自考英語(yǔ)二串講資料 .doc.doc

. 自考 英語(yǔ)二串講資料 1、考試預(yù)測(cè)及備考指南 （一）考試預(yù)測(cè) 1此次考試會(huì)不會(huì)考書(shū)上的內(nèi)容？占的比例大概有多大？ 根據(jù)最近兩年英語(yǔ)（二）的出題情況，似乎已經(jīng)形成了一個(gè)規(guī)律：下半年考書(shū)上的內(nèi)容較多，第一、四、五、六大題幾乎全部出自下冊(cè)教材，分值占到 45 分。 2006 年下半年會(huì)不會(huì)仍然沿襲這一趨勢(shì)呢？我認(rèn)為不會(huì)。教材所占比例應(yīng)該和 05 年下半年相似，所以 復(fù)習(xí)仍應(yīng)以教材為主 ，熟讀課文，多做從教材上出的模擬題，力爭(zhēng)準(zhǔn)確快速地完成與教材有關(guān)的幾個(gè)大題，并為其他大題節(jié)約時(shí)間。 2 A課文和 B 課文各占多大比例？英語(yǔ)（ 二）中英語(yǔ)（一）占多大的比例？ 無(wú)論是英語(yǔ)（一）還是英語(yǔ)（二），都主要以考 A 課文為主 ， B 課文的句子一般只出現(xiàn)在第一、第四和第五大題中，最多占十分。在某些年份的英語(yǔ)（二）考題中，課文比重本來(lái)就占得很少的，幾乎沒(méi)有 B 課文的內(nèi)容 。英語(yǔ)（二）一般不直接考英語(yǔ)（一）課文中的句子，只是涉及基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法和一些常見(jiàn)的單詞。 3漢譯英一般從教材什么地方選句子 ? 英語(yǔ)（二）的第六大題即漢譯英主要以書(shū)上的句子為主。其出處包括 A 課文、 A課文后的 Word Study、 Explanatory Notes 中的例句、與課文有關(guān)的漢譯 英練習(xí)及語(yǔ)法練習(xí)。如果考生沒(méi)有時(shí)間一一復(fù)習(xí)，可以以前兩項(xiàng)為主。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)不能光翻一翻，一帶而過(guò)，一定要?jiǎng)庸P做，務(wù)必使自己的譯文和書(shū)上的譯文盡可能接近。 4語(yǔ)法主要考哪些項(xiàng)目？ 英語(yǔ)（二）最常考的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目包括：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、比較級(jí)、語(yǔ)序、主謂一致、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、基本句型。 * 最?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 * 最?？嫉姆侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)名詞作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 * 最?？嫉奶摂M 語(yǔ)氣：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句和主句。 * 最?？嫉亩ㄕZ(yǔ)從句： where 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句、名詞 /代詞 + of + which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 * 名詞性從句： what, whether 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句、 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。 * 狀語(yǔ)從句： now that, in that, in case, as, while 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。 5哪些詞最有可能考單詞拼寫(xiě)？ 嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)，只要是考綱中包括的詞都有可能出現(xiàn)在單詞拼寫(xiě)大題中，但是從歷年考題可以看出，某些詞的命中率要高于其它詞， 有些詞甚至反復(fù)考過(guò)，這說(shuō)明考生在背單詞的時(shí)候還是可以在全面覆蓋的基礎(chǔ)之上突出重點(diǎn)、提高效率的。在這里我們不可能一一羅列重要的詞匯，下面是我總結(jié)的英語(yǔ)（二）?？紗卧~的特點(diǎn)： * 絕大部分是長(zhǎng)度在 5-8 個(gè)字母之間的中等難度的詞，如： victim, gesture 等； * 拼寫(xiě)和讀音不完全對(duì)稱(chēng)的詞，如： dumb, subtle 等。 * 個(gè)別非常簡(jiǎn)單、但課文中不是很常見(jiàn)的名詞，如： tube。 * 從詞性上來(lái)看，最?？嫉囊来问敲~、形容詞、動(dòng)詞、和副詞。 在復(fù)習(xí)這些單詞時(shí)，一定要以考試大綱為準(zhǔn)，而 不能只背教材后面的生詞表。一方面，教材后面的生詞表中包含了不少超剛詞，完全不會(huì)考到；另一方面，對(duì)英語(yǔ)（二）來(lái)說(shuō)，從下冊(cè)教材生詞表中出的單詞只占三分之一，不可能涵蓋所有要考的內(nèi)容。同樣在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)一定要講究準(zhǔn)確性，確保背一個(gè)記準(zhǔn)一個(gè)，而不能只是記個(gè)大概，最后寫(xiě)出來(lái)每個(gè)都差不多但每個(gè)都有錯(cuò)。 （二）復(fù)習(xí)建議 針對(duì)上述預(yù)測(cè)，我們?nèi)绾沃贫_刺階段的復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃呢？下面是我推薦的三步復(fù)習(xí)法。 1第一步，應(yīng)該抽出半個(gè)月到二十天的時(shí)間，把書(shū)上可能考到的內(nèi)容好好地總結(jié)一下。課文中涉及. 的重要的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，如帶虛擬語(yǔ)氣、獨(dú)立 主格的句子，接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，倒裝句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，what, that, whether 引導(dǎo)的從句等，最好都分類(lèi)摘抄下來(lái)。 2做完整理工作后，應(yīng)該進(jìn)入下一步，即通過(guò)一定量的模擬訓(xùn)練來(lái)熟悉考試題型、提高實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力。模擬訓(xùn)練應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： （ 1） 做題時(shí)，一定要獨(dú)立完成。不管做題的過(guò)程多么困難，都要硬著頭皮去做，只有這樣才能在考場(chǎng)上發(fā)揮自如。 （ 2）保持一定的頻率也很重要。至少一周應(yīng)該完成兩套題，否則達(dá)不到強(qiáng)化的效果。 （ 3）及時(shí)總結(jié)。如果做完幾套題后反復(fù)出現(xiàn)同樣的錯(cuò)誤，一定要請(qǐng)老師對(duì)相關(guān)內(nèi)容作詳 細(xì)的講解，并針對(duì)性地多做鞏固練習(xí)，直到問(wèn)題得到真正的解決。 （ 4）做完十套左右的模擬題后，應(yīng)該再做幾套最近幾年的真題。這時(shí)你可以對(duì)自己的實(shí)際水平有一個(gè)比較準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)。哪些方面是你的長(zhǎng)處，哪些方面還存在薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，并利用最后一兩周的時(shí)間來(lái)進(jìn)行彌補(bǔ)。 （ 5）除了做題，這三個(gè)月期間應(yīng)該天天堅(jiān)持的是背單詞。每天抽出半個(gè)小時(shí)至一個(gè)小時(shí)，把大綱詞匯包括后面的詞組至少?gòu)念^至尾完整地過(guò)一遍，有可能考拼寫(xiě)的重點(diǎn)單詞要?jiǎng)庸P抄寫(xiě)，常用活用的詞要記搭配，容易混淆的詞放在一起進(jìn)行比較。 3最后一周的總復(fù)習(xí)?？荚嚽暗淖詈笠恢軕?yīng) 該再來(lái)一次全面的總復(fù)習(xí)。復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容包括第一步中抄下來(lái)的課文中的重點(diǎn)句子、第二步作題時(shí)紀(jì)錄下來(lái)的常出錯(cuò)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)，重點(diǎn)的單詞，和總結(jié)出來(lái)的答題技巧。