商務英語名詞解釋.doc

名詞解釋（一）1. From English into Chinese國內(nèi)商務2. domestic business經(jīng)濟全球化3. economic globalisation東道國4. intellectual property知識產(chǎn)權(quán)5. non-tariff barriers非關稅壁壘6. national product 國民產(chǎn)值7. per capita GDP人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值8. durable equipment耐用設備9. staple goods大路貨10. creditor country債權(quán)國11. customs Union 關稅同盟12. Dual-Ministerial Meeting雙部長會議13. European Commission歐盟委員會14. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries（OPEC）石油輸出國組織15. North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定16. board of directors董事會17. day to day running日常管理18. the parent MNE多國公司母公司19. national economic welfare國家經(jīng)濟利益20. the legal jurisdiction法律管理范圍21. self-sufficient自給自足的22. farm produce農(nóng)產(chǎn)品23. the endowments of nature自然稟賦24. perfect competition完全競爭25. output per man-year of labour人均年產(chǎn)量26. production capability生產(chǎn)能力27. consumption perference消費偏好28. cost advantage成本優(yōu)勢29. large-scale production大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)30. tariff barrier關稅壁壘31. international Camber of Cmmerce國際商會32. customs clearance結(jié)關33. EDI電子數(shù)據(jù)交換34. incoterms國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則35. destination port目的港36. binding boligation有約束力的義務37. trade fair交易會38. international trunk call國際長途39. the business line業(yè)務范圍40. force majeure不可抗力41. cross-border contract進出口合同42. clearing system清算系統(tǒng)43. leverage杠桿作用44. trade credit account貿(mào)易信貸往來賬戶45. centrally planned economy中央計劃經(jīng)濟46. financial status財務狀況47. to open account開立賬戶48. consignment transaction寄售交易49. a usance draft遠期匯票50. documentary collection跟單托收51. impeccable documents正確無誤單據(jù)52. correspondence bank往來行53. advising bank通知行54. confirming bank保兌行55. transportation bank運輸條款56. clean credit光票信用證57. irrevocable credit不可撤銷信用證58. sight credit即期信用證59. deferred payment credit推遲付款信用證60. non-transferable credit不可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證61. freight prepaid運費預付62. prepare documents繕制單據(jù)63. consignor托運人64. consular invoice領事發(fā)票65. notify party被通知人66. contract carriers契約承運人67. intermediate product半成品68. inventory庫存69. ultimate consumers最終消費者70. natural product province產(chǎn)品自然領域71. time lag時差72. claim on goods對貨物的索賠73. All risks一切險74. premium保險費75. insure承保人76. insurable interest可保利益77. settlement of a claim理賠78. freight forwarder貨運代理行79. utmost good faith最大誠信原則80. value policies有價保單81. exchange rate匯率82. balance of payment收支平衡83. direct quote直接標價84. buying rate買入價85. financial policies金融政策86. financial resources資金87. retained capital預留資金88. grace period寬限期89. a specialized mandate特殊使命90. direct investment直接投資91. tax holiday免稅期92. Greenfield strategy綠地戰(zhàn)略93. customer mobility客戶流動94. investment returns投資回報95. start from scratch白手起家96. secondary capital market二級資本主義97. government stock政府債券98. market maker股票經(jīng)營商99. standing committee常務委員會100. underlying securities基礎證券101. global trade rules世界貿(mào)易規(guī)則102. the reciprocal tariff concession list互惠關稅減讓表103. a uniform tariff system統(tǒng)一關稅體系104. the optimal use of the resources資源的最佳利用105. a provisional treaty臨時條款106. the non-discrimination principle非歧視原則107. escape clause豁免條款108. a new Economic order新經(jīng)濟次序109. trade concessions貿(mào)易減讓110. Special Drawing Rights特別提款權(quán)名詞解釋（二）1. 國際商務international business2. 無形貿(mào)易invisible trade3. 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值gross domestic products4. 證券投資portfolio investment5. “交鑰匙”工程turnkey project6. 國名生產(chǎn)總值Gross Dational Product（GDP）7. 收入分配income distribution8. 經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（OECD）9. 基礎設施infrastructure10. 外匯儲備foreign currency reserves11. 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化regional economic integration12. 自由貿(mào)易區(qū)free trade area13. 歐盟European Union14. 亞太經(jīng)濟組織Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation（APEC）15. 部長理事會council of ministers16. 經(jīng)濟全球化Economic Globalization17. 跨國企業(yè) multinational enterprise18. 股東shareholder19. 國際經(jīng)濟環(huán)境international economic environment20. 生產(chǎn)設施manufacturing facilities21. 自然資源分配the distributionof natural resources22. 初級產(chǎn)品the primary commodities23. 比較利益論the theory of comparative advantage24. 互利貿(mào)易the mutual beneficial trade25. 資源儲備the reserves of natural resources26. 技術(shù)創(chuàng)新technology innovation27. 貿(mào)易方式patterns of trade28. 關稅區(qū)customs area29. 自動出口限制voluntary export restraint 30. 名勝古跡places of historical interest31. 