水利水電工程地質英語常用詞匯.doc

水利水電工程地質常用詞匯（漢英對照）1.地質年代 geological period22.巖性rock character221 第四系沉積物quaternary deposit222 沉積巖 sedimentary rock22.3變質巖 metamorphic rock32.4 火成巖 igneous rocks53.常見礦物 mineral64.顏色(Colour)75.巖石與巖體結構(Rock and rockmass structure)85.1巖石結構 Rock structure85.2巖體結構 Rock mass structure86.地質構造Geological structure86.1斷層 (fault)96.2褶皺 (fold)96.3節(jié)理及夾層(joint and interbed)106.4結構面性狀107.物理地質現象107.1風化、蝕變、卸荷107.2崩塌、滑坡117.3巖溶(karst)118水文地質118.1地下水類型1182滲流狀態(tài)119巖體力學指標1291巖石力學參數1292土力學參數129.3巖體力學參數1210.建筑材料(construction material)1211. 試驗(experiment)1312.水工設計(hydraulic design)1512.1設計階段(design stage)1512.2水工建筑物(hydraulic structure)1513.地質圖件和圖表1713.1地質圖件1713.2地質圖表2014.其它2614.1地形、地貌2614.2 地震2714.3 地應力2714.4 邊坡2914.5 基礎2914.6 地下硐室3014.7 地質勘探3214.8 測量3314.9 施工34391.地質年代 geological period代（界） Era(erathem)新生代（界） cenozoic era (erathem)中生代（界） mesozoic era (erathem)古生代（界） palaeozoic era (erathem)元古代（界） proterozoic era (erathem)太古代（界）archaeozoic era (erathem)晚元古代（上元古亞紀） upper proterozoic subera (suberathem)中元古代（中元古亞紀） middle proterozoic subera (suberathem)早元古代（下元古亞紀） lower proterozoic subera (suberathem)紀（系） Period (system)第四紀（系） quaternary period (system)第三紀（系） tertiary period (system)晚第三紀（系） neogene period (system)早第三紀（系） neogene (paleogene) period (system)白堊紀（系）cretaceous period (system)朱羅紀（系） jurassic period (system)三疊紀（系） triassic period (system)二疊紀（系） permian period (system)石灰紀（系） carboniferous period (system)泥盆紀（系） devonian period (system)志留紀（系） silurian period (system)奧陶紀（系） ordovician period (system)寒武紀（系）combrain period (system)震旦紀（系） sinian period (system)世（統(tǒng)） epoch (series)全新世（統(tǒng)） holocene epoch (series)更新世（統(tǒng)）pleistocene epoch (series)上新世（統(tǒng)） pliocene epoch (series)中新世（統(tǒng)） miocene epoch (series)漸新世（統(tǒng)） oligocene epoch (series)始新世（統(tǒng)） eocene epoch (series)古新世（統(tǒng)） paleccene epoch (series)群Group階（組）Formation2.巖性rock character21 第四系沉積物quaternary deposit堆積物 accumulation 沖積物 alluvium洪積物 diluvium坡積物 slope wash滑坡堆積物 slide sediments22 沉積巖 sedimentary rock漂石 erratic boulder孤石 lonestone塊石 rock block卵石 pebble碎石 debris礫石 gravel砂 sand 粉土 silt砂壤土 sandy loam壤土 loam淤泥 mud粘土 clay填筑土 backfill礫巖 conglomerate礫砂巖 conglomeratic sandstone礫石層 gravel礫屑白云巖 dolorudite礫屑石灰?guī)r calcirudite礫屑巖 rudite(rudyte)礫質灰?guī)r（粗粒狀灰?guī)r） rudstone礫質泥 gravelly sand 礫質片麻巖 psephite-gneiss礫質砂 gravelly sand礫質砂泥巖 yakatagite礫質巖 psephite砂巖 sandstone砂質角礫巖 sandy breccia砂質角巖 arenaceous hornfels砂質礫巖 