如果還有時(shí)間，也可以把最后做過(guò)的真題再做一遍。相信經(jīng)過(guò)精心的計(jì)劃和充分的準(zhǔn)備，此刻的你一定成竹在胸，勝券在握了。 2、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)講解 1動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一覽表 時(shí)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) do are done did were done will do will be done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) are doing are being done were doing were being done will be doing 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 將來(lái)完成時(shí) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) have done have been done had done had been done will have done will have been done 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) have been doing 1 1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志： so far， by now/ up to now， for three years， since 1995， in the past two decades . 1.2 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去的過(guò)去。 1） said, reported, thought 等引導(dǎo)的間接引語(yǔ)中。 He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. 2） hardlywhen, no sooner than句型中表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 No sooner had he got up than he received the call. 3）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中 If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 1.3 完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，沒(méi)有間斷。漢語(yǔ)提示語(yǔ)：一直 The water has been running the whole night. 1.4 過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的事，不考慮與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。 過(guò)去時(shí)的標(biāo)志： yesterday， in 1995， last week， in the nineteenth century， five years ago 等等。 2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 2.1 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一覽表 置： 英語(yǔ)二串講資料 (3)當(dāng)前位 1、考試預(yù)測(cè)及備考指南（一）考試預(yù)測(cè) 1此次考試會(huì)不會(huì)考書(shū)上的內(nèi)容？占的比例大概有多大？ 根據(jù)最近兩年英語(yǔ)（二）的出題情況，似 乎已經(jīng)形成了一個(gè)規(guī)律：下半年考書(shū)上的內(nèi)容較多，第一、四、五、六大題幾 一 般 式 doing 主動(dòng) , 正在進(jìn)行 被 動(dòng) 式 being done 被動(dòng) , 正在進(jìn)行 完成主動(dòng)式 having done 主動(dòng) , 已經(jīng)完成 完成被動(dòng)式 having been done 被動(dòng) , 已經(jīng)完成 過(guò)去分詞 done 被動(dòng) , 已經(jīng)完成 動(dòng)詞不定式 一 般 式 to do 主動(dòng) , 將要進(jìn)行 被 動(dòng) 式 to be done 被動(dòng) , 將要進(jìn)行 完成主動(dòng)式 to have done 主動(dòng) , 已經(jīng)完成 進(jìn)行主動(dòng)式 to be doing 主動(dòng) , 正在進(jìn)行 2.2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式： 1）目的狀語(yǔ)； 2）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) I came here to meet you. （目的） He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （結(jié)果） 分詞： 1) 伴隨狀語(yǔ)； 2）原因狀語(yǔ)； 3）條件狀語(yǔ) 4）讓步狀語(yǔ)； 5）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) Walking along the street, he met his old friend. （時(shí)間） Being very tired, my father didnt go out with us. （原因） . Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因） Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (條件 ) 2.3 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，狀語(yǔ)從句和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 1) Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分詞作狀語(yǔ) ) 2) After having done their homework, the children began to play. （連詞 +分詞） 3) After they had done their homework, the children began to play. （狀語(yǔ)從句） 4) With homework done, the children began to play. （獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)） 2.4 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ) 1) If there is no choice, there is no decision _ (make). (to be made) 2) Do you know the man _ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing) 3) The question _ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed) 4) The bridge _ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built) 2.5 動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式 作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) /表語(yǔ)表示一般、抽象的情況；動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)作主語(yǔ)表示具體某次的情況。 Rising early is good for health. To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me. It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow. My biggest wish is to go abroad. Seeing is believing. 作賓語(yǔ) 接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞： admit, acknowledge, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, finish, include, involve, mind, put off, postpone, suggest, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be accustomed to, etc. 