潤滑油提純方法與真空高效凈油機設(shè)計外文翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文文獻翻譯

重 慶 理 工 大 學(xué) 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計（論文）英文翻譯 題目 真空加熱式高效凈油機設(shè)計 二級學(xué)院 機械工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 班 級 109040202 姓 名 涂成康 學(xué) 號 10904020226 指導(dǎo)教師 系 主 任 時 間 2012 年 2 月 25 日 2013 年 6 月 14日 Purification of design method and vacuum purifying oil engine lubricating oil 1.Foreword Turbine oil (oil) on turbine generator is mainly used for lubrication and cooling speed, etc., for the steam turbine unit long-term operation, due to high pressure steam seal, motor shaft seal and other serious wear, band gap or steam pressure regulating improper, cause on phenomena, and oil cooler leakage, resulting in serious water turbine oil oily, appear murky or emulsified oil, accelerated aging, to produce soaps, colloid and organic and inorganic acid, reduce the stability and lubricating oil. At the same time, water and additive effect of oil could promote the decomposition, cause equipment corrosion. On the other hand, because the system external contaminants through shaft seal and various pore to enter, such as sand, dust, rust, carbon particle, and internalmetal wear particles, oil oxidation products, will also reduce the oil viscosity, anti - foam, destruction of oil film, increasing friction, wear of mechanical equipment, and may cause the speed control system block, failure, cause local overheating and even stuffy car. The formation of sludge pipeline emulsified oil may also deposit in the speed control, circulation system, the operation of oil, can not flow smoothly, no lubrication, cooling speed, good effect. Therefore, the turbine oil is good or bad, directly affect the safe and economic operation of the unit. Transformer oil after several years of operation, due to various reasons, the quality deterioration, oil oxidation, color depth, water, clay, free carbon, acid value, viscosity, mechanical impurities will exceed the standard, the potential danger of transformer. Processing methods commonly used are: power off, stop, change new oil. However, the rapid economic development and energy is very scarce in China, a new oil is obviously not the economy. Therefore, this article will explore the oil processing method, and introduces a high efficiency oil machine apparatus and process. 2. Lubricating oil processing method Currently the oil regeneration purification method there are 7 ways 2.1Gravity settling barrier method This method is primarily used to remove large proportion, larger particles of impurities in oil, as well as water intake is very serious in making coarse purification, purification measures must be complemented with other purification methods. 2.2Pressure filtration method The Act, also known as mechanical filtration. Traditional plate-and-frame type filter, which uses oil pump pressure pressure difference of formation on both sides of filter paper, when waste oil through filter paper, impurities and water filter. But inefficient operations, used dosage in big trouble. High cost breakdown voltage increase is less obvious. Dewatering capacity depends entirely on the degree of dry filter paper, do not bake before throwing, or do not change the filter paper. Filter paper will promptly with the balance of water in the oil State, that is a saturation, even water release to diesel. 