sandy conglomerate砂質泥 sandy mud砂質泥灰?guī)r sandy marl 砂質粘土 sandy clay 砂質凝灰?guī)r psammite tuff砂質燧石 sandy chert砂質亞粘土 barra vermelho砂質巖 psammite石英砂巖 quartzose sandstone長石砂巖 feldspathic巖屑砂巖 lithite角礫巖 breccia粉砂巖 siltstone粘土巖 claystone（clay rock）粘土板巖 caly slate粘土化斑巖 claystone porphyry粘土泥灰?guī)r clay marl粘土頁巖 clay shale粘土質粉砂 clayey silt粘土質角礫巖 clayey breccia 粘土質砂 clayey sand粘土質砂巖 clayey sandstone頁巖 shale鈣質頁巖 calcareous shale鐵質頁巖 feruginous shale硅質頁巖 silious shale炭質頁巖 carbonaceous shale油頁巖 kerogen shale( oil shale)灰?guī)r、石灰?guī)r limestone鮞狀灰?guī)r oolitic limestone粒狀灰?guī)r granular limestone板狀灰?guī)r platy limestone泥質灰?guī)r argillaceous limestone結晶灰?guī)r crystalline limestone致密灰?guī)r compact limestone生物碎屑灰?guī)r bioclastic limestone白云巖 dolomite白云質灰?guī)r dolomitic limestone白云石質大理巖 dolomitic marble 白云質角巖 dolomitic hornfels白云質泥灰?guī)r dolomitic-marl白云質泥巖 dolomitic mudstone白云石粘土質泥灰?guī)r dolomite-clay marl白云石片巖 dolomitic schist白云石砂巖 doloarenite 白云石碳酸巖 dolomite carbonatite白云石質礫巖 dolomitic marble泥灰?guī)r marl泥灰質粘土 marly clay泥灰質壤土 marlaceous loam泥灰質砂巖 marly sandstone2.3變質巖 metamorphic rock破碎角礫巖 catalastic breccia碎裂巖 cataclasite糜棱巖 mylonite千枚糜棱巖 phyllonite板巖 slate角斑巖 keratophyre角斑玢巖 keratophyrite千枚巖 phyllite片巖 schist云母片巖 mica schist滑石片巖 talc schist角閃石片巖 amphibole schist藍閃石片巖 glaucophane schist綠巖（綠閃石片巖） noricite片麻巖 gneiss流紋片麻巖 rhyolite-gneiss大理巖 marble鈣質白云石大理巖 calc-dolomite marble石英巖 quartzite變質砂巖 metasandstone變質長石砂巖 meta-arkose變質大理巖 metamarble變質輝長巖 metagabbro變質基性巖 metabasite變質角閃巖 metaamphibolite變質結晶巖 metaceystalline變質礫巖 metaconglomerate變質泥巖 metapelite變質片巖 metamorphic schist變質閃長巖 metadiorite變質石英巖 metaquartzite變質碎屑巖 metasedimentary變質碳酸鹽巖metamorphic carbonate變質碳酸巖 metacarbonatite變質偉晶巖 metapegmatite變質細碧巖 metaspilite變質玄武巖 metabasalt變質英安巖 eodacite變質正長巖 metamorphic syenite變質粉砂巖 metamorphic siltstone角閃巖(斜長角閃巖) amphibolite角閃片巖 amphibolite-schist角閃安山巖 hungarite角閃玢巖 orbite角閃二輝麻粒巖 pyribolites角閃沸煌巖 giumarrite角閃鈣長巖 matraite角閃橄欖巖 cortlandtite角閃硅酸巖 muglalite角閃花崗巖 pladorite角閃輝長巖 bojite角閃輝綠玢巖 proterobase porphyrite角閃輝綠巖 proterobase角閃輝霞巖 mestigmerite榴輝巖 eclogite榴輝橄欖巖 gordunite榴輝角閃巖 eclogite榴輝藍晶巖 grospydite榴輝鐵橄巖 eulysite輝石巖 pyroxenite(pyroxenolite)輝石安山巖 pyroxene andesite輝石粗面巖 pyroxene trachyte輝石二長巖 pyroxene monzonite輝石橄欖巖 pyroxene peridotite輝石黑云母花崗巖 pyroxene-biotite granite輝石黑云母閃長巖 pyroxene-biotite diorite輝石花崗巖 pyroxene granite輝石輝長巖 pyroxene gabbro輝石輝綠巖 pyroxene diabase輝石堿性正長巖 pyroxene alkali輝石角閃巖 pyroxene hornblendite輝石麻粒巖 