【紅寶書】考研英語--考前模擬試題（第三.pdf

w w w h o n g b a o s h u c o m 紅寶書紅寶書網(wǎng)址 紅寶書 考研英語考前預(yù)測 最后沖刺 3 套題 紅寶書紅寶書 網(wǎng)上附贈 網(wǎng)上附贈 2012 年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語模擬試題 第三套 年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語模擬試題 第三套 Section I Use of English Directions Read the following text Choose the best word s for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 10 points Gap J C Penney and other U S retailers have long benefited from low costs in China to hold 1 prices in their American stores A cotton 2 may help change that equation China s farms produce about 26 percent of the world s cotton yet that s not 3 to satisfy the needs of the Chinese companies that make shirts pants dresses and more for U S store chains Cotton futures in China have surged more than 70 percent this year 4 the global economy 5 from recession and consumers worldwide started spending more on clothes Production in China the world s biggest user of cotton is forecast to lag behind demand for 6 12th year cutting the country s 7 to the smallest level since 1995 according to the U S Agriculture Dept The 8 gives local makers of cotton fabrics a lot of leverage in negotiating prices with 9 manufacturers It s a little 10 to deal with cotton suppliers now says Vicky Wu a sales manager at Suzhou Unitedtex Enterprise a closely held clothes maker 11 in Jiangsu province that counts Gap and Penney s 12 its clients Chinese suppliers to the big U S retailers have to figure out 13 they can pass on their increased costs Unitedtex which sells 24 million worth of shirts and jackets annually to Gap plans to 14 prices by 5 percent to 30 percent for products available in April Wu says Shandong Zaozhuang Tianlong Knitting which makes Polo Ralph Lauren T shirts and track suits for Le Coq Sportif Holding has raised prices as 15 as 70 percent from a year earlier If cotton keeps rising like this we will need to 16 prices by 30 percent by Chinese New Year or we lose money says sales manager Fred Hu American consumers better get used to rising prices on the shelves of Wal Mart and other retailers says Jessica Lo Shanghai based managing director at China Market Research Group China s manufacturers are getting 17 not only by rising cotton costs but also soaring real estate and labor costs John Ermatinger Gap s Asia president 18 to say whether Gap will raise prices We are going to be 19 of our competition he says That s how we ll ultimately 20 our prices 1 w w w h o n g b a o s h u c o m 紅寶書紅寶書網(wǎng)址 紅寶書 考研英語考前預(yù)測 最后沖刺 3 套題 1 A up B down C on D off 2 A management B shortage C requirement D technology 3 A large B empty C enough D expensive 4 A if B until C as D but 5 A happened B emerged C bent D enriched 6 A the B a C one D this 7 A stockpile B goods C things D matter 8 A remains B difficulties C sufficient D shortfall 9 A silk B coat C cloth D apparel 10 A terrifying B exciting C disappointing D thrilling 11 A connected B closed C based D worried 12 A among B between C with D without 13 A what B that C which D if 14 A cut B raise C add D deduce 15 A much B more C little D few 16 A lift B decrease C ignore D quit 17 A lived B earned C made D squeezed 18 A denies B enjoys C prefers D declines 19 A afraid B ashamed C fond D mindful 20 A draw B establish C drive D abolish 2 w w w h o n g b a o s h u c o m 紅寶書紅寶書網(wǎng)址 紅寶書 考研英語考前預(yù)測 最后沖刺 3 套題 Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 40 points Text 1 Over the next few decades global electricity consumption is expected to double At the same time many power plants in rich countries built back in the 1960s and 1970s are nearing the end of their projected lifespans Meanwhile concern is swelling both about global warming and about the Western world s increasing dependence on a shrinking number of hostile or unstable countries for imports of oil and gas The solution to this conundrum in the eyes of many governments is nuclear power Around the world 31 reactors are under construction and many more are in the planning stages There are good reasons for this enthusiasm Nuclear reactors emit almost none of the greenhouse gases responsible for global warming They are fuelled by uranium which is relatively abundant and is available from many sources including reassuringly stable places such as Canada and Australia But there are also good reasons for skepticism Nuclear plants are expensive each can cost several billion dollars to build Worse in the past ill conceived designs safety scares and the regulatory delays they gave rise to made nuclear plants even more costly than their hefty price tags suggest Vendors of new nuclear plants such as Areva General Electric GE Hitachi and Westinghouse argue that things are different now The latest designs incorporate suggestions from utilities and operators with decades of experience and should their creators say make new plants safer and easier to operate They believe the simpler new reactors with their longer lifespans and reduced maintenance costs will also improve the economics of the industry The latest generation of reactors which evolved from models constructed in the 1970s and 1980s include important improvements over prior designs Westinghouse s new AP1000 for example has passive safety systems that can prevent a meltdown during an emergency without operator intervention In the end the deployment of new nuclear reactors will depend on many factors including successful waste and proliferation management improved economics and perhaps most important convincing the public that nuclear reactors can be operated safely Despite these obstacles there is an undeniable mood of optimism in the industry Whether that will be enough to spark the deployment of the hundreds of reactors that will be needed to help mitigate the effects of global warming remains to be seen cautions Richard