托福TPO(1-19)閱讀答案

1 ANSWER KEY for T OEFL READING TPO (1-19 ), OG, Official M odel Te st, Online Test huangxiaoh TPO 1 . 4 Groundwater . 4 The Origins Of Theater . 4 Timberline Vegetation On Mountains . 5 TPO 2 . 6 The Origins Of Cetaceans. 6 Desert Formation . 9 Early Cinema . 12 TPO 3 . 15 Architecture. 15 Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer . 15 The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystem s . 16 TPO 4 . 17 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound . 17 Cave Art in Europe . 17 Petroleum Resources . 18 TPO 5 . 19 Minerals And Plants . . 19 The Origin of The Pacific Island Pe ople . 19 The Cambrian Ex plosion . 20 TPO 6 . 21 Powering the Industrial Revolution . 21 William Smith . 21 Infantile Amnesia . 22 TPO 7 . 23 The Geologic Histor y of t he Mediterranean . 23 Ancient Rome and Greece . 23 Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples . 24 TPO 8 . 25 The Rise of Teotihuacan . . 25 Extinction of The Dinosaurs . 25 Running Water On Mars . 26 TPO 9 . 27 Colonizing the Americas via the N orthwest Coast . 27 Reflection In Teaching . 27 The Arrival Of Plant Life In Hawaii . 28 TPO 10 . 29 Chine se Pottery . 29 2 Variations in the Climate . 29 Seventeenth-Centur y European Economic Growth . 30 TPO 11 . 31 Ancient Egyptian Sc ulpture . 31 Orientation and Navigation . . 31 Begging by Nestlings . 32 TPO 12 . 32 Whic h Hand D id T he y U se ? . 32 Transition to Sound in Film . 33 Wat er in t he De sert . 33 TPO 13 . 34 Types of Social Groups . 34 Biological Clocks . 34 Methods of Studying Infant Perception . 34 TPO 14 . 34 Children and Advertising . 34 Maya Water Problems. 34 Pastoralism in A ncient Inner Eurasia . 34 TPO 15 . 34 A Warm-blooded Turtle . . 34 Mass Extinctions . 34 Glacier Formation . 34 TPO 16 . 35 Trade and the Ancient Mi ddle East . 35 Development of the Periodic Table . 35 Planets in Our Solar System . 35 TPO 17 . 35 Europes Early Sea Trade with Asia . 35 Animal Signals in the Rain Forest . 35 Symbiotic Relationships . 35 TPO 18 . 35 Industrialization in theNetherlandsandScandinavia . 35 The Mystery of Yawning . . 35 Lightning . 35 TPO19 . 36 The Roman Armys Impact on Britain . 36 Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems . 36 Discovering the Ice Ages . . 36 OFFICIAL GUID E RE ADING . 38 Applie d Arts and Fine Arts . 38 Aggression . 39 Artisans and Industrialization . 43 Swimming Machines . 47 Nineteenth-century Politics in the U nited States. 50 3 The Expression of Em otions . 54 Geology and Landscape . . 58 Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores . 61 Loie Fuller . 62 Green Icebergs. 63 ONLINE TES T . 64 Opportunists and Com petitors . 64 Lascaux Cave Paintings . 65 Electricity from Wind . 66 OFFICIAL M ODEL TES T . 67 Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction . 67 4 TPO 1 Groundwater 1. 3 2. 3 3. 2 4. 4 5. 4 6. 1 7. 1 8. 1 9. 3 10. 2 11. 4 12. 1 13. 4 14. 1 2 3 The Origins Of Theater 1. 4 2. 1 3. 1 4. 4 5. 3 6. 3 7. 2 8. 4 9. 1 10. 2 11. 3 12. 4 13. 4 5 14. 2 5 6 Timberline Vegetation On Mountains 1. 4 2. 1 3. 2 4. 3 5. 3 6. 2 7. 2 8. 1 9. 3 10. 4 11. 3 12. 4 13. 2 4 6 6 TPO 2 The Origins Of Cetaceans 1. 2 This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 1. Choice 2 is the best answer. It is esse ntially a rephrasing of the statement in paragraph 1 that blowholes cannot disguise cetaceans affinitie s with other mammals. The other three c hoice s are refuted, either directly or indirectly, by that paragraph. 2 1 This is an Infere nce que stion asking for information that can be inferred from paragraph 1 . Choice 1 is the best answer because paragraph 1 says that sea otters are unlike early mammals whose appearances are not easy to imagine. By inference, then, the early appearance of sea otters m ust be ea sy (or not difficult) to imagine. 3 3 This is a Vocabulary question. The word being tested is precious. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is c hoice 3, valuable. Anything that is precious is very im portant and therefore valuable. 4. 3 This is a Factual Information que stion asking for spec ific infor mation that can be found in the passage. Choice 3 is the best answer. Paragraph 3 describes the differences a nd similaritie s between Pa kicetus and m odern cetaceans. Sentence 3 of that paragraph states that their skulls are similar. The other three choices describe difference s, not similarities. 