水利水電工程地質(zhì)英語常用詞匯.doc

水利水電工程地質(zhì)常用詞匯（漢英對(duì)照）1.地質(zhì)年代 geological period22.巖性rock character221 第四系沉積物quaternary deposit222 沉積巖 sedimentary rock22.3變質(zhì)巖 metamorphic rock32.4 火成巖 igneous rocks53.常見礦物 mineral64.顏色(Colour)75.巖石與巖體結(jié)構(gòu)(Rock and rockmass structure)85.1巖石結(jié)構(gòu) Rock structure85.2巖體結(jié)構(gòu) Rock mass structure86.地質(zhì)構(gòu)造Geological structure86.1斷層 (fault)96.2褶皺 (fold)96.3節(jié)理及夾層(joint and interbed)106.4結(jié)構(gòu)面性狀107.物理地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象107.1風(fēng)化、蝕變、卸荷107.2崩塌、滑坡117.3巖溶(karst)118水文地質(zhì)118.1地下水類型1182滲流狀態(tài)119巖體力學(xué)指標(biāo)1291巖石力學(xué)參數(shù)1292土力學(xué)參數(shù)129.3巖體力學(xué)參數(shù)1210.建筑材料(construction material)1211. 試驗(yàn)(experiment)1312.水工設(shè)計(jì)(hydraulic design)1512.1設(shè)計(jì)階段(design stage)1512.2水工建筑物(hydraulic structure)1513.地質(zhì)圖件和圖表1713.1地質(zhì)圖件1713.2地質(zhì)圖表2014.其它2614.1地形、地貌2614.2 地震2714.3 地應(yīng)力2714.4 邊坡2914.5 基礎(chǔ)2914.6 地下硐室3014.7 地質(zhì)勘探3214.8 測(cè)量3314.9 施工34391.地質(zhì)年代 geological period代（界） Era(erathem)新生代（界） cenozoic era (erathem)中生代（界） mesozoic era (erathem)古生代（界） palaeozoic era (erathem)元古代（界） proterozoic era (erathem)太古代（界）archaeozoic era (erathem)晚元古代（上元古亞紀(jì)） upper proterozoic subera (suberathem)中元古代（中元古亞紀(jì)） middle proterozoic subera (suberathem)早元古代（下元古亞紀(jì)） lower proterozoic subera (suberathem)紀(jì)（系） Period (system)第四紀(jì)（系） quaternary period (system)第三紀(jì)（系） tertiary period (system)晚第三紀(jì)（系） neogene period (system)早第三紀(jì)（系） neogene (paleogene) period (system)白堊紀(jì)（系）cretaceous period (system)朱羅紀(jì)（系） jurassic period (system)三疊紀(jì)（系） triassic period (system)二疊紀(jì)（系） permian period (system)石灰紀(jì)（系） carboniferous period (system)泥盆紀(jì)（系） devonian period (system)志留紀(jì)（系） silurian period (system)奧陶紀(jì)（系） ordovician period (system)寒武紀(jì)（系）combrain period (system)震旦紀(jì)（系） sinian period (system)世（統(tǒng)） epoch (series)全新世（統(tǒng)） holocene epoch (series)更新世（統(tǒng)）pleistocene epoch (series)上新世（統(tǒng)） pliocene epoch (series)中新世（統(tǒng)） miocene epoch (series)漸新世（統(tǒng)） oligocene epoch (series)始新世（統(tǒng)） eocene epoch (series)古新世（統(tǒng)） paleccene epoch (series)群Group階（組）Formation2.