2.3 Centrifugal separation method This method use proportion in waste oil, water impurities in different. Under the centrifugal force produced by the high speed rotation of the oil-water separation, to purify the purpose of impurity. This method is not high, the requirements of water heavy waste turbine oil, hydraulic oil, lubricating oil can be used as a pretreatment, high efficiency. But it can not remove dissolved water purification, and less pressure filter. Only the centrifuge is used as a coarse filter device. 2.4Vacuum separation method It makes use of oil and water boiling point difference exists, so that the oil atomization or form oil film in vacuum and under certain temperature, the moisture evaporation, removal of water in oil, gas, and filter out impurities. The performance, efficiency of vacuum oil purifier, because the structure of many, each are not identic al. High efficiency equipment to a new generation of volume, power consumption is very small is gradually replacing the traditional vacuum oil purifier. 2.5Condensation purification method It makes use of waste oil flowing through the high pressure (10 40kV) DC electric field, polar molecules such as water, oil, acid components, sludge, size ion polarity material will be charged, polar and incentive, thus using electrostatic attraction electrochemical, making them adsorption and aggregation, off the impurities, and oil pure and is not easy to absorb, under the action of the oil pressure can be forced through the electric field, so that the purpose of the present method but is rarely applied, the purification efficiency is low, high failure rate, repair difficulties. 2.6Electrostatic separation method It uses the oil flowing to the high voltage ( 10 40kV ) DC electric field, polar molecules such as water, oil, acid components, sludge, size ion polarity material will be charged, polar and incentive, thus using electrostatic attraction electrochemical, making them adsorption and aggregation, off the impurities, and oil pure and is not easy to absorb, under the action of the oil pressure can be forced through the electric field, so that the purpose of the present method but is rarely applied, the purification efficiency is low, high failure rate, repair difficulties. 2.7 Purification and regeneration method Regeneration method of purification and regeneration of adsorbents and chemical law, media law, including contact and percolation method. Adsorbent of traditional method use of activated white clay, with larger active surface adsorption materials such as silica gel, acid component of waste oils, resins, asphaltenes, unsaturated hydrocarbons and water, there is a strong characteristic of adsorption capacity, make adsorbent full contact with the waste oil to remove harmful substances. Contact media mix with the oil, will be restricted from oil regeneration process within equipment. Infiltration law was forced through oil fitted with granular adsorbents (such as silica gel, particulate clay, alumina, and so on) does not require mixing, also charged handling of electrical equipment. Chemical regeneration process, first with sulfuric acid and oxidation products in the waste oils generated acid residue, and then contact Clay mixing process, or by using lye (sodium hydroxide standard solution) and acidic acidity of oils in the ingredients. Generated salts soluble in the caustic sludge formed in alkaline solution. Lye removal, remaining a little salt water washed or treated with a white soil contact. Regeneration treatment suitable for more serious deterioration of oil, but oil containing more water and impurities, it should dehydrate, impurities before regeneration, regeneration after the strict application of pressurized oil to the filter, prevent sorbent particles are brought into the power device. In addition, regeneration also can be a useful component in oil to get rid of, so the regeneration is completed should rejoin the antioxidant T501. For oil degradation of more serious, only a chemical regeneration methods, but huge chemical regeneration equipment, complex, intensive, work efficiency, long life cycle, the energy consumption is high. Obvious. Dewatering capacity depends entirely on the degree of dry filter paper, do not bake before throwing, or do not change the filter paper. Filter paper will promptly with the balance of water in the oil State, that is a saturation, even water release to diesel. 