高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦 專(zhuān)題突破解題策略1 閱讀理解之主旨大意題 新人教版必修1.ppt

路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮吾將上下而求索 走向高考 英語(yǔ) 人教版 高考總復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題突破解題策略 一 必修一 第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦 主旨大意題在閱讀理解試題中所占比例及難度都相當(dāng)大 主旨大意是作者在文章中要表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容 是全文的核心 是作者在文章中努力通過(guò)各種信息來(lái)闡明的中心話題 把握主旨大意對(duì)正確理解全文具有重要意義 主旨大意題旨在考查考生對(duì)文章大意的理解和概括能力 考題中往往出現(xiàn)下列詞語(yǔ) subject topic theme title mainidea等 閱讀理解之主旨大意題 1 采用瀏覽法抓住主題句 主題句通常在文章開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾 而段落主題句有可能在一段的開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾 主題句常出現(xiàn)在 總結(jié)性 語(yǔ)言的 信號(hào)詞或短語(yǔ) 后 如 insummary inaword asaresult finally inshort inconclusion和inbrief等 主題句常出現(xiàn)在 轉(zhuǎn)移話題式 語(yǔ)言的 信號(hào)詞 后 如 but however nevertheless hence等 標(biāo)題的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn) 獨(dú)特新穎 概括性強(qiáng) 短小精悍 典例1 2015 安徽高考b whenherfivedaughterswereyoung heleneanalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity 團(tuán)結(jié) toshowthis shehelduponechopstick representingoneperson thensheeasilybrokeitintotwopieces next shetiedseveralchopstickstogether representingafamily sheshowedthegirlsitwashardtobreakthetiedchopsticks thislessonaboutfamilyunitystayedwiththedaughtersastheygrewup heleneanandherfamilyownalargerestaurantbusinessincalifornia eventuallythegirlsallgraduatedfromcollegeandwentawaytoworkforthemselves butonebyone thedaughtersreturnedtoworkinthefamilybusiness theyopenednewrestaurantsinsanfranciscoandlosangeles eventhoughfamilymemberssometimesdisagreedwitheachother theyworkedtogethertomakethebusinesssuccessful daughterelisabethexplains ourmothertaughtusthattosucceedwemusthaveunity andtohaveunitywemusthavepeace withoutthestrengthofthefamily thereisnobusiness theirexpandingbusinessbecamealargecorporationin1996 withthreegenerationsofansworkingtogether nowthean scorporationmakesmorethan 20millioneachyear althoughtheybeganwithasmallrestaurant theyhadbigdreams andtheyworkedtogether nowtheyareabigsuccess 63 whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage a howtorunacorporationb strengthcomesfrompeacec howtoachieveabigdreamd familyunitybuildssuccess 解析 d根據(jù)第一段 heleneanalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity 團(tuán)結(jié) 和第三段 tosucceedwemusthaveunity 與 andtheyworkedtogether nowtheyareabigsuccess 可知 文章主要講的是家庭團(tuán)結(jié)對(duì)取得成功的重要性 文章沒(méi)有講怎樣經(jīng)營(yíng)一家大型公司 也沒(méi)有提到怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)偉大夢(mèng)想 典例2 2014 浙江高考a wealthstartswithagoalandsavingadollaratatime callitthepiggybankstrategy 策略 therearelessonsinthattime honoredcoin savingscontainer originallyyouhadtobreakthebanktogettothemoney bringinginasenseofseriousnessintosavings whilepiggybanksteachchildrenthewisdomofsaving adultsoftenneedtorelearnchildhoodlessons thinkaboutthethingsinlifethatrequirelargeamountsofmoney collegeeducation weddings cars medicalcare startingabusiness buyingahome andfunstufflikegreattrips sowhenyouhavemoney takeoffthetop10 putitaside saveandinvestwisely 45 thelastparagraphtalksabout a theseriousnessofeducatingchildrenb theenjoymentoftakingagreattripc theimportanceofmanagingmoneyd thedifficultyofstartingabusiness 解析 c文章由piggybank文化談起 介紹它名稱(chēng)的由來(lái)及發(fā)展 最后告誡人們要及早明智地儲(chǔ)備好自己的錢(qián)以備后用 由文章最后一段的敘述可知人一生中需要錢(qián)的時(shí)候很多 所以最后一句話告誡人們當(dāng)有錢(qián)時(shí)要儲(chǔ)存 明智地投資 so為總結(jié)性詞匯 故可知答案選c項(xiàng) 2 抓住段落大意 概括中心思想 尋找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在尋找段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的 各段落中心的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想 不能以偏概全 也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛 要恰如其分 典例3 2015 江蘇高考c supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization it sverylikelythatyou llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization sactivities todoso itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework let sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved forexample peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences andtostrengthensocialrelationships ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate toselectvolunteers youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms unfortunately theseprogramscanshiftpeople swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor e g ivolunteerbecauseit simportanttome toanexternalfactor e g ivolunteerbecausei mrequiredtodoso whenthathappens peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust oncepeoplebegintovolunteer whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime 64 whatisthebesttitleofthepassage a howtogetpeopletovolunteerb howtostudyvolunteerbehaviorsc howtokeepvolunteers interestd howtoorganizevolunteeractivities 解析 a本文是一篇議論文 文章分析講述志愿者為什么自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會(huì) 文章首段提出假設(shè) 假如你是一名組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人 很想得到志愿者的幫助 并指出在此之前 必須弄清志愿者為什么自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會(huì) 并通過(guò)3個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究志愿者的意圖 因此a項(xiàng) 如何使人們從事志愿者服務(wù) 是文章的最佳標(biāo)題 3 抓住主線和關(guān)鍵 歸納文章大意 沒(méi)有主題句的文章 可以分析每段的段落大意以及表現(xiàn)活躍的高頻詞匯來(lái)確定主題 最后進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié) 典例4 2014 福建高考d perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney strangeasitmayseem ifyou reunsatisfied theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires notthatyoucannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudon thaveenoughtastes realrichesconsistofwell developedandheartycapacities 能力 toenjoylife mostpeoplearealreadyswamped 淹沒(méi) withthings theyeat wear goandtalktoomuch theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms yettheirhouseoflifeisahut yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion 豪宅 aroyalpalace everynewtaste everyadditionalinterest everyfreshenthusiasmaddsaroom hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave sports withoutwhichyouremainpoor meanalotinlife nomatterwhoyouare youwouldbemorehuman andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays ifyoucould anddid playabit whateverroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepadding 71 whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage a houseoflifeb secretofwealthc restandrefreshmentd interestandenthusiasm 解析 a本文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是精神追求 且文中多處出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞life以及houseoflife 故可確定答案是a