pyroxene granulite輝石片麻巖 pyroxene gneiss輝石閃長巖 pypyroxene diorite輝石石英巖 pyroxene quartzite輝石偉晶巖 pyroxenite-pegmatite輝石細晶巖 pyroxene aplite輝石巖質蛇紋巖 pyroxeneite serpentine輝石英安巖 pyroxene dacite輝石正長巖 pyroxene syenite2.4 火成巖 igneous rocks橄欖巖 peridotite二輝橄欖巖 lherzolite輝石橄欖巖 pyroxene peridotite角閃橄欖巖 hudsonite橄欖輝長巖 olivine-gabbro石英輝長巖 quartz-gabbro正長輝長巖 orthoclase-gabbro , syenite gabbro, syenogabbro橄欖蘇長巖 hyperite輝綠巖 diabase橄欖輝綠巖 olivine-diabase石英輝綠巖 quartz-diabase拉斑輝綠巖 devonite輝長玢巖 garrbo-porphyrite玄武巖 basalt拉斑玄武巖 tholeiite安山玄武巖 andesite basalt苦橄玄武巖 hillhouse basalt正長玄武巖 basalatite藍方玄武巖 hauynite(hauyne-basalt)粗粒玄武巖 dolerite隱晶玄武巖 aphanitic basalt閃長巖 diorite石英閃長巖 quartz-diorite角閃閃長巖 hornblende diorite輝石閃長巖 augite-diorite, pyroxenediorite安山巖 andesite安山玄武巖 andesite basalt安山拉長巖 andesilabradorite安山斑巖 andesite-porphyry安山凝灰?guī)r andesite-tuff花崗巖 granite花崗閃長巖 granodiorite花崗閃長玢巖 coroovadite花崗閃長斑巖 granodiorite-porphyry花崗閃長細晶巖 granodiorite-aplite花崗閃長花斑巖 granodiorite-granophyre花崗片麻巖 granitic gneiss花崗斑巖 granite-porphyry流紋巖 rhyolite, liparite流紋安山巖 rhyoandesite流紋斑巖 liparophyre流紋玄武巖 rhyobasalt流紋英安巖 rhyodacite, dellenite,liparite-dacite英安巖 dacite, quartz andesite英安安山巖 dacite-andesite英安斑巖 dacite-porphyrite英安流紋巖 dacite-liparite正長巖 syenite, sinaite正長斑巖 syenite-porphyry, orthophyre, orthofelsite正長花崗巖 syengranite正長煌斑巖 syenite lamprophyre正長白云巖 krivoserite正長輝長巖 syenogabbro正長輝綠巖 orthobase正長流紋巖 kanzibite正長片麻巖 syenite gneiss正長片巖 syenite-schist正長閃長巖 syenodiorite, syenite diorite霞石正長巖 nepheline syenite霞石正長細晶巖 nepheline syenite-aplite霞石正長偉晶巖 nepheline syenite-pegmatite霞石安山巖 nepheline andesite霞石斑巖 nepheline-porphyry霞石粗安巖 tautirite霞石粗面巖 nepheline trachyte霞石二長巖 nepheline monzonite霞石輝長巖 nepheline gabbro霞石輝石巖nepheline-pyroxene rocks霞石閃長巖 nepheline diorite霞響巖 nephelinitoid phonolite霞石玄武巖 nepheline tachylite霞石巖 nephelinoith響巖 phonolite 響巖質粗面巖 phonolitic trachyte向霞巖 grazinite響質巖 phonolitoid響巖質粗面巖 phonolitic trachyte煌斑巖 lamprophyre煌斑花崗巖 lamprophyre-granite煌斑片巖 lamproschist煌斑正長巖 lamprosyenite云母煌斑巖 mica-lapmrophyre云煌巖 minette閃輝煌斑巖 garganite閃輝正煌巖 vogesite閃斜煌斑巖 spessartite細晶巖 aplite輝長細晶巖 beerbachite,gabbro-aplite閃長細晶巖 diorite-aplite斜長細晶巖 plagiaplite花崗細晶巖 granite-aplite輝長偉晶巖 gabbro-pegmatite花崗偉晶巖 granite- pegmatite正長偉晶巖 syenite-pegmatite火山角礫巖 volcanic breccia火山碎屑巖 pyroclastic rock凝灰?guī)r tuff 3.