巖性rock character21 第四系沉積物quaternary deposit堆積物 accumulation 沖積物 alluvium洪積物 diluvium坡積物 slope wash滑坡堆積物 slide sediments22 沉積巖 sedimentary rock漂石 erratic boulder孤石 lonestone塊石 rock block卵石 pebble碎石 debris礫石 gravel砂 sand 粉土 silt砂壤土 sandy loam壤土 loam淤泥 mud粘土 clay填筑土 backfill礫巖 conglomerate礫砂巖 conglomeratic sandstone礫石層 gravel礫屑白云巖 dolorudite礫屑石灰?guī)r calcirudite礫屑巖 rudite(rudyte)礫質(zhì)灰?guī)r（粗粒狀灰?guī)r） rudstone礫質(zhì)泥 gravelly sand 礫質(zhì)片麻巖 psephite-gneiss礫質(zhì)砂 gravelly sand礫質(zhì)砂泥巖 yakatagite礫質(zhì)巖 psephite砂巖 sandstone砂質(zhì)角礫巖 sandy breccia砂質(zhì)角巖 arenaceous hornfels砂質(zhì)礫巖 sandy conglomerate砂質(zhì)泥 sandy mud砂質(zhì)泥灰?guī)r sandy marl 砂質(zhì)粘土 sandy clay 砂質(zhì)凝灰?guī)r psammite tuff砂質(zhì)燧石 sandy chert砂質(zhì)亞粘土 barra vermelho砂質(zhì)巖 psammite石英砂巖 quartzose sandstone長(zhǎng)石砂巖 feldspathic巖屑砂巖 lithite角礫巖 breccia粉砂巖 siltstone粘土巖 claystone（clay rock）粘土板巖 caly slate粘土化斑巖 claystone porphyry粘土泥灰?guī)r clay marl粘土頁巖 clay shale粘土質(zhì)粉砂 clayey silt粘土質(zhì)角礫巖 clayey breccia 粘土質(zhì)砂 clayey sand粘土質(zhì)砂巖 clayey sandstone頁巖 shale鈣質(zhì)頁巖 calcareous shale鐵質(zhì)頁巖 feruginous shale硅質(zhì)頁巖 silious shale炭質(zhì)頁巖 carbonaceous shale油頁巖 kerogen shale( oil shale)灰?guī)r、石灰?guī)r limestone鮞狀灰?guī)r oolitic limestone粒狀灰?guī)r granular limestone板狀灰?guī)r platy limestone泥質(zhì)灰?guī)r argillaceous limestone結(jié)晶灰?guī)r crystalline limestone致密灰?guī)r compact limestone生物碎屑灰?guī)r bioclastic limestone白云巖 dolomite白云質(zhì)灰?guī)r dolomitic limestone白云石質(zhì)大理巖 dolomitic marble 白云質(zhì)角巖 dolomitic hornfels白云質(zhì)泥灰?guī)r dolomitic-marl白云質(zhì)泥巖 dolomitic mudstone白云石粘土質(zhì)泥灰?guī)r dolomite-clay marl白云石片巖 dolomitic schist白云石砂巖 doloarenite 白云石碳酸巖 dolomite carbonatite白云石質(zhì)礫巖 dolomitic marble泥灰?guī)r marl泥灰質(zhì)粘土 marly clay泥灰質(zhì)壤土 marlaceous loam泥灰質(zhì)砂巖 marly sandstone2.3變質(zhì)巖 metamorphic rock破碎角礫巖 catalastic breccia碎裂巖 cataclasite糜棱巖 mylonite千枚糜棱巖 phyllonite板巖 slate角斑巖 keratophyre角斑玢巖 keratophyrite千枚巖 phyllite片巖 schist云母片巖 mica schist滑石片巖 talc schist角閃石片巖 amphibole schist藍(lán)閃石片巖 glaucophane schist綠巖（綠閃石片巖） noricite片麻巖 gneiss流紋片麻巖 rhyolite-gneiss大理巖 marble鈣質(zhì)白云石大理巖 calc-dolomite marble石英巖 quartzite變質(zhì)砂巖 metasandstone變質(zhì)長(zhǎng)石砂巖 meta-arkose變質(zhì)大理巖 metamarble變質(zhì)輝長(zhǎng)巖 metagabbro變質(zhì)基性巖 metabasite變質(zhì)角閃巖 metaamphibolite變質(zhì)結(jié)晶巖 metaceystalline變質(zhì)礫巖 metaconglomerate變質(zhì)泥巖 metapelite變質(zhì)片巖 metamorphic schist變質(zhì)閃長(zhǎng)巖 metadiorite變質(zhì)石英巖 metaquartzite變質(zhì)碎屑巖 metasedimentary變質(zhì)碳酸鹽巖metamorphic carbonate變質(zhì)碳酸巖 metacarbonatite變質(zhì)偉晶巖 metapegmatite變質(zhì)細(xì)碧巖 metaspilite變質(zhì)玄武巖 