高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí).doc

Step 1 Leading-in （導(dǎo)入）用下劃線標(biāo)出下文中定語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句。He is a clever student. He is a student who is good at English. He lives in a small village. His grandfather lived there before. I know a girl who lives in the village too. Her name is Wang Fang. Wang Fangs father is a farmer. He is a hard-working farmer.Step 2 語(yǔ)法講解1：有關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)概念1）功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語(yǔ) 2）位置：定語(yǔ)從句置于被修飾詞之后：Those who are willing to attend the party sign here please.3）先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞4）關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的都稱關(guān)系詞2：關(guān)系詞的雙重身份及其選用原則1）先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。 2）看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。先行詞前指代先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語(yǔ)從句后在從句中做句子成分人 who 主語(yǔ)(說(shuō)明是“誰(shuí)”) 人 whom 賓語(yǔ)(說(shuō)明是“誰(shuí)”)人 whose定語(yǔ)(說(shuō)明是“誰(shuí)的”)人 that 主語(yǔ) /賓語(yǔ)物 which 主語(yǔ) /賓語(yǔ)時(shí)間when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)原因why原因狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)人物/事件/句子as 主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ) 3：熟記如下原則:A：關(guān)系詞必用which 的定語(yǔ)從句1）在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 2）在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)3）當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí) 4）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)B：當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),宜用that1）先行詞被 形容詞最高級(jí) 序數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of 等修飾時(shí)。2）先行詞被allmuchlittlenonefewonesomethinganything等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。3）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。 He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.4）當(dāng)主句中含疑問(wèn)詞which時(shí)。Which are the books that you bought for me?5）先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago。C: who與that都可指人時(shí)，情況多用who作關(guān)系詞 .1）當(dāng)主句是there be句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用 。2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用 。3） whom在從句中只作賓語(yǔ)，可被 取代。4）當(dāng)主句是who作疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用 。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window?D: whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。 Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving? Do you know Mr. Smith, the story of whom is very moving? There is a room, whose window faces the river.（whose引導(dǎo)定從修飾room）There is a room, the window of which faces the river.There is a room, and its window faces the river. (2并列句用and 連接)1) She has two brothers, wives are doctors.2) She has two brothers, and wives are doctors.E：關(guān)系代詞as,作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導(dǎo)。1. Such books as you bought are useful.2. The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.注意：區(qū)別 such that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。They are such lovely children that we love them much. the same that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。I want to use the same tool that as you used just now.F: 關(guān)系副詞when與where、why：when 指時(shí)間 = in / at / on / during which；where指地點(diǎn) = in / at / from / which；why指原因 = for which1）I heard the reason_ he gave .2）I heard the reason _he was late . 3）Is this the factory _ you visited yesterday？ 4）Is this the factory _you worked before？5）I will never forget the days_we spent together_we travelled in America.Step3 定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)： 1. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which2. Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spokeStep 4 高考鏈接1. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. (2011全國(guó)卷I) A. that B. which C. whose D. what2. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. (11上海卷) A. which B. where C. when D. as定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)一定語(yǔ)從句的理解： 用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的詞成為定語(yǔ)：例如： a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red 能否再舉出類似的例子_以上的定語(yǔ)都是單詞或短語(yǔ)，如果定語(yǔ)是句子時(shí)，便成為定語(yǔ)從句。 I know the girl in red I know the girl who is in red (這樣變化幫助理解，前者表示更簡(jiǎn)潔，所以一般我們會(huì)在無(wú)法用某個(gè)詞匯或短語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞時(shí)，我們選擇定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)幫助)I know the girl. The girl is in red. (兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句) （定語(yǔ)從句）I know the girl who is in red. 找出被修飾的詞是_。這個(gè)詞就成為先行詞。其中連接兩個(gè)句子的是_。 它就成為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞在從句中指代先行詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，觀察上句，關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)_。二試一試：觀察下列幾組簡(jiǎn)單句，并試著寫出定語(yǔ)從句。