初中英現(xiàn)在完成時講解 練習(xí)及答案.doc

現(xiàn)在完成時一、 考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧【詞匯辨析】1. be famous for 和 be famous asbe famous for表示“因而出名”， for后接表示出名的原因be famous as則表示“以身份而著名”，as 后接職業(yè)、身份或地位，表示作為職業(yè)、身份或地位是著名的eg. France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法國以其佳肴和美酒著名。 France is famous as a romantic country 法國作為一個浪漫的國家而出名。2. hard與 hardlyhard adv.“努力地，費(fèi)力地，辛苦地”, 如： He works hard.他努力工作。 hard adj. “努力的，辛苦的” , 如： Its a hard work. 這是一項(xiàng)辛苦的工作。hardly否定副詞，意思為“幾乎不”，表示否定含義, 如：He works hardly. 他幾乎不工作?！竟潭ù钆洹考?ing be good at doing sth擅長做某事 eg: He is good at playing the piano.mind doing sth介意做某事 eg: Do you mind my opening the door?practice doing sth練習(xí)做某事 eg: My sister practices playing the piano every day.stop doing sth停止做某事 eg: The teacher is coming, please stop talking.What/How about doing sth. 做某事怎樣 eg: What about going to the park this weekend?【現(xiàn)在完成時】 A. 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)?！境Ｓ脮r間狀語】recently, lately, since+時間點(diǎn), for+數(shù)字+時間名詞, in the past few months/years等【構(gòu)成】 肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done 一般疑問句：have或has放于句首 B.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1）現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作在說話之前已完成，而對現(xiàn)在有影響。 eg. The car has arrived.車子來了。（結(jié)果：車子已在門口） Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。（結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著）區(qū)別：have been to, have gone to, have been inhave been to,表示去過某個地方，不過現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了have gone to表示去了，但還沒有回來，也許是在去的途中have been in指的是在某個地方，從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在例如：你以前去過北京么？例如：A: Is Mr.Wang at home?B: No,he is not in,（他去香港了）2）現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會持續(xù)下去。常用for和since表示一段時間的狀語或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的狀語。eg. He has studied English for 5 years. He has studied English since 2001. Now I have finished the work.注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成時不能與for，since等表示一段時間的詞連用。用來持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)或表過去重復(fù)的動作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自從）或for（經(jīng)歷）引導(dǎo)的詞語連用。如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：5arrive be here begin(start)be ondie be dead come back be backleave be awayfall ill(sick, asleep) be ill(sick, asleep)get up be upgo out be outfinish be overput on wear 或be onopen be openjoin be in或be a member ofclose be closedgo to school be a studentborrow keepbuy have catch(a cold) have(a cold)get to know knowbegin to study studycome to work work二、 典型例題 （ ）1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away（ ）2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in（ ）3.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened（ ）4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become（ ）5.You mustnt_ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left（ ）6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over（ ）7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught（ ）8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years. A. has been B. has become C. was D. became（ ）9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned（ ）10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead（ ）11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept（ ）12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had （ ）13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been（ ）14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from（ ）15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take三、課后練習(xí)單項(xiàng)選擇 （ ）1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know（ ）2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. already B. never C. ever D. still（ ）3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago（ ）4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written（ ）5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _. A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better（ ）6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying（ ）7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew（ ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see（ ）9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone （ ）10、_ you _ your homework yet? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished C.Have; done; have finished D.will; do; finish（ ）11、His father _ the club since 1988. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in（ ）12、Do you know her well? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made（ ）13、How long have you _ here? About seven years. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived（ ）14、Hurry up! The program _ for five minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began（ ）15、It _ ten years since he came Chengdu. A. is B. has C. will D. was（ ）16、Miss Green isnt in the office. She _ to the library. A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been（ ）17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been（ ）18、He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up（ ）19、Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had（ ）20、His grandparents _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university漢譯英1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父親以前到過長城。4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、 她去過上海。1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚攸c(diǎn)在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是B。2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“for +時間段或since +過去時間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故6應(yīng)選C。7、C8、現(xiàn)在完成時還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故8應(yīng)選B。9、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭幼鞫及l(fā)生在過去，