metabasalt變質(zhì)英安巖 eodacite變質(zhì)正長(zhǎng)巖 metamorphic syenite變質(zhì)粉砂巖 metamorphic siltstone角閃巖(斜長(zhǎng)角閃巖) amphibolite角閃片巖 amphibolite-schist角閃安山巖 hungarite角閃玢巖 orbite角閃二輝麻粒巖 pyribolites角閃沸煌巖 giumarrite角閃鈣長(zhǎng)巖 matraite角閃橄欖巖 cortlandtite角閃硅酸巖 muglalite角閃花崗巖 pladorite角閃輝長(zhǎng)巖 bojite角閃輝綠玢巖 proterobase porphyrite角閃輝綠巖 proterobase角閃輝霞巖 mestigmerite榴輝巖 eclogite榴輝橄欖巖 gordunite榴輝角閃巖 eclogite榴輝藍(lán)晶巖 grospydite榴輝鐵橄巖 eulysite輝石巖 pyroxenite(pyroxenolite)輝石安山巖 pyroxene andesite輝石粗面巖 pyroxene trachyte輝石二長(zhǎng)巖 pyroxene monzonite輝石橄欖巖 pyroxene peridotite輝石黑云母花崗巖 pyroxene-biotite granite輝石黑云母閃長(zhǎng)巖 pyroxene-biotite diorite輝石花崗巖 pyroxene granite輝石輝長(zhǎng)巖 pyroxene gabbro輝石輝綠巖 pyroxene diabase輝石堿性正長(zhǎng)巖 pyroxene alkali輝石角閃巖 pyroxene hornblendite輝石麻粒巖 pyroxene granulite輝石片麻巖 pyroxene gneiss輝石閃長(zhǎng)巖 pypyroxene diorite輝石石英巖 pyroxene quartzite輝石偉晶巖 pyroxenite-pegmatite輝石細(xì)晶巖 pyroxene aplite輝石巖質(zhì)蛇紋巖 pyroxeneite serpentine輝石英安巖 pyroxene dacite輝石正長(zhǎng)巖 pyroxene syenite2.4 火成巖 igneous rocks橄欖巖 peridotite二輝橄欖巖 lherzolite輝石橄欖巖 pyroxene peridotite角閃橄欖巖 hudsonite橄欖輝長(zhǎng)巖 olivine-gabbro石英輝長(zhǎng)巖 quartz-gabbro正長(zhǎng)輝長(zhǎng)巖 orthoclase-gabbro , syenite gabbro, syenogabbro橄欖蘇長(zhǎng)巖 hyperite輝綠巖 diabase橄欖輝綠巖 olivine-diabase石英輝綠巖 quartz-diabase拉斑輝綠巖 devonite輝長(zhǎng)玢巖 garrbo-porphyrite玄武巖 basalt拉斑玄武巖 tholeiite安山玄武巖 andesite basalt苦橄玄武巖 hillhouse basalt正長(zhǎng)玄武巖 basalatite藍(lán)方玄武巖 hauynite(hauyne-basalt)粗粒玄武巖 dolerite隱晶玄武巖 aphanitic basalt閃長(zhǎng)巖 diorite石英閃長(zhǎng)巖 quartz-diorite角閃閃長(zhǎng)巖 hornblende diorite輝石閃長(zhǎng)巖 augite-diorite, pyroxenediorite安山巖 andesite安山玄武巖 andesite basalt安山拉長(zhǎng)巖 andesilabradorite安山斑巖 andesite-porphyry安山凝灰?guī)r andesite-tuff花崗巖 granite花崗閃長(zhǎng)巖 granodiorite花崗閃長(zhǎng)玢巖 coroovadite花崗閃長(zhǎng)斑巖 granodiorite-porphyry花崗閃長(zhǎng)細(xì)晶巖 granodiorite-aplite花崗閃長(zhǎng)花斑巖 granodiorite-granophyre花崗片麻巖 granitic gneiss花崗斑巖 granite-porphyry流紋巖 rhyolite, liparite流紋安山巖 rhyoandesite流紋斑巖 liparophyre流紋玄武巖 rhyobasalt流紋英安巖 rhyodacite, dellenite,liparite-dacite英安巖 dacite, quartz andesite英安安山巖 dacite-andesite英安斑巖 dacite-porphyrite英安流紋巖 dacite-liparite正長(zhǎng)巖 syenite, sinaite正長(zhǎng)斑巖 syenite-porphyry, orthophyre, orthofelsite正長(zhǎng)花崗巖 syengranite正長(zhǎng)煌斑巖 syenite lamprophyre正長(zhǎng)白云巖 krivoserite正長(zhǎng)輝長(zhǎng)巖 syenogabbro正長(zhǎng)輝綠巖 orthobase正長(zhǎng)流紋巖 kanzibite正長(zhǎng)片麻巖 syenite gneiss正長(zhǎng)片巖 