說現(xiàn)在job.doc

AA01 .(3次)說現(xiàn)在job market for teaching positions 經(jīng)歷一個(gè)hardtime 理由是一個(gè)大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生很難找到教書的工作，然后又說最近好了，這個(gè)大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生也比較容易找到這方面的工作了，同時(shí)到達(dá)大學(xué)年齡的人也多了，這個(gè)trend更顯然了。The following appeared as part of an article in the education section of a Waymarsh City newspaper. “Throughout the last two decades, those who earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level. Those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh University had an especially hard time finding such jobs. But better times are coming in the next decade for all academic job seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten years; consequently, we can expect that the job market will improve dramatically for people seeking college-level teaching positions in their fields.” Waymarsh城日報(bào)教育版的一篇文章： 過去的20年內(nèi)，研究生畢業(yè)生發(fā)現(xiàn)找到在大學(xué)教授他們的學(xué)術(shù)專長的工作是很困難的。那些從Waymarsh獲得研究生學(xué)位的要找到這類工作尤其困難。但在下個(gè)10年，尋找學(xué)術(shù)工作的人（包括那些Waymarsh大學(xué)的）的好日子要來了。人口統(tǒng)計(jì)趨勢顯示達(dá)到上大學(xué)年齡的人將在未來10年增加。我們可預(yù)期對(duì)那些在他們的領(lǐng)域?qū)ふ掖髮W(xué)教學(xué)工作的人來說，工作市場將顯著增大。1.1適齡人口增加不一定上大學(xué)人數(shù)就一定增加1.2就算上大學(xué)人數(shù)增加需要的大學(xué)老師也不一定增加1.3就算需要的老師增加,waymarsh的就業(yè)也不見得會(huì)水漲船高.2.1人口增加也不一定都上大學(xué)。很可能都選擇了就業(yè)。2.2even if we grant the preceding assumption上大學(xué)的人多了不一定需要更多老師，很可能大學(xué)通過增大一個(gè)班人數(shù)的方式，保持原有老師數(shù)；2.3就算需要GRADUATED DEGREE的人，也不代表W也會(huì)benefit from this trend，缺少信息，它可能是一個(gè)質(zhì)量不好的大學(xué)，學(xué)校不會(huì)從這里的人中挑選。foretold regarding the employability02.(32)The following appeared in the editorial section of a West Cambria newspaper.“A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service.” 一份西Cambria報(bào)紙的社論片斷： 最近的對(duì)西Cambria的志愿救護(hù)服務(wù)的回顧顯示出其對(duì)事故的平均應(yīng)對(duì)時(shí)間比設(shè)在東Cambria的一個(gè)商業(yè)救護(hù)班要長。為了給事故受害者提供更好的醫(yī)護(hù)服務(wù)并通過收取急救服務(wù)費(fèi)來提高我們鎮(zhèn)的稅收，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)解散志愿救護(hù)并雇傭商業(yè)救護(hù)服務(wù)。03 SmartPro Software, Inc.: “Currently, more professional accountants use SmartPro accounting software than any other brand. However, in the market for personal accounting software for nonprofessionals to use in preparing their income tax returns, many of our competitors are outselling us. In surveys, our professional customers repeatedly say that they have chosen SmartPro Software because our most sophisticated software products include more advanced special features than competing brands. Therefore, the most effective way for us to increase sales of our personal accounting software for home users would clearly be to add the advanced special features that our professional software products currently offer.”Discuss how well reasoned . . .etc. SmartProt公司在professional accounting software占有有利地位。但是在non-professional accounting software for home users上遜色于其競爭對(duì)手。home users用software prepare income tax refund。根據(jù)對(duì)professional users的調(diào)查，大部分人愿意選擇SmarProt的software是因?yàn)槠渲杏衋dvanced special features，所以SmartProt公司決定要在none-professional accounting software上增加advanced special feartures，用以促進(jìn)銷售增長。04(52)(3次)The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.” Elm城的報(bào)紙上的社論： 去年在橡樹城市中心修建購物中心是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。由于中心開業(yè)，大量的本地企業(yè)倒閉了。而且市中心受到嚴(yán)重缺乏停車位的困擾。在附近的橡樹城公園拘捕的罪犯和流浪漢也增加了。榆樹城應(yīng)該注意橡樹城購物中心的例子并防止在榆樹城建立購物中心。 05The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a local newspaper.