(后面附有定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的用法，先學(xué)習(xí)后，可以幫助)I know the woman. The woman is come from France. _He loves the dog. His mother bought the dog for him._This is the soldier. The soldier saved the boys life. _ He was friendly to the stranger. He met the stranger in the street. _Lilly bought the book. The books cover is pink. _The boy studies hard. The boys father is a doctor. _This is the school. My mother works in the school. _I still remember that day. You left for Beijing on that day. _Could you explain the reason? You were late for the reason. _I will never forget the time. I spent the time with my grandparents. _三：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr. Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hang Zhou, _lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai, _live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing, _is the capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _I saw you, I recognized(認(rèn)出)you.18. This is the very novel about_weve talked so much.19. This is the way_he did it.20. Who is the student _was late for school today?21. Who _knows him wants to make friends with him?22. She loves playing soccer is very popular in the UK.23. He lives in the room_window faces to the south.24. The park is a very quiet place you can have e rest.25. This is Mr. John for_son I brought a book yesterday.26. This is Mr. John for_I bought a book yesterday.27. This is the hour_the place is always full of women and children.28. And there is one point _Id like your advice.29. Winter is the time of year_the days are short and nights are long.30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend.四：高考題：1.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. （20山東卷） A. they B. where C. what D. that2. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. （2011江西卷）A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which3. A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. （2011浙江卷） A. when B. that C. where D. there4. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. （2011福建卷） A. which B. where C. what D. who 5. The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. （2011天津卷） A. when B. that C. where D. which五：翻譯：1：我在實(shí)驗(yàn)高中讀書。 2：我在實(shí)驗(yàn)高中讀書，實(shí)驗(yàn)高中位于我們縣城南部。（用定語(yǔ)從句） 3：我熱愛中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)。 4：我熱愛中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)，古代中國(guó)哲學(xué)很有意思。（用定語(yǔ)從句） 5：孔子是位偉大的哲學(xué)家，他影響了中國(guó)2000多年。 6：墨子是中國(guó)古代很有影響力的哲學(xué)家。 7：墨子是中國(guó)古代很有影響力的哲學(xué)家，他以穿著不修邊幅和行為舉止而文明。 定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)二1.Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which2.This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom3.Do you know the man _ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whom4.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. when D. what5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places _ you can visit during the winter holidays. A. where B. which C. what D. that6.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit Korea. A. which B. who C. what D. how7.I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 8.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 9.Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 10.-What kind of music do you like? -I like music _ has great lyrics. A. that B. what C. who D. whose11.That is the only thing _ I bought from the supermarket. A. which B. that C. what D. where12.The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which13.The computer _ last week has gone wrong. A. which I bought it B. I bought C. what I bought D. I bought it14.That is the poor boy _ father died in a traffic accident last year. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which15.Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree? A. who B. whom C. which D. where16.Is the woman _ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother? A. who B. whom C. which D. what17.The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher. A. what B. whose C. whom D. which18.I like to live in a house _ is big and bright. A. that B. who C. how D. why19.I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whom B. which C. who D. when20.I am one of the boys _never late for school. A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk _ would like to speak with you. A. he B. who C. which D. whom22.I love the small village _ I was born. A. that B. which C. where D. whose23.Here comes the girl _ handwriting is the best in our class. A. which B. whose C. that D. who24.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes _ can last a long time. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose25.The boy _ is watering the flowers is my cousin. A. which B. what C. whom D. that 26.-Do you know everybody _ came to the party? -No, I dont know the one_ you had a long talk with near the door. A. who;/ B. whose; that C. that; which D. /; whom27. The boy_ won the first prize is called Roy. A. when B. whom C. who D. which28.Children like houses _ are painted in different colours. A. which B. they C. those D. what29.Do you think most students prefer tests _ have easy questions? A. who B. where C. that D. it30. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory _ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory. A. where B. whose C.