syenite-schist正長(zhǎng)閃長(zhǎng)巖 syenodiorite, syenite diorite霞石正長(zhǎng)巖 nepheline syenite霞石正長(zhǎng)細(xì)晶巖 nepheline syenite-aplite霞石正長(zhǎng)偉晶巖 nepheline syenite-pegmatite霞石安山巖 nepheline andesite霞石斑巖 nepheline-porphyry霞石粗安巖 tautirite霞石粗面巖 nepheline trachyte霞石二長(zhǎng)巖 nepheline monzonite霞石輝長(zhǎng)巖 nepheline gabbro霞石輝石巖nepheline-pyroxene rocks霞石閃長(zhǎng)巖 nepheline diorite霞響巖 nephelinitoid phonolite霞石玄武巖 nepheline tachylite霞石巖 nephelinoith響巖 phonolite 響巖質(zhì)粗面巖 phonolitic trachyte向霞巖 grazinite響質(zhì)巖 phonolitoid響巖質(zhì)粗面巖 phonolitic trachyte煌斑巖 lamprophyre煌斑花崗巖 lamprophyre-granite煌斑片巖 lamproschist煌斑正長(zhǎng)巖 lamprosyenite云母煌斑巖 mica-lapmrophyre云煌巖 minette閃輝煌斑巖 garganite閃輝正煌巖 vogesite閃斜煌斑巖 spessartite細(xì)晶巖 aplite輝長(zhǎng)細(xì)晶巖 beerbachite,gabbro-aplite閃長(zhǎng)細(xì)晶巖 diorite-aplite斜長(zhǎng)細(xì)晶巖 plagiaplite花崗細(xì)晶巖 granite-aplite輝長(zhǎng)偉晶巖 gabbro-pegmatite花崗偉晶巖 granite- pegmatite正長(zhǎng)偉晶巖 syenite-pegmatite火山角礫巖 volcanic breccia火山碎屑巖 pyroclastic rock凝灰?guī)r tuff 3.常見礦物 mineral 滑石 talc葉臘石 pyrophyllite蒙脫石 montmorillonite蛭石 vermiculite高嶺石 kaolinitic 水云母 hydromica石墨 graphite硫 sulfur褐鐵礦 limonite石膏 gypsum綠泥石 chlorite巖鹽 halite海綠石 glauconite黑云母 biotite白云母 muscovite軟錳礦 manganese dioxide鋁土礦 bauxite蛇紋石 serpentine自然金 natural gold方解石 calcite硬石膏 anhydrite重晶石 barytes白云石 dolomite黃銅礦 chalcopyrite閃鋅礦 blende文石 aragonite孔雀石 malachite菱鎂礦 magnesite菱鐵礦 siderite螢石 fluorite硅灰石 wollastonite磷灰石 apatite蘭晶石 disthene普通角閃石 hornblende普通輝石 augite斜方輝石 orthopyroxene透輝石 diopside榍石 titanite蛋白石 opal鈦鐵礦 ilmenite霞石 nepheline透閃石 tremolite陽起石 actinolite白榴石 leucite磁鐵礦 magnetite赤鐵礦 hematite透長(zhǎng)石 sinidine正長(zhǎng)石 orthoclase斜長(zhǎng)石 plagioclase黃鐵礦 pyrite綠簾石 epidote綠泥石 chlorite符山石 egeran橄欖石 olivine石英 quartz鋯石 zircon電氣石 tourmaline紅柱石 andalusite綠柱石 beryl堇青石 cordierite十字石 staurolite黃玉 topaz剛玉 corundum金剛石 diamond伊利石 illite glimmerton 4.顏色(Colour)粉紅色pink橙紅色salmon pink淺粉紅色baby pink鮮粉紅色shocking pink褐色, 茶色brown灰褐色beige紅褐色, 赭石色chocolate 淺褐色sandy beige 駝色camel 琥珀色amber 卡其色khaki 褐紅色maroon 綠色green 苔綠色moss green 鮮綠色emerald green 橄欖綠olive green 藍(lán)色blue 土耳其玉色turquoise blue 鈷藍(lán)色, 艷藍(lán)色cobalt blue 藏青色, 深藍(lán)色, 天藍(lán)色navy blue 藍(lán)綠色aquamarine blue 紅色red 緋紅, 猩紅scarlet 紫紅mauve 葡萄酒紅wine red 紫色purple, violet 淡紫色lavender 淺紫色lilac 古紫色antique violet 紫羅蘭色pansy 白色white 灰白色off-white 象牙色ivory 雪白色snowy white 乳白色oyster white 灰色gray 炭灰色charcoal gray 煙灰色smoky gray 霧灰色misty gray 5.