3.Technical characteristics of vacuum oil purifier General dewatering, degassing vacuum oil purifier and impurity removal function. Impurities by multistage mechanical filter to meet the requirement, and the moisture content in oil and gas separation many times over and over again find it more difficult to achieve the desired level of vacuum oil purifier is at the heart of separation of vacuum degassing and dewatering systems. A separation effect of vacuum oil purifier, advantages and disadvantages of isolation tank efficiency largely depends on the performance and quality largely depends on the performance of oil separation tank in one of the forms. At present, the domestic vacuum oil purifier, its processed oil in the gas-liquid separation tank in existence can be summarized as 3. Namely, fog-like volume, of oil film. Simple volume and separation, it is characterized by the formation in oil separation tank full tank wall of overall State, when the space above the oil is pumped into the vacuum, water vapor from above only volatile, volatile small, inefficient. Spray an improvement over the volume, when oil from the upper spray into the isolation tank, spray the granular form of volatile oil drop oil surface than an increase in the volume, but most of the water and the bubbles still being within the oil drops, essential effect is still poor. Oil film shaped is will diesel injected tank within, tank within has many metal hole plate, makes oil liquid has opportunities in hole pull of surface formed thin oil film, to than Qian two species forms are increased has oil of surface area, but actually efficiency still lower, space utilization poor, volume large, often to repeatedly repeatedly filter, heating must is high, otherwise oil in the residual moisture difficult to quickly reached wanted to degree, oil also easy aging. 4. vacuum oil purifier Vacuum oil purifier, high separation efficiency, is found in limited form in the vacuum tank oil film with a total area of bigger is better, followed by oil-film surface should be kept up to date, then there oil liquid film flow in a vacuum the longer the better, better ventilation and separator plates, easy removal of water vapour. For this, in the machine vacuum separation tank above first by spray type Distributor, will from infrared heater of hot oil uniform of Jet to upper separation Tower plate, dang just by plus and boiling to purification of pressure oil liquid by atomization distributor spray into steam liquid separation above Shi, first in collapsed metal network above space are fog shaped separation, due to into oil end atomization distributor of role, is easy formed than General particles more fine of uniform fog shaped, immediately oil filling is uniform to distribution to upper fine hole metal online. The rectangle as the collapse the network produces a lot of slope, oil form a very thin oil film on the slope first, while maintaining the high-vacuum tank, moisture in oil and bubbles easily are volatile, because surface is tilted, diesel continued downward at the same time, has the potential to roll