英語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句講解與練習(xí).doc

英語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句講解與練習(xí)when, while 和 as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法這三個(gè)詞的意思很簡(jiǎn)單，都有“當(dāng)時(shí)候”的意思。但學(xué)生經(jīng)常會(huì)問(wèn)三個(gè)詞的區(qū)別在哪兒，特別是在做選擇題的時(shí)候。別說(shuō)是學(xué)生，就我個(gè)人而言，做這樣的選擇題要保證百分之百的正確也是不可能的。現(xiàn)根據(jù)大量的實(shí)例和個(gè)人的思考，做一點(diǎn)小結(jié)，供大家參考。一、when 的用法如果只從現(xiàn)象來(lái)看，when 從句用的最多的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句的時(shí)態(tài)沒(méi)有限制,根據(jù)具體情況而定。1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小時(shí)候就常常試驗(yàn)一些新的設(shè)想。 2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走進(jìn)我房間時(shí)，我正在看書(shū)。3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老師進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，你在寫(xiě)信嗎？4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 對(duì)不起，你打電話來(lái)的時(shí)候我出去了。5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走，這時(shí)有人敲門(mén)。 6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，我也想到了。7. I had hardlyscarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door. 我剛一閉上眼，就有人在敲門(mén)了。 根據(jù)以上的例句，我們可以總結(jié)出一點(diǎn)：when 從句的A事件，相當(dāng)于另一個(gè)事件B發(fā)生的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。也就是說(shuō)，when 從句的重點(diǎn)不在動(dòng)作本身發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，而只是把它作為一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以when 多數(shù)情況下用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則不用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。因?yàn)槿绻谜谶M(jìn)行時(shí)，它表示的就是一段時(shí)間而不是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)了。根據(jù)這一點(diǎn)，有的文章補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：when 從句的動(dòng)詞大多是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。這種說(shuō)法也可以參照。實(shí)際上，when 從句也可以有其它的時(shí)態(tài)，但幾乎也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)，因?yàn)樗仓皇亲鳛橐粋€(gè)時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)。例如：1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，客人們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest. 當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會(huì)兒。 3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already? 你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作，為何還想再找新的？4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it. 在我讀完這本書(shū)后，你可以借閱。 5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week, Ill talk with him about this. 下周，經(jīng)理來(lái)這參觀時(shí)，我會(huì)和他談?wù)劥耸隆?二、while 的用法相比于when 來(lái)說(shuō)，while 從句的側(cè)重點(diǎn)就不一樣了。while 從句的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于描述動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，它的意思是：當(dāng)while 事件正在發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一件事如何如何。所以，while 從句一般用的是正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。而另一件事的狀態(tài)沒(méi)有硬性的要求，根據(jù)具體情況而定。例如：1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 當(dāng)妻子正在看報(bào)紙的時(shí)候，我正在看電視。2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正當(dāng)吉姆修自行車(chē)時(shí)，林濤來(lái)看他。3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他們談話的時(shí)候，上課鈴響了。4. You cant do your homework while youre watching TV. 你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業(yè)。 5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 約翰坐在那里咬指甲時(shí)，我正在制定一個(gè)回家的計(jì)劃。 從時(shí)間的角度來(lái)看，while 表示的是一段時(shí)間，是一個(gè)過(guò)程。這是while 的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。因此，如果含有“一段時(shí)間”的含義的時(shí)候，就可以用while。6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。這句話中，是說(shuō)趁著鐵是熱的這段時(shí)間，趕緊打鐵。如果換成 when 意思就變了，相當(dāng)于說(shuō)鐵只熱了一下，打一下，然后鐵就冷了。這顯然不符合文意。再例：Im going to the post office. While youre there, can you get me some stamps? 三、as 的用法as 從句表示的也是一件事情正在發(fā)生，另一件事也正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中。但與 while 從句不同的是，as 從句用的一般不用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，而只是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。as 從句一般可以翻譯成“邊邊”。例如：1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks. 當(dāng)我媽媽唱起那些老歌時(shí)，眼淚順著她的臉頰流了下來(lái)。 2. The students took notes as they listened. 學(xué)生們邊聽(tīng)課邊做筆記。3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我們繼續(xù)往下談的時(shí)候，他越來(lái)越興奮。 