巖石與巖體結(jié)構(gòu)(Rock and rockmass structure)5.1巖石結(jié)構(gòu) Rock structure斑狀結(jié)構(gòu) porphyritic texture變余結(jié)構(gòu) palimpsest structure等粒結(jié)構(gòu) granulitic texture非均勻結(jié)構(gòu) heterogeneous texture輝綠結(jié)構(gòu) ophitic texture角礫結(jié)構(gòu) brecciated texture礦脈結(jié)構(gòu) vein texture粒狀結(jié)構(gòu) granular texture流狀結(jié)構(gòu) fluidal texture糜棱結(jié)構(gòu) mylonitic texture砂質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu) arenaceous texture粘土質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu) argillaceous texture微晶結(jié)構(gòu) microlitic texture顯晶結(jié)構(gòu) phanerocrystalline texture5.2巖體結(jié)構(gòu) Rock mass structure散體結(jié)構(gòu)Loose structure碎塊狀結(jié)構(gòu)Fragmental block structure碎屑狀結(jié)構(gòu)Clastic structure碎裂結(jié)構(gòu)Cataclastic structure鑲嵌結(jié)構(gòu)Interlocked structure片碎結(jié)構(gòu)Sheet- Cataclastic structure塊狀結(jié)構(gòu)massive structure次塊狀結(jié)構(gòu)Submassive structure整體結(jié)構(gòu)integral structure6.地質(zhì)構(gòu)造Geological structure板狀構(gòu)造 platy structure變形構(gòu)造 deformation structure帶狀構(gòu)造 banded structure單斜構(gòu)造 uniclinal structure迭瓦構(gòu)造 decken structure多孔構(gòu)造 hiatal texture構(gòu)造裂隙,壓力裂縫,節(jié)理diaclase環(huán)帶構(gòu)造,帶狀構(gòu)造zonal structure集合體構(gòu)造aggregate structure結(jié)核狀構(gòu)造concretionary structure球狀構(gòu)造globular structure蠕狀構(gòu)造myrmekitic structure網(wǎng)狀構(gòu)造mesh structure杏仁狀構(gòu)造amygdaloidal structure眼狀構(gòu)造augen structure雁行構(gòu)造,梯隊(duì)構(gòu)造echelon structure葉理構(gòu)造foliation structure柱狀構(gòu)造columnar struture6.1斷層 (fault)正斷層,下落斷層downthrown fault逆斷層,上沖斷層upthrown fault平移斷層displacement fault,strike-slip fault背斜斷層 anticlinal fault 擠壓斷層 compression fault 剪切斷層 shear fault 共軛斷層 conjugated faults 雁列斷層 en echelon faults 地壘斷層 horst fault 迭瓦斷層 mbricate fault 逆掩斷層,上沖斷層overthrust fault張性斷層 tension fault 深斷層 abyssal fault 活斷層 active fault可能活斷層 capable fault斷層擦痕fault striation斷層破碎帶Fractured zone角礫巖Breccia碎裂巖Cataclasite糜棱巖Mylonite斷層泥Fault clay擠壓片狀巖Sliced rock透鏡體Lens石英脈Quartz vein綠簾石脈Epidote vein鐵銹,腐銹斑aerugo斷層破碎帶Fault fractured zone斷層影響帶Fault influenced zone節(jié)理密集帶Joints dense zone層間擠壓面（帶）Crushed bedding plane (zone)斷層影響帶Fault nfluenced zone6.2褶皺 (fold)褶皺作用folding褶皺軸axis of the fold褶皺核foldkern 褶皺弧arc of folding褶皺帶belt of folded strata彎曲褶皺(地層) buckled folding扭曲褶皺 contorted fold拖曳褶皺 drag fold閉合褶皺 closed fold直立褶皺 erect fold斷層褶皺 fault fold向斜 syncline背斜 anticline復(fù)背斜 anticlinorium倒轉(zhuǎn)背斜 