accompanied by stirring, the oil surface has been updated. Separation efficiency at its best on the same slope, and thin metal mesh is made of very fine wires, there are numerous small holes through the holes, oil not only in surface flow formation on film, while soaked to the next surface, form a thin film on both sides, and good air permeability. Vaporization components can easily be pump, thanks to collapse so that it can be in the same volume much larger than conventional forms of the film (expanded) surface area. Between each level of folding NET lining into a metal hole, drill-intensive network of thin plate on top of the hole collapse played a supporting role, again on the next tier network to the redistribution of oil a nd damp mixing roles, both upper and lower surfaces forming a film. Thus, in situations not increasing overall dimensions, its could be added to the regular structure of the total area of more than 250% and tortuous collapse the network structure, the oil flow paths are complex and extended, so that the oil film in the vacuum holding time increased considerably, moisture in the oil and gas separation effect increases dramatically. 潤滑油提純方法與真空高效凈油機設(shè)計 1. 前言 汽輪機油 (透平油 )在汽輪發(fā)電機組中主要用于潤滑、調(diào)速和散熱冷卻等，對于長期運行的汽輪機組，由于高壓汽封、 電機軸封等嚴(yán)重磨損，帶間隙或汽封壓力調(diào)節(jié)不當(dāng)，引起串汽現(xiàn)象，以及冷油器泄漏，造成透平油嚴(yán)重含水，出現(xiàn)油質(zhì)渾濁不清或乳化，加速油質(zhì)老化，產(chǎn)生皂類、膠質(zhì)和有機與無機酸，降低油的穩(wěn)定性和潤滑價值 1。同時，水分會與油中添加劑作用促使其分解，導(dǎo)致設(shè)備銹蝕。另一方面由于系統(tǒng)外污染物通過軸封和各種孔隙進入，如砂子、塵土、銹渣、碳粒，及內(nèi)部金屬磨損顆粒、油品氧化產(chǎn)物，也會降低油的粘度、抗泡沫性，破壞油膜、增大摩擦，磨損設(shè)備機件，并有可能導(dǎo)致調(diào)速系統(tǒng)卡塞、失靈，引起局部過熱甚至悶車。乳化油還有可能沉積于調(diào)速、循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的管 路中，生成油泥，使運行油不能暢通流動，起不到良好的潤滑、調(diào)速、冷卻作用。因此，透平油的好壞，直接影響到機組的安全經(jīng)濟運行。 變壓器油經(jīng)過幾年運行后，由于各種原因，使油質(zhì)發(fā)生劣化，油液氧化、油色變深，水分、油泥、游離炭、酸值、機械雜質(zhì)、粘度等都超標(biāo)，造成變壓器潛在的危險。常用的處理方法是：斷電、停產(chǎn)、換新油。 但是，對于經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展而能源又相當(dāng)緊缺的我國來說，換新油顯然是不經(jīng)濟的。為此，本文將探討油處理方法，并介紹一款高效凈油機裝置及其工藝。 2 潤滑油處理方法 2 目前國內(nèi)的油液再生凈化方法有以下 7 種 2.1 重力沉障法 此法主要用以除去油中比重較大、顆粒較大的雜質(zhì)，以及在進水很嚴(yán)重的情況下作粗凈化，必須要有其它凈化方法作為補充凈化措施。 2.2 壓力過濾法 該法也稱機械過濾法。即傳統(tǒng)的板框式壓力過濾機，它利用油泵壓力在濾紙兩面形成壓差，使廢油通過濾紙時，將雜質(zhì)與水分濾去。但效率低操作麻煩、濾紙用量大。成本高，擊穿電壓提高不明顯。脫水能力完全取決于濾紙的干燥程度，使用前不烘烤，或不勤換濾紙。濾紙將會迅速與油中的含水達到平衡狀態(tài)，即出現(xiàn)飽和現(xiàn)象，甚至將水分釋放給油渣。 2.3 離心分離法 此法利用廢油中的油、 水雜質(zhì)的比重不同。在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)所產(chǎn)生的離心力作用下，使油水雜質(zhì)分開達到凈化目的。該法對要求不高、含水很重的廢透平油、液壓油、機械油可作預(yù)處理，效率較高。但它不能除去溶解的水分，并且凈化程度不如壓力式過濾機。離心分離機只能作為一種粗濾裝置。 2.4 真空分離法 它利用油與水存在較大沸點差，使油在高真空和一定溫度下產(chǎn)生霧化或形成油膜，使水分汽化，脫除油中水分、氣體、并濾去雜質(zhì)。真空凈油機的性能、效率，因結(jié)構(gòu)很多，各不相同。新一代體積、能耗均很小的高效型設(shè)備正在逐漸取代傳統(tǒng)真空凈油機。 2.5 凝聚凈化法 該法采用特殊過濾塔，以組合細小的，分散的水滴成大水滴，大水滴被阻留在塔內(nèi)。經(jīng)過逐漸匯集，最后落到分離室底部。這種方法主要用于含水較重的油液。并且一般不作為單獨的凈化手段使用。 2.6 靜電分離法 它利用廢油流經(jīng)高壓 (10 40kV )直流電場時，油中的極性分子，如水、酸性組分、油泥、大小離子等極性物質(zhì)將會帶電、分極和激勵，從而利用電化學(xué)的靜電引力，使它們吸附和聚集，把雜質(zhì)去掉，而純凈的油液不易吸附，在油壓作用下可強行通過電場，從而起到凈化目的但該法目前應(yīng)用還很少，效率偏低，故障率較高，維修困難。 2.7 再 生凈化法 再生凈化法又分吸附劑法和化學(xué)再生法，吸附劑法包括接觸法和滲濾法。傳統(tǒng)的吸附劑法利用活性白土，硅膠等具有較大活性表面的吸附材料，對廢油中的酸性成份、樹脂、瀝青質(zhì)，不飽和烴和水等有較強吸附能力的特點，使吸附劑與廢油充分接觸，除去有害物質(zhì)。 接觸法須將吸附劑與油進行攪拌，只適于從設(shè)備內(nèi)換出油液的再生處理。 滲濾法是強迫油液通過裝有顆粒狀吸附劑 (如硅膠、顆粒白土、氧化鋁等 )使用中不需要攪拌，也可對電力設(shè)備進行帶電處理。 化學(xué)再生法中，先用硫酸與廢油中的氧化產(chǎn)物作用生成酸渣，再用白土接觸攪拌處理，或先用堿液 (常用氫氧化鈉溶液 )中和酸性油中的酸性成份。生成的鹽類可溶于該堿液中形成堿渣。隨堿液一道排出，殘存的少許鹽類可用水洗滌去或用白土接觸處理。 再生處理適合于劣化較嚴(yán)重的油液，但對含水和含雜質(zhì)較多的油，還應(yīng)先進行脫水，除去雜質(zhì)后才能再生，再生完畢后，還應(yīng)用壓力式油機進行嚴(yán)格的過濾，以防吸附劑微粒被帶入電力設(shè)備。另外，由于再生的同時會將油中有用成分除掉，所以再生完畢應(yīng)重新加入 T501 抗氧化劑。 對于劣化比較嚴(yán)重的油，只能采用化學(xué)再生方法，但化學(xué)再生設(shè)備龐大，工藝復(fù)雜，勞動強度大，工效低，周期長，能耗高。 3.真空 凈油機的技術(shù)特征 真