常見礦物 mineral 滑石 talc葉臘石 pyrophyllite蒙脫石 montmorillonite蛭石 vermiculite高嶺石 kaolinitic 水云母 hydromica石墨 graphite硫 sulfur褐鐵礦 limonite石膏 gypsum綠泥石 chlorite巖鹽 halite海綠石 glauconite黑云母 biotite白云母 muscovite軟錳礦 manganese dioxide鋁土礦 bauxite蛇紋石 serpentine自然金 natural gold方解石 calcite硬石膏 anhydrite重晶石 barytes白云石 dolomite黃銅礦 chalcopyrite閃鋅礦 blende文石 aragonite孔雀石 malachite菱鎂礦 magnesite菱鐵礦 siderite螢石 fluorite硅灰石 wollastonite磷灰石 apatite蘭晶石 disthene普通角閃石 hornblende普通輝石 augite斜方輝石 orthopyroxene透輝石 diopside榍石 titanite蛋白石 opal鈦鐵礦 ilmenite霞石 nepheline透閃石 tremolite陽起石 actinolite白榴石 leucite磁鐵礦 magnetite赤鐵礦 hematite透長石 sinidine正長石 orthoclase斜長石 plagioclase黃鐵礦 pyrite綠簾石 epidote綠泥石 chlorite符山石 egeran橄欖石 olivine石英 quartz鋯石 zircon電氣石 tourmaline紅柱石 andalusite綠柱石 beryl堇青石 cordierite十字石 staurolite黃玉 topaz剛玉 corundum金剛石 diamond伊利石 illite glimmerton 4.顏色(Colour)粉紅色pink橙紅色salmon pink淺粉紅色baby pink鮮粉紅色shocking pink褐色, 茶色brown灰褐色beige紅褐色, 赭石色chocolate 淺褐色sandy beige 駝色camel 琥珀色amber 卡其色khaki 褐紅色maroon 綠色green 苔綠色moss green 鮮綠色emerald green 橄欖綠olive green 藍色blue 土耳其玉色turquoise blue 鈷藍色, 艷藍色cobalt blue 藏青色, 深藍色, 天藍色navy blue 藍綠色aquamarine blue 紅色red 緋紅, 猩紅scarlet 紫紅mauve 葡萄酒紅wine red 紫色purple, violet 淡紫色lavender 淺紫色lilac 古紫色antique violet 紫羅蘭色pansy 白色white 灰白色off-white 象牙色ivory 雪白色snowy white 乳白色oyster white 灰色gray 炭灰色charcoal gray 煙灰色smoky gray 霧灰色misty gray 5.巖石與巖體結構(Rock and rockmass structure)5.1巖石結構 Rock structure斑狀結構 porphyritic texture變余結構 palimpsest structure等粒結構 granulitic texture非均勻結構 heterogeneous texture輝綠結構 ophitic texture角礫結構 brecciated texture礦脈結構 vein texture粒狀結構 granular texture流狀結構 fluidal texture糜棱結構 mylonitic texture砂質結構 arenaceous texture粘土質結構 argillaceous texture微晶結構 microlitic texture顯晶結構 phanerocrystalline texture5.2巖體結構 Rock mass structure散體結構Loose structure碎塊狀結構Fragmental block structure碎屑狀結構Clastic structure碎裂結構Cataclastic structure鑲嵌結構Interlocked structure片碎結構Sheet- Cataclastic structure塊狀結構massive structure次塊狀結構Submassive structure整體結構integral structure6.地質構造Geological structure板狀構造 platy structure變形構造 deformation structure帶狀構造 banded structure單斜構造 uniclinal structure迭瓦構造 decken structure多孔構造 hiatal texture構造裂隙,壓力裂縫,節(jié)理diaclase環(huán)帶構造,帶狀構造zonal structure集合體構造aggregate structure結核狀構造concretionary structure球狀構造globular structure蠕狀構造myrmekitic structure網狀構造mesh structure杏仁狀構造amygdaloidal structure眼狀構造augen structure雁行構造,梯隊構造echelon structure葉理構造foliation structure柱狀構造columnar struture6.1斷層 (fault)正斷層,下落斷層downthrown fault逆斷層,上沖斷層upthrown fault平移斷層displacement fault,strike-slip fault背斜斷層 anticlinal fault 擠壓斷層 compression fault 剪切斷層 shear fault 共軛斷層 conjugated