overturned anticline傾伏背斜 plunging anticline背斜斷層 anticlinal fault揉皺 crumple6.3節(jié)理及夾層(joint and interbed)節(jié)理joint羽狀節(jié)理feder joint(feather joint) 羽狀張節(jié)理pinnate tension joint羽狀剪節(jié)理pinnate shear joint柱狀節(jié)理columnar joint張性節(jié)理,受拉接縫tension joint張開節(jié)理open joint節(jié)理玫瑰圖joint rosette裂隙Fissure裂隙充填物fissurae filling裂隙間距spacing of fissure裂隙孔隙率fissuration porocity裂隙密度closeness of fissures裂隙頻數(shù)degree of fissure裂隙水,間隙水interstitial water微裂縫,微裂隙microfissure層面,順層面,巖層面,層理,層理面bedding plane斷層面fault plane 節(jié)理面joint plane 片理面schistosity plane 接合面combination plane 接觸面contact plane 錯(cuò)動(dòng)層面faulted bedding plane 不整合面plane of unconformity軟弱面plane of weakness 破裂面plane of fracture滑面gliding plane 滑移平面,滑動(dòng)平面slip plane夾層 intercalation泥化夾層 argillized seam軟弱夾層 weak intercalated layers siltized 粘土夾層 clay course6.4結(jié)構(gòu)面性狀平直Gentle波動(dòng)起伏fluctuation,rolling,wave光滑Smooth粗糙Rough7.物理地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象7.1風(fēng)化、蝕變、卸荷風(fēng)化weathering風(fēng)化帶zone of weathering風(fēng)化殼crust of weathering風(fēng)化砂weathering sandstone風(fēng)化程度weathering degree全風(fēng)化completely weathered強(qiáng)風(fēng)化highly weathered弱風(fēng)化moderately weathered微風(fēng)化slightly weathered新鮮fresh蝕變alteration物理蝕變 physical alteration化學(xué)蝕變 chemical alteration熱液蝕變 hydrothermal alteration蝕變礦物 altered mineral蝕變火山巖 altered volcanic rocks卸荷relaxation巖石松弛relaxation of rock 應(yīng)力松弛relaxation of stress 卸載巖石,消除應(yīng)力的巖石relaxed rock 7.2崩塌、滑坡崩塌collapse滑坡landslide7.3巖溶(karst)巖溶地形 karst topography巖溶侵蝕基準(zhǔn) karst base level巖溶景觀 karst landscape巖溶盆地 karst basin巖溶井 karst well巖溶水 karst water巖溶侵蝕 karst erosion8水文地質(zhì)8.1地下水類型地下水,潛水 ground water地下水位,潛水位ground water level地下水排泄區(qū) discharge area of ground water地下水位坡降gradient of water table孔隙潛水pore groundwater裂隙潛水fissure groundwater裂隙承壓水fissure artesian groundwater82滲流狀態(tài)滲流,滲漏 seepage滲流控制 seepage control滲流區(qū) vadose region滲流速度 percolation velocity滲流壓力 percolation pressure滲透性 permeability滲透系數(shù) coefficient of permeability滲透流量 seepage discharge9巖體力學(xué)指標(biāo)91巖石力學(xué)參數(shù)強(qiáng)度 strength抗壓強(qiáng)度 compressive strength抗剪強(qiáng)度 shear strength抗拉強(qiáng)度 tensile strength抗彎強(qiáng)度,抗折強(qiáng)度 bending strength單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度 uniaxial compressive strength單軸抗拉強(qiáng)度uniaxial tensile strength無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度 