“Hippocrene Plumbing Supply recently opened a wholesale outlet in the location once occupied by the Cumquat Cafe. Hippocrene has apparently been quite successful there because it is planning to open a large outlet in a nearby city. But the Cumquat Cafe, one year after moving to its new location, has seen its volume of business drop somewhat from the previous years. Clearly, the former site is a better business location, and the Cumquat Cafe has made a mistake in moving to its new address.” Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.Hippocrene鉛管供應(yīng)商在一度為Cumquat咖啡店的地方開了一家直銷店。Hippocrene現(xiàn)在相當(dāng)?shù)某晒Γ驗(yàn)樗麄冋?jì)劃在臨近城市開一家大的直銷店。但是Cumquat咖啡店在搬到新地址一年后發(fā)現(xiàn)它的業(yè)務(wù)量比前一年有所下降。很明顯，它的前一個(gè)地址是一個(gè)更好的商務(wù)地址，Cumquat咖啡店作出搬遷決定是錯(cuò)誤的。06 (1) （3次）The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”下面摘自一家冷凍食品處理商（processor）奧林匹克食品提交給股東的年報(bào)：隨著時(shí)間流逝，由于機(jī)構(gòu)了解了做好事情的方法進(jìn)而提高了效率，處理的成本會(huì)降低。比如在彩色膠卷處理方面，3/5英寸照片的成本從1970年的5天50cent降至1984年的1天20cent。同樣的規(guī)律適用于食品處理方面。由于奧林匹克食品即將慶祝它的25歲生日，我們可以指望我們長期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)使我們達(dá)到最小的成本和最大的利潤。1 false analogy: The food industry is not analogous to the color film industry. 2 causal oversimplification: Other factors that may contribute t to the cost decline of the printing cost should be considered and ruled out. 3 gratuitous assumption: The conclusion of the argument is based on a gratuitous assumption that the company can minimize cost and maximize profit because the company has been conducted for 25 years.1 錯(cuò)誤類比：color film processing和processing of food不相同。problems of spoilage, contamination, and timely transportation都只影響food 不影響film. 2 同時(shí)，忽略他因。是否是因?yàn)榻M織更有效率才使COST下降的？很可能是material necessary for the process下降了價(jià)錢。所以，兩者更不同。gratuitous assumption：二十五年不代表學(xué)到了很多。很可能什么都沒學(xué)到，或者技術(shù)已經(jīng)out of date.07(100& 黃金106)The following appeared as part of a business plan by the Capital Idea Investment firm.“Currently more and more books are becoming available in electronic form either free of charge on the Internet or for a very low price per book on CD-ROM.* People who would not pay bookstore prices will now have access to whatever book they want from their home or work computers. Consequently, literary classics are likely to be read more widely than ever before: 72 percent of those responding to a recent online survey said they would read books in electronic form, and 81 percent said they believed that reading classic works was important. Given this newly developing market, we should invest in E-Classics, a new company that sells electronic versions of literary classics.”*A CD-ROM is a small portable disc capable of storing relatively large amounts of data that can be read by a computer.報(bào)紙的圖書版的文章： 現(xiàn)在越來越多的書有了電子版，或者放在網(wǎng)上免費(fèi)獲得，或者在光盤上以很低的價(jià)格出售。因此文學(xué)經(jīng)典可以得到比以前更廣泛的閱讀。不能以書店價(jià)格購買這些書的人現(xiàn)在可以用很少的錢或者不花錢來閱讀他們。類似的，覺得去圖書館或者等待其他人還書不方便的人現(xiàn)在可以通過家里或者工作用的電腦得到他想要的任何名著。這和文學(xué)名著接觸的增長將從根本上影響公眾的閱讀品味，塑造比以前更成熟更博學(xué)的讀者。1.More accesses to cheaper books do not necessarily guarantee the desire to read classics.2.the survey is doubtful3.It is hard to make profit when there are so many E-books available on the net08 The following appeared in a memorandum from the owner of Carlos Clothing to the staff.“Since Disc Depot， the music store on the next block， began a new radio advertising campaign last year， its business has grown dramatically， as evidenced by the large increase in foot trafficsintosthe store. While the Disc Depots owners have apparently become wealthy enough to retire， profits at Carlos Clothing have remained stagnant for the past three years. Insgroupsto boost our sales and profits， we should therefore switch from newspaper advertising to frequent radio advertisements like those for Disc Depot.”Discuss how well reasonedetc. 