5. 1 This is a Reference question. The word be ing tested is It. That word is highlighted in the passage. This is a simple pr onoun referent item. Choice I , Pakicetus is the c orrect answer. The word It here refer s to a creature that probably bred and gave birth on land. Pakicetus is the only one of the c hoice s to which this could apply. 6. 2 This is a Vocabulary que stion. The word bei ng tested is exposed. It is highlighted in the pa ssage. The correct answer is choice 2, visible. Exposed means unc overed. A skeleton that is uncovered can be seen. Visible means can be seen. 7 7. 4 This is a Factual Information que stion asking for spec ific infor mation that can be found in the passage. Choice 4 is the best answer because it is the only detail about the skeleton of Basilosaurus mentioned in paragraph 4, meaning that it is significant. Choice 1 is true, but it is not discussed in the detail that choice 4 is, and does not represent the significance of the discovery. Choice 3 is not mentioned, and c hoice 2 is not :me. 8. 4 This is an Inference que stion a sking for a conclusion that can be drawn from the e ntire passage. Choice 4 is the best answer ba sed on the last sentence of paragraph 4, which de scribe s Basilosaurus as a fully marine whale. That implie s that everything it did, including breeding and giving birth, could have been done only in a marine envir onme nt. 9. 2 This is an Inference question asking for a conclusion that can be drawn from the passage. Paragraph 5 explains that this discover y provided im portant information to scientist s that they might not have been able to obtain without it. Therefore, you can infer that the discovery wa s a lucky one. The passage offer s no support for the other choices. Therefore, choice 2 is the best answer. 10. 3 This is a Sentence Sim plification question. As with all of the se items, a single sentence in the pa ssage is highlighted: The structure of the backbone shows, howe ver, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whale s by m oving the rear portion of its body up and dow n, even though a fluke was missing. Choice 3 is the be st answer because it contains all of the essential information in the highlighted sentence. Choice 1 is not true because A mbulocetus did have a backbone. Choice 2 is not true because the sentence says that the backbone showed how the Ambulocetus swam, not that it was missing a fluke. Choice 4 is untrue because the se ntence states that Ambulocetus and moder n whales swam in the same way. 11. 4 This is a Vocabulary question. The word bei ng tested is propulsion. It is highlighted in the pa ssage. Choice 4, moving forward is the be st answer because it means the action of prope lling. The whale in the sentence used its hind legs to push itsel f forward in the water. 12. 2 This is an Insert Text question. You can see the four black squares in paragraphs 1 and 2 that represe nt the 8 possible answer choices here. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known fr om the fossil record. How was t he gap between a walking mammal and a swim ming whale bridged? Mi ssing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans. Very exciting discoverie s have finally allowe d scientists to reconstruct the m ost likel y origins of cetaceans. In 1979. a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found w hat prove d to be the oldest fossil w hale. The sentence provide d i s This is a que stion that ha s puzzled scie ntists for ages. The be st place to insert it is at square 2. The sentence that precedes square 2 is in the form of a rhetorical que stion and the inserted sentence ex plicitly provide s a re sponse to it. None of the other sentences preceding squares is a que stion, so the inserted sentence cannot logically follow any one of them. 13-14. 1 2 5 9 Desert Formation 1. 2 This is a Vocabulary que stion. The word being tested is threatened. It is highlighted in the passage . To threaten means to speak or act as if you will cause harm to someone or something. The object of the threat is in danger of being hurt, so the c orrect answer is choice 2, endangered. 2. 2 This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 3. The correct answer is ch