兼付運費保險費貨價CIF32. 貿(mào)易條款trade terms33. 修改信用證amendment to the letter of credit34. 集裝箱運輸container transport35. 運費付至CPT36. 報價quotation37. 發(fā)盤to make an offer38. 有效期the validity period39. 付款方式mode of payment40. 仲裁arbitration41. 對消貿(mào)易counter trade42. 實際頭寸net positions43. 雙邊協(xié)議bilateral agreement44. 易貨貿(mào)易barter45. 垂直合并，縱向組合vertical combination46. 匯率浮動變化exchange rate fluctuation47. 資信狀況credit standing48. 分期付款period payment49. 即期匯票sight draft50. 付款單交document against payment51. 商業(yè)信用證commercial letter of credit52. 開證行the opening bank53. 受益人the beneficiary54. 轉(zhuǎn)船transshipment55. 統(tǒng)一慣例the uniform customs and practice 56. 循環(huán)信用證revolving credit57. 保兌信用證confirmed credit58. 遠期信用證usance credit59. 票面價值face value60. 資金周轉(zhuǎn)capital turnover61. 收貨人consignee62. 空運提單airway bill63. 產(chǎn)地證書cretificate of origin64. 運輸標記shipping marks65. 裝運港port of shipment66. 原始生產(chǎn)方式primitive mode of production67. 競爭機制competition system68. 運輸體系transportation system69. 貨物、資本、人員的自由流動the free movement of goods，capital，and personnel70. 公共承運人common carriers71. 保證金margin72. 股票投資investment in stocks73. 貨物保險cargo insurance74. 外匯儲備foreign exchange services75. 共同基金the common pool76. 代位追償subrogation77. 近因原則the doctrine of proximate cause78. 預約保單open policy79. 平安險F.P.A.80. 水漬險W.P.A.81. 金本位制gold standard82. 平價par value83. 布雷頓森林會議the Bretton Woods Conference84. 間接標價indirect quote85. 儲備貨幣reserve currency 86. 世界資本市場World capital market87. 借貸資本the cost of borrowing88. 凈收入net earning89. 產(chǎn)權(quán)（股票）投資equity investment90. 經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整economic restructuring91. 合資公司joint venture92. 并購acquisition93. 生物遺傳學biogenetics94. 自動出口限制Voluntary Export Restriction（VER）95. 存貨inventory96. 證券交易所the Stock Exchange（Market）97. 普通股ordinary share98. 補償基金compensation fund99. 金邊債券gilt100. 期權(quán)option 101. 協(xié)商機制a consultative mechanism102. 雙邊談判bilateral negotiation103. 簽約國the signatory countries104. 充分就業(yè)full employment105. 多邊貿(mào)易體系multilateral trade system106. 國際組織international organizations107. 技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓technology transfer108. 商品協(xié)議commodity agreement109. 國際貨幣體系international monetary system110. 優(yōu)惠關稅preferential tariff全真1 1）portfolio 證券 2）per capita income 人均收入3) board of directors 董事會4) CIF 成本、保險費加運費5）hyperinflation極度通貨膨脹 6) leading bank 主要銀行7）cost economies 節(jié)約成本8） premium 保險費9) the international monetary system 國際貨幣體系10) tax holiday免稅期全真2Dual-Ministerial Metting 雙部長會議2) primary commodities初級產(chǎn)品 3) non-tariff barriers 非關稅壁壘4) consignment contract 寄售合同5) documentary collection 跟單托收 6)gold standard 金本位制7) capitial infrastructure 基礎設施8)investment returns 投資收益9) standing committee 常務委員會10) tariff quota 關稅配額04上半年non-discrimination principle 無差別待遇2) preferntial customs tariffs 特惠稅3)terms of trade 貿(mào)易條件4) host countries 東道國5)IMF國際貨幣基金組織 6)SDR特別提款權(quán) 7) share-holder 股東8)Standing Committee常務委員會 9)market floor 交易大廳10) Xerox Corporation施樂公司05年上半年comparative cost theory 比較成本理論 2)ad valorem duties 從價稅3)mode (method) of payment 支付方式4)bill of exchange 匯票5)clean draft 光票6)advising bank通知行 7) amendment 修改8) usance credit 遠期匯票9)business line 業(yè)務范圍10) cargo receipt 貨物收據(jù)06上半年barter易貨貿(mào)易 2)Parent MNC 母跨國公司3)absolute advantage 絕對優(yōu)勢4) documentary collection跟單托收 5) Terms of trade 貿(mào)易條件6)carrier 承運人7)securities 證券8)correspondent bank業(yè)務行 9)jurisdiction 行政管轄權(quán)10) gold tranche黃金份額二From Chinese into English全真11）有形貿(mào)易 visible trade 2）四方組合Ouad 3）經(jīng)濟一體化economic integration4）最惠國待遇most-favoured-nation(MFN) treatment 5）還盤counter-offer 6）長期資本 long-term capital 7）關稅減讓 tariff concession 8）可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證transferable credit9）全球化globblization10）保險單 policy全真21）子公司 affiliate corporation 2)關稅聯(lián)盟 customs union 3）生產(chǎn)力的三要素capital,land,and labour 4）合同正文 contract proper 5）競爭性貶值 competitive devaluation 6)不可撤銷信用證 irrevocable credit 7)空運提單 airway bill 8）交貨費用 forwarding charges 9）貨物原產(chǎn)地港口 port of origin 10）國際貨幣體系 international monetary system04年上半年1）受益人 beneficiary 2）提單 bill of landing (B/L) 3）還盤 counter offer 4）不可抗力 force majeure 5）裝船通知 shipping advice 6）半成品（中間成品） intermediate products 7）代位追償 subrogation 8）金融市場 financial market 9）投資者 investor 10）補償貿(mào)易 compensation trade 05上半年1）理賠 settle (-ing,-ment) 2）折扣 discount 3）證券 securities( stock) 4）資格 qualification 5）資產(chǎn) assets 6）長期資本 long term capital 7）母公司 parent company 8）最惠國條款 the most favoed nation clause 9）水漬險 Witj Particular