福建省南安六中高考英語語法 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（一）導(dǎo)學(xué)案.doc

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(一)注：帶*號(hào)的內(nèi)容高職的同學(xué)不要求掌握?？季V內(nèi)容課標(biāo)要求學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法，并能在真實(shí)語境中正確使用，掌握主動(dòng)語態(tài)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的情況。表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、格言等。代替一般將來時(shí)。一般過去時(shí)掌握一般過去時(shí)的用法，并能在真實(shí)語境中正確使用，掌握主動(dòng)語態(tài)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的情況。表示過去的習(xí)慣、過去經(jīng)?；蛞淮涡园l(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。描述過去時(shí)間內(nèi)連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一般將來時(shí)掌握一般將來時(shí)的用法。will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形表示不含主觀因素，單純的將來。be going to do表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。be to do表示按計(jì)劃、約定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必須做的事情或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。be about to表示不久之后或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。命題分析高考對(duì)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的考查主要涉及10種時(shí)態(tài)，即：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)，考查在具體的語境中對(duì)各種時(shí)態(tài)的使用。自主復(fù)習(xí)檢測1.he often (take) a walk after supper in the park.答案：takes2.i (be not) at home last night.答案：wasnt3.we (go) shopping tomorrow.would you like to go with us?答案：will go課堂學(xué)習(xí)優(yōu)化 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.定義：表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性、真理性的狀態(tài)或者動(dòng)作（有時(shí)間規(guī)律發(fā)生的事件）的一種時(shí)間狀態(tài)。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)s+do/does+.表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。典例(2013陜西高考)on monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.以練促記1.i often_(play) football after school.2.it seldom_(rain)here.3.he _(go)to school at 6 every morning. 歸納常見的表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語有：_表示客觀真理、客觀存在、科學(xué)事實(shí)、名言警句等。不受時(shí)態(tài)限制典例 i learned that the earth goes around the sun when i was in primary school. 以練促記1. time and tide_(wait)for no man.2.summer_(follow)spring. 3.light_(travel)faster than sound .表示主語的特征、性格和能力。典例 although a famous scientists, yuan longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.以練促記1.he can_(speak) five foreign languages.2.changjiang river_(be) one of the longest rivers in the world. 在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來動(dòng)作。典例(2014重慶高考)anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. 以練促記1. if we_(sit)near the front of the bus, well have a better view. 2.if you_(take) the job, they will talk with you in greater details.3.ill tell him the news when he_(come)back. 表示按計(jì)劃、時(shí)刻表規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。典例the flight takes off at 2:30 every wednesday and friday.歸納限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞有：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。 以練促記when does the bus start?it_(start) in 10 minutes.一般過去時(shí)1.定義：一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為；過去主語所具備的能力和性格。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)s+did+.表示過去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。典例 we had a test yesterday and i failed it.以練促記1.they (be)here only a few minutes ago.2.i (come)home just now.3.he (be)late for school again today.4.mr. smith (buy)a new car yesterday.特殊句型1：its time that did/was/were典例(北師大英語選修八課文)as a society,its high time that we took these issues more seriously.以練促記1.its time that you (start) thinking about your future.2.its about time the council (do)something about all the stray dogs in town.特殊句型2：was/were about to do . when .典例i was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.以練促記they were about to eat out when it_(rain).表示過去時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。典例they never drank wine.以練促記every morning i_(take)a walk when i was in the countryside.有時(shí)過去時(shí)態(tài)只表示委婉的語氣。典例i wondered if you could help me.以練促記i wish i (know)his name. 注意能這樣有的動(dòng)詞主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到的事。典例(2013新課標(biāo)全國卷)i didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.以練促記i_(do not)expect to meet you here. 注意表達(dá)“原以為/本來認(rèn)為/原希望”等意義時(shí), know, think, expect等動(dòng)詞常用一般過去時(shí)。一般將來時(shí)1.定義：一般將來時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常常和表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形shall / will + 動(dòng)詞原形這種表示動(dòng)作在現(xiàn)在或目前還未發(fā)生，要在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生；它沒有主觀性，是“純粹的將來動(dòng)作”。表示將來的打算或計(jì)劃，有時(shí)表示臨時(shí)的安排。will有時(shí)候表示“意愿”。典例i shall / will not be free tomorrow.以練促記1.he (arrive)here this evening.2.ive forgotten to post the letter for you.well, in that case, i (post) it myself.be going to do典例a) he is going to spend his holidays in london . who is going to speak first? b) it is going to rain soon . is he going to collect any data for us? 歸納這種表示方法主要是說明 a）“說話人的意圖、打算”；b）“某種可能性”。以練促記1. it is going to_(rain), as the clouds are gathering in the sky.2.my sisters going to_(have)a baby this summer. be to do典例she is to play juliet.you are to make the necessary changes. 歸納“be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、傾向或必須、義務(wù)等以練促記翻譯句子，并感受其含義。1.the police surrounded the building and said: “no one is to go out.2.a meeting is to be held at 3：00 oclock this afternoon.be about to 典例the package is about to come unwrapped. 歸納“be about to + 不定式”：表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有“即將”的意思，但不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語連用?？梢院筒⒘羞B詞when連用。以練