faults 雁列斷層 en echelon faults 地壘斷層 horst fault 迭瓦斷層 mbricate fault 逆掩斷層,上沖斷層overthrust fault張性斷層 tension fault 深斷層 abyssal fault 活斷層 active fault可能活斷層 capable fault斷層擦痕fault striation斷層破碎帶Fractured zone角礫巖Breccia碎裂巖Cataclasite糜棱巖Mylonite斷層泥Fault clay擠壓片狀巖Sliced rock透鏡體Lens石英脈Quartz vein綠簾石脈Epidote vein鐵銹,腐銹斑aerugo斷層破碎帶Fault fractured zone斷層影響帶Fault influenced zone節(jié)理密集帶Joints dense zone層間擠壓面（帶）Crushed bedding plane (zone)斷層影響帶Fault nfluenced zone6.2褶皺 (fold)褶皺作用folding褶皺軸axis of the fold褶皺核foldkern 褶皺弧arc of folding褶皺帶belt of folded strata彎曲褶皺(地層) buckled folding扭曲褶皺 contorted fold拖曳褶皺 drag fold閉合褶皺 closed fold直立褶皺 erect fold斷層褶皺 fault fold向斜 syncline背斜 anticline復背斜 anticlinorium倒轉背斜 overturned anticline傾伏背斜 plunging anticline背斜斷層 anticlinal fault揉皺 crumple6.3節(jié)理及夾層(joint and interbed)節(jié)理joint羽狀節(jié)理feder joint(feather joint) 羽狀張節(jié)理pinnate tension joint羽狀剪節(jié)理pinnate shear joint柱狀節(jié)理columnar joint張性節(jié)理,受拉接縫tension joint張開節(jié)理open joint節(jié)理玫瑰圖joint rosette裂隙Fissure裂隙充填物fissurae filling裂隙間距spacing of fissure裂隙孔隙率fissuration porocity裂隙密度closeness of fissures裂隙頻數degree of fissure裂隙水,間隙水interstitial water微裂縫,微裂隙microfissure層面,順層面,巖層面,層理,層理面bedding plane斷層面fault plane 節(jié)理面joint plane 片理面schistosity plane 接合面combination plane 接觸面contact plane 錯動層面faulted bedding plane 不整合面plane of unconformity軟弱面plane of weakness 破裂面plane of fracture滑面gliding plane 滑移平面,滑動平面slip plane夾層 intercalation泥化夾層 argillized seam軟弱夾層 weak intercalated layers siltized 粘土夾層 clay course6.4結構面性狀平直Gentle波動起伏fluctuation,rolling,wave光滑Smooth粗糙Rough7.物理地質現象7.1風化、蝕變、卸荷風化weathering風化帶zone of weathering風化殼crust of weathering風化砂weathering sandstone風化程度weathering degree全風化completely weathered強風化highly weathered弱風化moderately weathered微風化slightly weathered新鮮fresh蝕變alteration物理蝕變 physical alteration化學蝕變 chemical alteration熱液蝕變 hydrothermal alteration蝕變礦物 altered mineral蝕變火山巖 altered volcanic rocks卸荷relaxation巖石松弛relaxation of rock 應力松弛relaxation of stress 卸載巖石,消除應力的巖石relaxed rock 7.2崩塌、滑坡崩塌collapse滑坡landslide7.3巖溶(karst)巖溶地形 karst topography巖溶侵蝕基準 karst base level巖溶景觀 karst landscape巖溶盆地 karst basin巖溶井 karst well巖溶水 karst water巖溶侵蝕 karst erosion8水文地質8.1地下水類型地下水,潛水 ground water地下水位,潛水位ground water level地下水排泄區(qū) discharge area of ground water地下水位坡降gradient of water table孔隙潛水pore groundwater裂隙潛水fissure groundwater裂隙承壓水fissure artesian groundwater82滲流狀態(tài)滲流,滲漏 seepage滲流控制 seepage control滲流區(qū) vadose