Averge 10）全球化 golbalization 06上半年1）人均收入 per capita income 2）共同市場 Common Market 3）初級產(chǎn)品 primary product 4）稅率表 tariff schedule 5）轉(zhuǎn)移風險 risk transfer 6）受益人 beneficiary 7）收益 earnings 8）貿(mào)易慣例 trade practices 9）不可抗力 force majeure 10）正常貿(mào)易地位 normal trading status 名詞解釋（三）1. experience【expert knowledge or skill】2. joint venture【a commercial undertaking by two or more people，differing from a partnership in that it relates to the disposition of a single lot of goods or the termination of a specific project】3. partnership【a contractual relationship between two or more people in a joint enterprise，who agree to share，not necessarily equally，in the profits and losses of the organizations】4. distributor【a person who sends goods from those who produce them to those who use them】5. portfolio【the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks，bonds，or certificate of deposits for purpose other than controlling】6. assess【to judge an amount or value】7. spur【to urge or encourage】8. infrastructure【large-scale public services，such as water and power supplies，road，rail and radio communication，etc.needed to support economic activity，esp.industry，trade and commerce】9. PPP【purchasing power parity】10. consumerism【considerable desire to make purchase for consumption】11. liberalize【of trade，the act of government in lifting control over imports and exports】12. detour【route that void a blocked road；deviation】13. erode【wear away，eat into】14. integration【combine into a whole】15. envisage【picture（an event，action，etc.）in the mind as a future possibility；imagine】16. affiliate MNC【a MNC which is associated or controlled by its parent MNC without losing its own identity】17. profit 【the money gained in a business deal，especially the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent】18. inflation【a general rise in prices within an economy，accompanied by a reduction of the value of money】19. revenue【the money received by a firm from selling its output of goods or services or money earned by government from taxation】 20. host county【in international trade，the country in which a multinational corporation is active，but which is not the home country of that corporation】21. international trade【the exchange of goods and services between countries through exports and imports】22. absolute advantage【an advantage possessed by a country engaged in international trade when，using a given resource input，it is able to produce more output than other countries possessing the same resource input】23. specialization【to restrict ones economic activities to certain particular input】24. intuitive【relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study】25. capital【the contribution to productive activity made by investment in physical captial（eg.factories，offices，machinery，tools）and in human capital（eg.general education，vocational training） 26. demand【the desire of consumers to obtain goods and services】27. economies of scale【the long-run reduction in average（or unit）costs that occurs as the scale of the firms output is increased】28. cost【the amount of money paid or charged for goods or services】29. tariff【a form of tax that is levied on imports.Ad valorem duty and specific duty are two main types of tariff.Tariffs are used to protect domestic industries from foreign competition and to raise revenue for the government】30. non-tariff barriers【all public regulations and government practices that introduce unequal treatmentfor domestic and foreign goods of the same or similar production】31. Incoterms【a set of international rules published by the International Chamber of Commerce，Paris，for deciding the exact meaning of the chief terms】32. EDI【an electric system that sends specially-prepared documents direct from the computer of one company to that of another，so avoiding delays and improving service to customers】 33. negotiable transport document【transport document can be transferred from one person to another by endorsement】34. FOB【In foreign trade contracts，the sellers price includes all charges and risks up to the point where the seller delivers the goods on board the ship named by the buyer at the named port of shipment.From that point，all charges and risks have to be borne by the buyer】 35. customs clearance【the formalities necessary to satisfy the customs officers before they will allow goods to the cleared from customs for dispatch or delay elsewhere】36. contract【a legally binding agreement made between two or more people】37. ttransaction【the act of doing