unconfined compressive strength無排水抗剪強(qiáng)度 undrained shear strength殘余強(qiáng)度 residual strength長(zhǎng)期強(qiáng)度 long term strength峰值(抗剪強(qiáng)度) peak value (of shearing strength)凝聚力,內(nèi)聚力 cohesion圍壓強(qiáng)度 strength under peripheral pressure92土力學(xué)參數(shù)變形 deformation彈性變形 elastic deformation塑性變形 plastic deformation彈塑性變形 elastic-plastic deformation粘彈性變形 viscoelastic deformation粘滯塑性變形,粘塑性變性 visco-plastic deformation均勻變形homogeneous deformation不均勻變形nonaffine deformation不可恢復(fù)變形,永久變形 irreversible deformation屈服變形 yield deformation徐變變形,蠕變變形creep deformation滲透變形 seepage deformation9.3巖體力學(xué)參數(shù)彈性模量 elasticity modulus變形模量 deformation modulus剪切模量 shear modulus粘彈性模量 viscoelastic modulus壓縮模量 modulus of compression10.建筑材料(construction material)天然骨料 natural aggregate人工骨料 artificial aggregate粗骨料 coarse aggregate細(xì)骨料 fine aggregate堿活性骨料alkali-reactive aggregate混凝土骨料 concrete aggregate人工砂 artificial sand摻和料 admixture配料 batching石料 rock material土料 earth material開挖料 excavation material渣料 rock spoil天然砂礫料 natural sand and gravel粉煤灰 fly ash碎石土 debrisc soil礫質(zhì)土 gravelly soil粘性土 cohesive soil; clayey soil分散性土 dispersive soil分散性 dispersivity崩解性 disintegration(slaking)活動(dòng)性指數(shù) activity index細(xì)度模數(shù) fineness modulus(FM)骨料級(jí)配 gradation間斷級(jí)配 gap gradation連續(xù)級(jí)配 continuous gradation砂礫石 sand and gravel針狀顆粒 needle-shaped particle片狀顆粒 flake-shaped particle軟弱顆粒 soft particle平均粒徑 mean diameter比重 specific gravity天然密度 natural density干密度 dry density最大干密度 maximum drydensity最優(yōu)含水量 optjmum water content天然休止角 nature angle of repose堆積密度 piling density緊密密度 compation density石料場(chǎng) rock quarrying土料場(chǎng) soil borrow area存料場(chǎng) stockpile棄渣場(chǎng) spoil area有用層 effective layer無用層 unavailable layer剝離層overburden stripping formation剝采比 stripping ratio剝離量 overburden amount開采 quarry運(yùn)輸 transportation質(zhì)量 quality儲(chǔ)量 reserve運(yùn)距 haul distance水泥 cenment11. 試驗(yàn)(experiment)巖土現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試 field investigation of soils and rocks土工原位測(cè)試 in-situ measurement of soils標(biāo)準(zhǔn)灌入試驗(yàn) standard penetration test動(dòng)力觸探試驗(yàn)dynamic cone penetration test 靜力觸探試驗(yàn) static cone penetration test 比灌入阻力 specific penetration resistanc旁壓試驗(yàn) pressuremeter test載荷試驗(yàn) plate bearing test十字板剪切試驗(yàn) vane shear test巖體原位測(cè)試 in-situ measurement of rocks三維應(yīng)力測(cè)試 three-dimensional st