接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞： want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to, seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin 接動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式有不同含義的動(dòng)詞： 1) forget, remember, regret 2) stop, continue 3) need/ want 4) allow doing/ allow sb to do (1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time? Sorry, I forgot to lock the door. (2) I cant stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand? (3) The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut. (4) We dont allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here. 3虛擬語(yǔ)氣 第一大類(lèi)：非真實(shí)條件下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 時(shí)間 從句 主句 . 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 did/ were should/could/would + do 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 had done should/could/would + have done 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 were to do should do should/could/would + do If I were you, I would be happy to do it. If we had got the news, we could have prepared earlier. If the job were to succeed, you should work harder. 第二大類(lèi)：從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1) would rather + 從 句 2) wish + 從句 3) if only + 從句 4) as if/ as though + 從句 5) Its time + 從句 I would rather you didnt tell me the story now. I would rather you had told me the story yesterday. 第三大類(lèi)：從句中用 should 加動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其中 should 可省略。 1) suggest, propose, advise, move(動(dòng)議 ), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句； 2) suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference 等名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句； 3) important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容詞用在 it is that句型中； 4) lest, in case, for fear that 等引導(dǎo)的從句中。 It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off. It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off. He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting. 4定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句 4.1 定語(yǔ)從句：限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 1）關(guān)系代詞 (在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)）： which, that, who, whom, whose 2）關(guān)系副詞（在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)）： when, where, why, how 名詞性從句：主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句： 1）主從連詞（不在從句中作任何成分）： that, whether, if 2）連接代詞（在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)）： what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever 3）連接副詞（在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）： when, where, why, how 4.2 定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行修飾限制，而同位語(yǔ)從句闡述的是名詞的具體內(nèi)容。從語(yǔ)法上看， that, . which 在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，而同位語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞 that 不在從句中擔(dān)任任 何成分。 1) The story (that) he told me may not be true. 定語(yǔ)從句 2) The story that he has made a fortune may not be true. 同位語(yǔ)從句 4.3 什么時(shí)候用介詞 which 的形式 ? 如果定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用 that/ which 形式。如果定語(yǔ)從句缺狀語(yǔ)，用介詞 +which 形式。 1) The place which I visited last week is very beautiful. 2) The place in which I used to live is very beautiful. 4.4 which 和 as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 which 和 as 都能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾整個(gè)一句話。 as 有 “正如 ”的意思，而 which沒(méi)有。 1) He is easy to get angry, which is well known. 他很容易生氣，這一點(diǎn)大家都知道。 2) He is easy to get angry, as everybody knows. 正如大家都知道的那樣，他很容易生氣。 2.1 強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 1動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 1. I was hired (hire) by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London in 1989. 解析：過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，標(biāo)志語(yǔ)： 1989。 2. However, many people doubt whether this will reduce (reduce) the incidence of abuse. 解析：一般將來(lái)時(shí)，表示 會(huì)減少 的意思。 3. Up to that time, the blues had been (be) an essentially black medium. 解析：過(guò)去完成時(shí)，標(biāo)志語(yǔ)： up to that time，表示 過(guò)去的過(guò)去 。 