region滲流速度 percolation velocity滲流壓力 percolation pressure滲透性 permeability滲透系數 coefficient of permeability滲透流量 seepage discharge9巖體力學指標91巖石力學參數強度 strength抗壓強度 compressive strength抗剪強度 shear strength抗拉強度 tensile strength抗彎強度,抗折強度 bending strength單軸抗壓強度 uniaxial compressive strength單軸抗拉強度uniaxial tensile strength無側限抗壓強度 unconfined compressive strength無排水抗剪強度 undrained shear strength殘余強度 residual strength長期強度 long term strength峰值(抗剪強度) peak value (of shearing strength)凝聚力,內聚力 cohesion圍壓強度 strength under peripheral pressure92土力學參數變形 deformation彈性變形 elastic deformation塑性變形 plastic deformation彈塑性變形 elastic-plastic deformation粘彈性變形 viscoelastic deformation粘滯塑性變形,粘塑性變性 visco-plastic deformation均勻變形homogeneous deformation不均勻變形nonaffine deformation不可恢復變形,永久變形 irreversible deformation屈服變形 yield deformation徐變變形,蠕變變形creep deformation滲透變形 seepage deformation9.3巖體力學參數彈性模量 elasticity modulus變形模量 deformation modulus剪切模量 shear modulus粘彈性模量 viscoelastic modulus壓縮模量 modulus of compression10.建筑材料(construction material)天然骨料 natural aggregate人工骨料 artificial aggregate粗骨料 coarse aggregate細骨料 fine aggregate堿活性骨料alkali-reactive aggregate混凝土骨料 concrete aggregate人工砂 artificial sand摻和料 admixture配料 batching石料 rock material土料 earth material開挖料 excavation material渣料 rock spoil天然砂礫料 natural sand and gravel粉煤灰 fly ash碎石土 debrisc soil礫質土 gravelly soil粘性土 cohesive soil; clayey soil分散性土 dispersive soil分散性 dispersivity崩解性 disintegration(slaking)活動性指數 activity index細度模數 fineness modulus(FM)骨料級配 gradation間斷級配 gap gradation連續(xù)級配 continuous gradation砂礫石 sand and gravel針狀顆粒 needle-shaped particle片狀顆粒 flake-shaped particle軟弱顆粒 soft particle平均粒徑 mean diameter比重 specific gravity天然密度 natural density干密度 dry density最大干密度 maximum drydensity最優(yōu)含水量 optjmum water content天然休止角 nature angle of repose堆積密度 piling density緊密密度 compation density石料場 rock quarrying土料場 soil borrow area存料場 stockpile棄渣場 spoil area有用層 effective layer無用層 unavailable layer剝離層overburden stripping formation剝采比 stripping ratio剝離量 overburden amount開采 quarry運輸 transportation質量 quality儲量 reserve運距 haul distance水泥 cenment11. 試驗(experiment)巖土現場測試 field investigation of soils and rocks土工原位測試 in-situ measurement of soils標準灌入試驗 standard penetration test動力觸探試驗dynamic cone penetration test 靜力觸探試驗 static cone penetration test 比灌入阻力 specific penetration resistanc旁壓試驗 pressuremeter test載荷試驗 plate bearing test十字板剪切試驗 vane shear test巖體原位測試 in-situ measurement of rocks三維應力測試 three-dimensional st