4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘們一邊走，一邊唱。5. Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound. 當(dāng)他抓住球的時(shí)候，有一種撕裂的聲音。 as 表達(dá)的事件，往往只是主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件時(shí)，as 只是一個(gè)次要的時(shí)間說(shuō)明，不像while 從句有強(qiáng)調(diào) while 動(dòng)作本身的意思。因此，as 常常翻譯成“隨著”之意。例如：1. As the time went on，the weather got worse. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，氣候更加糟糕。2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. 隨著高度的增加，大氣越來(lái)越稀薄。 3. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer. 隨著時(shí)間一年一年過(guò)去，中國(guó)變得越來(lái)越富強(qiáng)了。 少數(shù)情況下，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，as 從句也可以用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。這只能算是特例了。1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 傷心的媽媽坐在路邊，邊哭邊叫喊。 2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正當(dāng)我們出門(mén)時(shí)，雪開(kāi)始下起來(lái)。3. He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡覺(jué)，他進(jìn)來(lái)了。四、when, while, as 的互換如果從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，并且從句動(dòng)作為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，when，while，as 可以互換使用。這種情況下，它們的細(xì)微區(qū)別恐怕連英、美人自己也說(shuō)不清了。1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. 當(dāng)我們跳舞時(shí)，一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來(lái)。 dance 為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. 當(dāng)她在打電話時(shí)，我正在寫(xiě)信。 make為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank. 我順著馬路往前走時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)銀行門(mén)前停著一輛警車(chē)。五、比較while, when, as1）as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。 例如：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我剎車(chē)后，有一個(gè)人向我走來(lái)。 2）當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。 例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 干完活后，你可以休息一下。 3）從句表示“隨時(shí)間推移”連詞能用as，不用when 或while。 例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過(guò)去，天氣越變?cè)綁摹?2）比較until和till 此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某時(shí)”，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是“直至某時(shí)才做某事”。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式?？隙ň洌篒 slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6點(diǎn)才到。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車(chē)停穩(wěn)后再下車(chē)。 I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才會(huì)做。 區(qū)別：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。 3）until when 疑問(wèn)句中，until要放在句首。例如： -Until when are you staying?你呆到什么時(shí)候？ - Until next Monday.呆到下周一。 注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。 4）Not until在句首，主句用倒裝。 例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世紀(jì)初，人類(lèi)才知道熱為何物。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才認(rèn)識(shí)到我已蹉跎了許多歲月。 5）It is not until that. 例如：It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. 6）表示“一就”的結(jié)構(gòu) hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和as soon as都可以表示“一就”的 意思。 例如： I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 剛回家，就下起雨來(lái)了。 I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 例如： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.六、練習(xí)：在下列各句的空格中填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞1_ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been. 2_ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully. 3I saw her just _ she was getting off the train. 4Have a good look at that man _ you pass him. 5It was already eight oclock _ we got there. 6. I was about to go out _ a visitor came. 7Well go to the country at the beginning of June, _ the summer harvest will start.8. He learned to speak German _ he was in Berlin.9. Henry is in charge of the office _ Mr. Smith is away. 10. I listen to the recorder _ I have time. 11. He had learned Chinese _ he came to China. 12. _ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience. 13. I havent seen him _ he moved to the other side of the town. 14. I waited _ he came back. 15. It was not _ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him. 16. She likes everything to be in place _ she starts to work. 17. The thieves ran away _ they caught sight of the police. 