4. Of these 20,000, just under 2000 are being physically, sexually and psychologically abused (abuse). 解析 ：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)。 5. If you do not (not, control) it, it will control you. 解析：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主講從現(xiàn)：主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，但是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 6. You will enjoy your fun time more after you have completed (complete) your study responsibilities. 解析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示 已經(jīng)完成 。 7. Maintaining a healthy self-esteem is (be) a challenge that continues throughout life. 解析：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 . 8. The second half of the nineteenth century witnessed (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi. 解析：一般過(guò)去時(shí)，標(biāo)志 語(yǔ)： the second half of the nineteenth century。 9. All the worries they might have felt for him were driven (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face. 解析：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng) 10. Attempts to break up this old system have been made (make) in every presidential election in the past one hundred years. 解析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)，標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：in the past one hundred years。 2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 1. The mother didnt know who to blame (blame) for the broken glass. 解析： who+動(dòng)詞不定式做 know 的賓語(yǔ) 2. The children brought (bring) up in this way tend to be healthier. div 解析：過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)。 3. It reminded the president to keep the campaign focused (focus) on the economy. 解析：過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)。 4. Putting (put) food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock. 解析：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。 5. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things being (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms. 解析：現(xiàn)在分詞用在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中 6. This poem, if translated (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense. 解析：連詞加過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ) 7. They may have their passports removed (remove), making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. 解析：過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ) 8. Her body, with hands and feet bound (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. 解析：過(guò)去分詞用在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中 9. I couldnt help but feel (feel) this is a very strange life. . 解析： couldnt help but 后接動(dòng)詞 原形 10. Let us consider the earth as a planet revolving (revolve) round the sun. 解析：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ) 3虛擬語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 1. If it hadnt been for your help, we would have been (be) in real trouble. 解析：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句 2. He would have given you more help, if he had not been (not be) so busy. 解析：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句 3. It is high time that we took (take) firm measures to protect our environment. 解析： It is high time +過(guò)去式的虛擬形式 4. It was imperative that students finish (finish) their papers before July 1st. 解析： It was imperative that+動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬形式 5. They demanded that the right to vote be given (give) to every adult person. 解析： demand 所接賓語(yǔ)從句用動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬形式 6. There was a mistake on my paycheck. I should have received (receive) $10 more. 解析：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句，表示 本應(yīng)該收到 而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有。 7. I would rather he bought ( buy) the house next year. 解析： would rather 后接賓語(yǔ)從句，從句用過(guò)去式表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 8. The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we had met (meet)them before. 解析： as if 所引導(dǎo)的從句用過(guò)去完成式表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 9. Should she come tomorrow, I _ take her to the museum. 正確答案為 C A can B will C would D must 解析：與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句。 . 10