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00087 英語翻譯 筆記依據(jù)教材 英漢翻譯教程 莊繹傳 主編,外語教學與研究出版社 前 言 1.如何把握教材 考試大綱明確提出,在翻譯的卷面中有 60%的內(nèi)容選自教材,所以我們要立足教材,把每個考點都明確、掌握。 2.關(guān)于翻譯的標準 翻譯涉及到三個層面: ( 1)文本的轉(zhuǎn)化 ( 2)意義的轉(zhuǎn)化 ( 3)形式的轉(zhuǎn)化 翻譯應遵循的標準為:信(忠實于原文)、達(語句讀起來要通順)、雅(譯文要有文采) 3.關(guān)于翻譯的幾個基本的步驟: 首先,要深度理解原文,劃分譯群。 第二,對譯群進行逐個翻譯。 第三,將翻譯后譯群 組合,并搭配上下文的意境。 第四,和完整的原文對照,將不貼切的地方修改。 -Unit 1 Stories- Lesson 1 The Quest Lesson 1 The Quest Taking the train, the two friends arrived in Berlin in late October 1922, and went directly to the address of Chou En-lai。 Would this man receive them as fellow countrymen, or would he treat them with cold suspicion and question them cautiously about their past careers as militarists? Chu Teh remembered his age。 He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned。 directly = at once 譯文: 他們兩個人坐火車于一九二二年十月到達柏林,立即去周恩來的住處。這個人會不會像同胞手足一樣接待他們呢 ?會不會疑慮重重,詳細詢問他們在軍閥時代的經(jīng)歷呢 ?朱德想起自己的年齡,他已三十六歲,青春像一路嗚叫的鷹,早已一閃而逝,留給他的是衰老和幻滅。 When Chou En-lais door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful。 Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties。 in his twenties 可譯作 “二十多歲 ”。 in his middle twenties 漢語就沒有相對應的說法了,只好譯作 “二十五六歲 ”。 請注意 in the twenties 是 “二十年代 ”,不要混為一談。 譯文: 周恩來的 房門打開時,他們看到的是一個身材瘦長、比普通人略高一點的人,兩眼閃著光輝,面貌很引人注意,稱得上清秀??墒?,那是個男子漢的面龐,嚴肅而聰穎,朱德看他大概是二十五六歲的年齡。 Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them。 Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past,how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for him-self and a new revolutionary road for China。 He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but5 return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet。 more than ten years his junior 是 this youth 的同位語。 but=except 譯文: 周恩來舉止優(yōu)雅,待人體貼,在招呼他們坐下,詢問有何見教的時候,甚至還有些靦腆。 朱德顧不得拉過來的椅子,端端正正地站在這個比他年輕十歲的青年面前,用平穩(wěn)的語調(diào),說明自己的身份和經(jīng)歷:他怎樣逃出云南,怎樣會見孫中山,怎樣在上海被陳獨秀拒絕,怎樣為了尋求自己的新的生活方式和中國的新的革命道路而來到歐洲。他要求加入中國共產(chǎn)黨在 柏林的黨組織, 如需精美完整排版,請 QQ: 67460666 手機 :137 8381 6366 聯(lián)系 他一定會努力學習和工作,只要不再回到舊的生活里去 它已經(jīng)在他的腳底下化為塵埃了 派他做什么工作都行。 As he talked Chou En-lai stood facing him, his head a little to one side as was his habit,listening intently until the story was told, and then questioning him。 as was his habit,此處 as 后面可以省略主語 it,意思相當于 which was his habit,或 and that was his habit。 譯文: 他娓娓而談,周恩來就站在他面前,習慣地側(cè)著頭,一直聽到朱德把話說完,才提出問題。 When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received。 When the reply came a few months later they were enrolled as full members, but Chus membership was kept a secret from outsiders。 ( from Agnes Smedley, The Great Road ) 注意: help 后面的動詞不定式不加 to 注意: arrange for them to ,而不能說 arrange them to。 an answer received 是一個省略句,完整的說法應該是 an answer had been received 譯文: 兩位來客把經(jīng)歷說完后,周恩來微笑著說,他可以幫他們找到住的地方,替他們辦理加入黨在柏林的支部的手續(xù),在入黨申請書 寄往中國而尚未批準之前,暫作候補黨員。過了幾個月,回信來了,兩人都被吸收為正式黨員,但朱德的黨籍對外界保持秘密。 ” (選自梅念譯偉大的道路) 重點詞匯 1. fellow countrymen 同胞 2. average height 中等身材 3. gleaming eyes 閃光的眼睛 4. in his middle twenties 二十多歲 5. to be seated 招呼坐下 6. stand squarely 端端正正地站著 7. more than ten years his junior 比他年輕十幾歲 8. revolutionary road 革命道路 9. Chinese communist Party 中國共產(chǎn)黨 10. full member 正式成員 11. membership 黨籍 12. keep a secret 保密 -Unit 1 Stories- Lesson 2 The Story of My Life ( Excerpt 1) Helen Keller 我的生活(摘錄 l) 海倫 凱勒 The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old. 在我的記憶里,安妮 曼斯菲爾德 沙利文老師來的那一天,是我一生中最重要的日子。從這一天開始,我的生活和以前迥然不同,一想到這一點,我就感到非常興奮。這個重要的日子是 l887 年 3 月 3 日,我差三個月不滿七周歲。 eg. I stay there for three months before he came 我在那呆了三個月,然后他就才來。 本段考點: 1.對定語從句的分法 2.注意一段話的核心詞 3.英語中表示時間的時間狀語從句中的連詞或介詞 On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectants. I guessed vaguely from my mothers signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. (在英語里,后果如果有具體的哪一天作定語,則不能說 in the afternoon,而要說 on the afternoon.) 那天下午,我一聲不響,懷著期待盼心情站在門廊里。母親給我打著手勢,人們在屋里匆匆地走來走去,我模模糊糊地預感到一件不尋常的事就要發(fā)生了。于是我就走到門口,站在臺階上等著。午后的陽光透過門廊上覆蓋著 的厚厚的一層忍冬,照在我微微仰著的臉上。 如需精美完整排版,請 QQ: 67460666 手機 :137 8381 6366 聯(lián)系 My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle. 我?guī)缀跏菬o意識地用手撫摸著我所熟悉的葉片和花朵,這新長的葉片和剛開的花朵在南方迎來了芬芳的春天。但不知今后等待著我的是什么,會使我欣喜,還是驚駭。幾個星期以來,我又氣又恨,感到非??鄲?,這種感情上的激烈斗爭過去之后,我感到渾身無力。 本段考點 : 1.定語從句較長時,要把主句和定語從句分別翻成兩個句子,兩個句子用先行詞進行連接。 2.在翻譯過程中如果遇到具有擬人化的感情、時間或地點來作主語時,要根據(jù)主語本身的特點來安排它在漢語中的句法成分。 3.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)時,注意如果有及物動詞時,一定要找到它的賓語。 Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before, my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was. “Light! Give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that ve

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