Lester a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT Were there to be another disaster like Chernobyl or a successful terrorist attack on a nuclear plant all bets would be off But for now most people in the industry agree that nuclear power s prospects look brighter than they have in a long time 3 w w w h o n g b a o s h u c o m 紅寶書紅寶書網(wǎng)址 紅寶書 考研英語考前預(yù)測 最后沖刺 3 套題 21 Which of the following is not mentioned as a major reason for nuclear dawn A Climate change B Insecurity in the supply of fossil fuels C Lack of power plants in the Western world D Safer nuclear power technology 22 Unlike fossil fuels A uranium is cheaper to obtain B uranium comes from stable countries C nuclear power is less costly but cleaner D nuclear power needs less sophisticated technology 23 We learn from Paragraph 3 that A innovation in technology helps to bring about the nuclear dawn B General Electric has the latest design of nuclear reactors C the latest reactors do not need human intervention for its operation D the development of nuclear power improves economic operation 24 Westinghouse s new AP1000 is mentioned to show A what remedies vendors have added to the old models of reactors B what has been done by vendors to make nuclear plants safer C how unnecessary maintenance staff is in the newly designed systems D why it is necessary to keep a sceptical attitude to new reactors 25 We can conclude that the biggest obstacle to the popularity of nuclear power is A cost B technology C maintenance D safety Text 2 The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communications network consisting of millions of cells Organized into sets and subsets these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees swarming around a hive The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt appropriate effective and self limiting At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and non self When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or non self molecules the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the invaders Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self The body s immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self marker Rather immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self tolerance When a normally functioning immune system attacks a non self 4 w w w h o n g b a o s h u c o m 紅寶書紅寶書網(wǎng)址 紅寶書 考研英語考前預(yù)測 最后沖刺 3 套題 molecule the system has the ability to remember the specifics of the foreign body Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecule the immune system reacts accordingly With the possible exception of antibodies passed during lactation this so called immune system memory is not inherited Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family your immune system must learn from experience with the many millions of distinctive non self molecules in the sea of microbes in which we live learning necessitates producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each non self invader Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen Tissues or cells from another individual except an identical twin whose cells carry identical self markers act as antigens because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign it rejects them The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary non antigenic building blocks An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitomes which stick out from its surface Most antigens even the simplest microbes carry several different kinds of epitomes on their surface some may even carry several hundred Some epitomes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as non self and execute a misdirected immune attack The result can be so called autoimmune disease The painful side effects of these diseases are caused by a person s immune system actually attacking itself 26 We know from the text that the immune system m A is no less complicated than the nervous system B far exceeds the human brain in intricacy C is enclosed by numerous sensitive cells D results in an effective communications network 27 The principal task of the immune system is to A recognize and eliminate all foreign molecules that enter the body B remove all the substances that invade the body organisms C defend the body from the attacks of different viruses and bacteria D identify and specify all non self molecules it encounters 28 The remembering power of a person s immune system is A mostly descended from his her ancestors B partially passed down from his her mother C mainly acquired through fighting against foreign cells D basically generated by its communications network 29 A tissue transplanted from father to daughter would be less acceptable than that transplanted between twins because A the ages of the twins tissues are exactly alike B the twins tissues have with them the same self markers C the father and daughter are different in sex D the twins immune systems possess identical memory 5 w w w h o n g b a o s h u c o m 紅寶書紅寶書網(wǎng)址 紅寶書 考研英語考前預(yù)測 最后沖刺 3 套題 30 The main idea of the text may be generalized as A the success of the immune system in distinguishing foreign substances B the normal and abnormal activities of the immune system in the body C the unfavorable effects of the immune system on organ transplantation D the essential duties of the immune system in guarding the body Text 3 Many freshmen arrive on campus depressed and anxious and feel worse as the year progresses At the same time colleges must also negotiate the legal and emotional pitfalls of caring for their charges not children but not yet fully adults This is an age group that s tricky says DeWitt Crosby a psychologist at Davidson College in North Carolina They are adults by law but they re still dealing with making decisions on their own The number of freshmen reporting less than