生產。第四段說，這一模型對于某些國家更加復雜的石油生產周期而言，其計算尚不充分。這些生產周期受到技術的改變、政策和其他因素的很大影響。所以，A、B和C都是對Hubbert模型的正確說明。4A選項8、C和D所述內容均未在文章中提到。最后一段告訴我們，科學家使用新的模型評估了47個主要的產油國家的石油生產趨勢，并預計全球常規(guī)原油生產到2014年將達最高峰值。所以，A是答案。5B短文第一段的第一個句子提供了答案。第3篇CitizenScientistsUnderstandinghownaturerespondstoclimatechangewillrequiremonitoringkeylifecycle1events-flowering,theappearanceofleaves,thefirstfrogcallsofthespring-allaroundtheworld.Butecologistscantbeeverywheresotheyreturningtonon-scientists,sometimescalledcitizenscientists,forhelp.Climatescientistsarenotpresenteverywhere.Becausetherearesomanyplacesintheworldandnotenoughscientiststoobserveallofthem,theyreaskingforyourhelpinobservingsignsofclimatechangeacrosstheworld.Thecitizenscientistmovementencouragesordinarypeopletoobserveaveryspecificresearchinterest-birds,trees,flowersbudding,etc.-andsendtheirobservationstoagiantdatabasetobeobservedbyprofessionalscientists.Thishelpsasmallnumberofscientiststrackalargeamountofdatathattheywouldneverbeabletogatherontheirown.Muchlikecitizenjournalistshelpinglargepublicationscoverahyper-localbeat2,citizenscientistsarereadyfortheconditionswheretheylive.Allthatsneededtobecomeoneisafewminuteseachdayoreachweektogatherdataandsendit3in.AgroupofscientistsandeducatorslaunchedanorganizationlastyearcalledtheNationalPheonology4Network.Phenologyiswhatscientistscallthestudyofthetimingofeventsinnature.Oneofthegroupsfirsteffortsreliesonscientistsandnon-scientistsaliketocollectdataaboutplantfloweringandleafingeveryyear.Theprogram,calledProjectBudBurst,collectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommonplantsfromacrosstheUnitedStates.Peopleparticipatingintheproject-whichisopentoeveryone-recordtheirobservationsontheProjectBudBurstwebsite.Peopledonthavetobeplantexperts-theyjusthavetolookaroundandseewhatsintheirneighborhood,saysJenniferSchwartz,aneducationconsultantwiththeproject.Aswecollectthisdata,wellbeabletomakeanestimateofhowplantsandeommunities5ofplantsandanimalswillrespondastheclimatechanges.詞匯：Frogn.蛙Ecologistn.生態(tài)學家Phenologyn.物候學Budv.發(fā)芽，萌芽；n.芽，花蕾Neighbor(u)rhoodn.近鄰；鄰近地區(qū)Databasen.數(shù)據(jù)庫Professionaladj.專業(yè)的，職業(yè)的；n.職業(yè)選手，專業(yè)人員注釋：1.lifecycle：生命周期，即生物發(fā)展過程的系列變化。2.hyper-localbeat:beat在此做名詞用，意思是：某類新聞報道，如，abusinessbeat；商業(yè)專題報道。這是近年來出現(xiàn)的新詞。Hyper-localbeat即hyper-localnews，指的是被傳統(tǒng)新聞報道方式所忽略的小型社區(qū)或居民居住區(qū)里發(fā)生的相關信息報道。在美國由此而誕生了hyper-localnewswebsite，專門對主流媒體所沒有覆蓋的地區(qū)所發(fā)生的事件進行報道，其形式多以網民，即短文中所提及的citizenjournalists，上傳所在社區(qū)發(fā)生的事件報道、照片或視頻為主。這是網絡時代產生的又一新生事物。3.data是復數(shù)形式，但常用做單數(shù)，所以這里的代詞是it。另參見最后一段“Aswecollectthisdata,.”。這里的data也用作單數(shù)。4.phenology：物候學或生物氣候學，是氣候學和生態(tài)學的邊緣學科，主要研究氣候環(huán)境對生物的影響。5.communities：生態(tài)學詞匯：生物群落，記載比較相似的環(huán)境條件下在特定自然區(qū)域或環(huán)境中生活和互相影響的一群植物和動物。練習：1.Ecologiststurntonon-scientistcitizensforhelpbecausetheyneedthemA)toprovidetheirpersonallifecycles.B)toobservethelifecycleofplants.C)tocollectdataofthelifecycleoflivin