business or carrying out a business deal】38. terms of payment【the terms agreed upon between a seller and a buyer regarding a transaction with respect to the mode and time-table of payments】39. trade fair【a big exhibition where manufacturers and sellers of similar or related products display their goods，meet customers and each other】40. arbitration【the setting of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a court of law】41. hyperinflation【the direct exchange of goods for other goods without the use of money as a medium of exchange and without the involvement of a third party】42. barter【an extreme form of inflation；the situation that exists in a Economy when the money supply is being increased very rapidly resulting in an increase of over20% in the annual growth of the money supply or of the price level】43. buyback 【an agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment】44. compensation trade【an agreement by which a company agrees to build a plant or to sell technology into a country .The company then gets compensated for technology or capital with exported products produced by that plant】45. protection-【the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers】46. exchange rate【the ratio between one currency unit and the number of units of another currency at which it is possible to exchange the two at a given time】47. bill of exchange【A signed documents that orders a person or an organization，such as a bank，to pay a fixed sum of money on demand or on a certain date to the person specified】48. a sightdraft【A bill of exchange that must be paid immediately is presented for payment】49. usance【The time-limit allowed on the payment of foreign bill of exchange，eg.a sixty-day usance】50. documents against acceptance（D/A）【Documents are handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter.Payment will be paid on later date】51. letter of credit【A written instruction by a bank or some other financial institution .to its agent or another bank，either local or aboard，to lend the bearer of the letter certain sums of money for a fixed period of time】52. a correspondent bank【a bank which acts as an agent for another bank 】53. unit price【the price of an item】54. clause【clause:part of a legal document that deals with a particular item or condition in it 】55. bill of exchange【an unconditional written order by one person，the drawer，to another person，the drawee，instructing the drawee to pay a specified sum of money to a third person know as a payee】56. documentary credit【a letter of credit to which a number of other documents such as shipping documents have been joined by the exporter to obtain payment from the bank】57. irrevocable credit【a letter of credit that can only be cancelled with the agreement of the beneficiary】58. confirmed credit【a letter of credit to which the playing bank has added its guarantee that payment will be made against presentation of certain documents】59. sight credit【a letter of credit where the beneficiary has the right to receive payment immediately，either by presenting a sight draft or any negotiable documents payable on presentation】60. discount【the amount by which the value of a draft is reduced if bought before it is due for payment】61. commission【the amount paid to an agent，which may be an individual，a broker，or a financial institution，for consummating a transaction involving sale or purchase of assets or services】62. commercial invoice【a document identifying the seller and buyer of goods or services，63. bill of lading【list giving details of a shipss cargo64. in general terms【showing the chief aspects of sth,.espressing in a way that is not detailed 65. discrepancy【difference ,failture to agree66. documentation【the preparation and use of shipping documents67. productivity【effciency,especially in industry,measured by comparing the amount produced with the time taken or the resources used to produce it 68. entrepreneur【person who starts and organinses a commercial enterprises,especially one involving fincial risk 69. intermediate products 【semi-manufactures,the products that are sutuated or coming be-tween raw materials and finishes products70. self-sufficient【able to fulfill ones omn needs without help from others71. known premium 【the amount of money which the insuerd pay to the insurance company for their goods or other things 72. pool【a combination of funds formed for common advantage 73. cargo insurance【an activity which aims at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of ex