average emotional health has been steadily rising since 1985 The American College Health Association reports that 76 percent of students felt overwhelmed while 22 percent were sometimes so depressed they couldn t function I see more and more students with long standing eating disorders students with a number of bouts of depression students with a major trauma in their history and students with substantial personality problems that interfere with functioning says Crosby College therapists cite several reasons for the apparent deterioration in student mental health Not only has this generation grown up in the much maligned era of the disintegrating American family it is also more used to therapy and so more likely to seek help As competition to get into college gets tougher students burn out before they even get there And kids with severe psychological problems who in the past wouldn t even have made it to college now take drugs that help them succeed Colleges first created counseling centers for students who needed career and academic advice The ballooning caseloads mean there isn t the time or the staff to offer long term therapy to any but the most troubled You can t load up with the first 100 students and see them regularly without having openings for new people says Gallagher Instead colleges focus on getting students over immediate crises Nearly half of the schools that Gallagher surveys limits the number of client sessions with the limits ranging from about four to 12 One Yale student suffering from anxiety during his sophomore year rarely saw the same counselor twice It felt like the person I was talking to wasn t really there he says Some schools have tried filling the gap by getting more involved in students lives MIT is putting together support teams of physicians other health care professionals and experienced counselors to spend time in the dorms socializing with the students and keeping an eye on them So where do parents fit in all this In many case they don t Federal privacy laws reinforce the separation by forbidding the release of educational records to anyone by the student So despite those large tuition checks parents other don t get a full picture of what their children s lives are really like 6 w w w h o n g b a o s h u c o m 紅寶書紅寶書網(wǎng)址 紅寶書 考研英語考前預(yù)測 最后沖刺 3 套題 31 The pitfall Line 2 Paragraph 1 most probably means A an unexpected difficulty B an unforeseen result C a strong argument D a controversial issue 32 Which of the following is mentioned as a problem concerning students emotional health A Suicide B Sleeplessness C A mental scar D A stomach disorder 33 Many college students are in poor mental health partially because A they were born with some serious personality defects B they can not stand up to various kinds of examinations C they are more likely to turn to their parents for help D their parents marriage tends to end up with divorce 34 By giving the example of a Yale student Paragraph 4 the author suggests that A the experts in counseling centers are too busy to show up B There is a lack of experts who can give students good treatment C some experts in counseling centers lack professional dedication D Yale lags behind in providing timely treatment for its students 35 Students parents don t give their children a hand because A they re uncertain how serious the children s illness is B they re not allowed to peep at their children s diaries C they re unable to know the children s academic performance D they re allowed to pay for most of the children s tuition Text 4 Drunk drivers cause hundreds of traffic accidents each year many of which end in fatalities In recent years two organizations have been formed to combat this deadly menace MADD Mothers Against Drunk Driving was formed to stop drunk driving kids and teens support the victims of and prevent underage drinking SADD Students Against Destructive Decisions was created to provide students with the best prevention and tools to deal with underage drinking drug use impaired driving and other destructive decisions The two organizations take different approaches to drunk driving and each is succeeding in its own way MADD was founded in 1980 by Cindy Lightner following the death of her 13 year old 7 w w w h o n g b a o s h u c o m 紅寶書紅寶書網(wǎng)址 紅寶書 考研英語考前預(yù)測 最后沖刺 3 套題 daughter who was killed by a drunk driver out of bail for a hit and run accident only two days earlier Lightner and other mothers who had lost children to drunk drivers formed MADD in an effort to stop the more than 30 000 alcohol related driving deaths each year They worked not only to educate the public about the dangers of drunk driving but to change societal attitudes about drinking and driving MADD expanded its campaign from Don t Drive Drunk to Don t Drink and Drive To accomplish this it has recommended higher beverage taxes lower drunk driving arrest thresholds and roadblocks designed to frighten people out of social drinking It has also created Victim Impact Panels where people convicted of driving while intoxicated hear the stories of parents relatives and friends of victims of drunk driving accidents Twenty six years after the founding of MADD alcohol related driving deaths in the United States have been reduced to about 17 000 annually SADD was founded by Robert Anastas of Wayland High School in Massachusetts as Students Against Driving Drunk in 1981 SADD emerged as a response to more than 6 000 young people being killed in alcohol related accidents each year SADD s approach to the problem was to develop educational programs in school chapters ranging from middle schools to colleges In 1997 SADD expanded its mission to include underage drinking substance abuse impaired driving violence and suicide SADD s programs are keyed to the needs of individual school locations These include peer led classes forum