直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的用法及講解.doc

直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的用法及講解定義：直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號(hào)。John said, Im going to London with my father. 約翰說(shuō)：我要和父親到倫敦去。（引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語(yǔ)） 間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，多數(shù)以賓語(yǔ)從句的形式構(gòu)成。John said that he was going to London with his father. 約翰說(shuō)，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)） 直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)相互轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題第一：人稱的變化。順口溜：在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí):“一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”。“一隨主”是指如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化如： She said, My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二隨賓”是指若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱，如： He said to Kate. What is your sister doing now?He asked Kate what her sister was doing then。 “第三人稱不更新”是指如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾,從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如： Mr Smith said,Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)： 1如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語(yǔ)原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按下列變化： （1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí) （2） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) （3） 一般將來(lái)時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) （4） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí) （5） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí) （6） 過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變，仍為過(guò)去完成時(shí) 但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。 直接引語(yǔ)是客觀事實(shí)、真理。 The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth,” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 He said, Im a boy, not a girl. He said that he is a boy ,not a girl. 直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21, 1980。 He said to me, I was born in 1973. He told me that he was born in 1973. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。 如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如： Peter said. You had better come here today。 Peter said I had better go there that day如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有since, when, while 引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)則不變。如： He said to me, I have taught English since he came here . He told me that he had taught English since he came here. 三、如何變狀語(yǔ)： 指示代詞 this -that these- those 表示時(shí)間的詞 now - then today- that day Tonight-that nightthis week(month ,etc) -that week (month ,etc) yesterday -the day before last week(month) - the week(month) before three days(a year)ago-three days(a year)before tomorrow -the next (following ) day next week(month)-the next(following)week(month) 表地點(diǎn)的詞 here -there 動(dòng)詞 bring - take come -go四、如何變句型： 直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said (that) their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim. You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. Do you go to school by bus or by bike? he asked me.He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)仍由原疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)（賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序）。 She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如： Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Lets”開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“suggest +動(dòng)名詞（或從句）?！比纾?He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. .直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí) 間接引語(yǔ)為what 或how 引導(dǎo)，也可以用that 引導(dǎo)。 She said, What a lovely day it is ! She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 習(xí)題：1, Our teacher told us,The sun rises in the east.2, Lucy said,”Ill graduate from here next year.”3, Peter asked,”What are you doing this evening,Mary?”4, Bob shouted,”Stop making so much noise,children.” 5, Beth said to me,”What a good time we are having now!”6, Nancy told me ,”I have lived in this city for five years.”7,”There will be a good report next Monday,wont there?”asked Milly.8,T