18. They decided to go back home _ their money ran out. 19. We played outside till sunset, _ it began to rain。20. _ I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up. 21. They were about to leave _ it began to rain. 22. He always stay in bed _ lunch time. 23. I like playing tennis _ my younger sister prefers watching ball games. 24. _ I understand your viewpoint, I dont agree with you. 25. _ she grew older, she became more responsible. Key: 1. When 2. While / When 3. as 4. when/as5. when 6. when 7. when 8. while9. while10. whenever11. before 12. After 13. since 14. till/until15. until 16. before17. as soon as 18. before 19. when20. As soon as21.when 22. until 23. while24. While 25. As綜合練習(xí)十七 I.單項(xiàng)選擇。( ) 1. My house is _ the post office and the bank.A on B in C between D over( ) 2. Whats your favorite music ? _.A I like pop music best B My favorite singer is Liu HuanC I often play basketball with you D My favorite is English( ) 3. _? I like a small one.A Where is the country B What size pizza would you likeC Why do you like panda best D Where are elephants from( ) 4. Did you go shopping yesterday? _.A Yes, I do B Yes, I did C Yes, I am D No, I couldnt( ) 5. Do you like country ? Yes, _.A Yes, I am a country fan B Yes, I am a pop fan C Yes, I am interested in classical music D Yes, he is a fan ( ) 6.What does the rock singer_? He is tall and thin.A look B look like C looks like D like( ) 7. The girl is _ quiet.A a bit little B a little bit C little a bit D bit a little( ) 8. My friend is a _ girl.A good-looking B good-look C looking good D look-good( ) 9. _? Go upstairs and turn right.A What are the jazz CDs B Where are the CDsC Who is the woman D How can you sing the song( ) 10. _? He is thirteen years old. A Where is he from B Why do you like him C How old is he D Is he very smart( ) 11. Do you like a small, medium or large pizza? _.A I d like a medium pizza B Yes, I likeC Id like some cheese on it D I want buy some( ) 12. I dont like hot dogs _ hamburgers.A and B or C with D but( ) 13. _ a bottle of milk, some hot dog ,and hamburgers on the table. A There are B There is C There have D There has( ) 14. _ ? She is a nurse. A Where does your mother do B What does your mother doC What is your mother doing D Who is your mother( ) 15. Where do you work ? _.A I work in a school B I am a teacher C I want to be a teacher D I go to school every dayII.句式轉(zhuǎn)換。1. We had eggs and milk for breakfast. （改為一般疑問(wèn)句） _2. There was a beautiful girl in the park. （畫(huà)線提問(wèn)） _3. David went to the summer camp last week. （改為否定句）_4. They usually does homework at home. （用now改寫(xiě)） _5. He went for a walk every morning. （畫(huà)線提問(wèn)） _6. The Japanese woman was 70 years old .（畫(huà)線提問(wèn)） _III.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Li Ping decided _ (make) his breakfast.2. Please help the children _ (do) their homework.3. I found the little girl _ (cry) in the corner.4. _ (not take) a shower when you are ill in bed.5. Lets _ (buy) some hamburgers and soda.6. We had fun _ (swim) in the water yesterday afternoon.7. His father made him _ (go) to bed before 10:00 every evening. 8. Every student wants _ (clean) the classroom.9. One of the animals _ (be) very friendly and intelligent.10. Who can _ (write) an English article?11. Listen! She _ (sing) in the next room.12. He _ (see) the police officer last night.IV.就下列各句提問(wèn)。1. My favorite singer is Zhou Yuming. _2. His favorite group was Boys & Girls._3. Her favorite kind of music is classical._4. They took a boy to hospital yesterday._5. Tonys birthday is December 23rd._6. Their T-shirts are blue and white._V.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1. _ lunch, Jim likes hamburgers, chicken, and apples.2. Take the dictionary _ my room, please.3. The sweaters are _ a good price.4. Heres a list _ names.5. March is _ February and April.6. We usually watch TV _ weekends.7. I often go to movies _ my friend, Jack.8. _ fact, the movie is very boring.9. She was born _ August 19th, 1991.10. The girl _ red is Mr. Greens daughter.11. Ed Edgarson only watches sports _ TV.名詞基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)再現(xiàn)一、寫(xiě)出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：Month zerokilo photopianoplant memberfridge German boy toyorange chairclass bench glassbrush boxpencil-boxwish inch fish watchtomato potatoknife half housewife leaf shelfwolf thieffactorydictionarybutterflycityfamilycountry babypolicemanpolicewoman man woman foot tooth woman doctor childmouse gooseChinese fish sheep deer 二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. There are some(potato) in the box.2. Look! There are a lot of(leaf)on the ground.3. Some(policeman)are standing there.4. He has three(boy).5. There are a few(people)in the room.6.I would like three(glass)of (milk).7. It has four(foot).8. There are two(baby)in the cradle.9. These(watch)and(clock)are made in this (city).10. Jack s father bought a pair of new(shoe) for him last Sunday.11. The two(woman doctor) are my(girlfriend)12. Please pass me two pieces of(paper).13. Tell me if there are two boxes of(pen) in it.14. These (glass) are made of (glass).15. How many(time)have you been to Paris?16. Tomorrow two (Australian) and three (Frenchman)will visit the village.17. There is something wrong with one of the elephants(foot).18. My cousin was so happy because he made few (mistake)in his maths test.19. The man is waiting for Toms and Mays (teacher).20. The old house is so dirty and there are a lot of (mouse) here.三、用名詞的所有格填空：1. Its every (child) dream to own a car.2. (Children) clothes arent cheap.3. She has gone to the (hairdresser) (美容師) .4. Whats the name of (Charles) .5. How much are you paid for a (day) work?6. Repairing the car is about five (days) work.7. Anna is a (girl) name.8. (Girls) names are different from (boys) names.四單復(fù)數(shù)句型轉(zhuǎn)換：A. 單數(shù)句變復(fù)數(shù)句1. There is a bookshelf in my bedroom.2. She has an old dress in her wardrobe. 3. I will work hard all my life. 4. That taxi driver is Xiao Hongs uncle. 5. Can you see a deer running in the forest? B. 復(fù)數(shù)句變單數(shù)句1. The young women are all in white trousers. 2. They want to be editors-in-chief. 3. These boys will make friends with those girls. 4. The old ladies have many grandchildren. 五、選擇填空：1. There are twelve in a year.A. month B. monthes C. months2. Three are standing over there.A. police B. policeman C. policemen3. The soldiers gave their to the country in the war（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）.A. lives B. lifes C. life4. Look! Here is your .A. skirt B. shirts C. skirts5. Half of the were taken in England.A. photoes B. photos C. photo6. I have today.A. headache B. a headache C. headaches7. Im interested in one of these .A. story B. stories C. storys8. My uncle watched a few TV last week.A. play B. plaies C. plays9. She had three for lunch.A. bottles of orange juices B. bottle of orange juice C. bottles of orange juice10. There are two on the plate.A. pieces of meat B. piece of meat C. pieces of meats11. Mother bought a pair of for me last week.A. shoe B. glasses C. glass12. Several will visit our school next Monday.A. Japaneses B. Americans C. Englishman13. Can you give us any to do?A. works B. worker C. work14. Its about an walk from here to my home.A. hours B. hours C. hours 15. are sitting at the breakfast table.A. The family B. Family C. Families16. turn yellow in autumn.A. Leaves B. Leafs C. leaf17. In a few time we hope to cover those mountains.A. years B. years C. years18. Twenty young in our village joined the army last year.A. peoples B. peoples C. people19. are a hardworking people.A. Chinese B. The Chineses C. The Chinese20. Jack took away my pencil-box by .A. a mistake B. mistake C. mistakes21. Mother does in my family.A. much housework B. much homework C. many houseworks22. Please make for the old man.A. a room B. room C. the room 23. Ill give you to finish the work.A. two days time B. two days time C. two days time24. We walk with our .A. foots B. foot C. feet25. She often goes to the factory , not by bus.A. by foot B. on foot C. by her foot26. How many can you see in the picture?A. monkey B. monkeys C. monkeies27. “What is she?” “She is .”A. Lily B. her sister C. a girl student28. The sun rises in the and goes down in the .A. west, east B. ease, north C. east, west29. Half of the telephone calls are made in English.A. worlds B. world C. worlds30.