09“On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avias passengers.”Avia航空的部門備忘錄： 平均地，去年乘坐Avia的1000個(gè)乘客中有9個(gè)針對(duì)我們的行李處理流程寫了投訴信。這說明雖然有大約1%的乘客對(duì)這一流程表示不滿，乘客的主體對(duì)它還是滿意的。所以對(duì)流程的重新審查對(duì)我們要保持和提高Avia的乘客數(shù)這一目標(biāo)不是很重要的。10(108)The following appeared as part of a business plan created by the management of the Take Heart Fitness Center.“After opening the new swimming pool early last summer, Take Heart saw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by members. Therefore, in order to increase the number of our members and thus our revenues, which depend on membership fees, we should continue to add new recreational facilities in subsequent years: for example, a multipurpose game room, a tennis court, and a miniature golf course. Being the only center in the area offering this range of activities would give us a competitive advantage in the health and recreation market.”Take Heart健身中心的管理者起草的商業(yè)計(jì)劃： 去年夏天開了新的游泳池以后，TH發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)員對(duì)中心的使用率增加了12。因此，為了增加我們的會(huì)員數(shù)量和決定于會(huì)員費(fèi)的收入，我們應(yīng)該在以后幾年中繼續(xù)增加新的娛樂設(shè)施：比如，一個(gè)多功能游戲室，一個(gè)網(wǎng)球場，一個(gè)迷你高爾夫球場。作為本地唯一一家提供各種活動(dòng)的健身中心，我們將在健身和娛樂市場建立競爭優(yōu)勢。1.忽略他因。2.錯(cuò)誤類比。3.收入和支出1.causal oversimplification2.a benefit-cost analysis should be given3.Whether the proposed recreational facilities are popular among the people of this area is unknown.11 analyst給一家航空公司CEO的關(guān)于今年profit的report 大意是：fact1:profits今年比去年大幅下降 fact2: 由于燃油漲價(jià)導(dǎo)致fuel expenditure大幅上升 fact3:new flights this year 簡單來說就是油價(jià)上漲,只有我們加航線了,其他公司利潤上升,我們的降了,所以應(yīng)該取消航線一個(gè)航空公司利潤下降，油價(jià)上升，添加新飛機(jī)，至少有一個(gè)原因。因?yàn)槠渌腶irlines同樣面對(duì)油價(jià)下降，但利潤沒有下降，所以為了提高利潤應(yīng)該取消添加的飛機(jī)由于一些其他航空公司同樣面對(duì)fuel expenditure上漲 但profits比上年有所提升 所以燃油費(fèi)用上漲不能單獨(dú)作為profits下降的原因 所以new flights must be reponsible12（136）The following appeared in a memorandum from the information technology department of a major advertising firm:“The more efficient a firms employees are, the more profitable that firm will be. Improvements in a firms information technology hardware and software are a proven way to increase the efficiency of employees who do the majority of their work on computers. Therefore, if our firm invests in the most powerful and advanced information technology available, employee productivity will be maximized. This strategy ensures that every dollar spent on enhanced information technology will help to increase our firms profit margins.” Discuss how well reasoned . . .etc.員工工作效率的提高可以給企業(yè)帶來利益。通過提高INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY的軟硬件可以提高那些主要依賴于電腦的員工的工作效率。所以某公司決定在軟硬件方面多投資，這樣的話提高了員工的產(chǎn)能，也能為企業(yè)帶來收益。13說某W地方國家公園近年來由于污染，影響了游客的數(shù)量，導(dǎo)致W地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑。同時(shí)，近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多礦產(chǎn)，建議當(dāng)?shù)卣试S開發(fā)礦產(chǎn)，可以改善經(jīng)濟(jì)，增加就業(yè)。因此作者得出結(jié)論，開發(fā)W地區(qū)國家公園里的礦產(chǎn)是保證W地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)興的最好辦法。（wingbell ： 我找的錯(cuò)誤：all the things are equal，不一定旅游業(yè)持續(xù)走低，可能國家正在才去措施治理污染，振興旅游業(yè)。one-sideness.一方面N是旅游國家，半路出家做工業(yè)肯定比不過工業(yè)國家沒有競爭力，而且開礦肯定會(huì)使旅游業(yè)進(jìn)一步惡化。information too vague:不一定是最好的方法，對(duì)不同的national park分別對(duì)待肯定更好。）14(62)The following appeared in the letters-to-the-editor section of a local newspaper.“Muscle Monthly, a fitness magazine that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines, frequently sells out, according to the owner of Skyview Newsstand. To help maximize fitness levels in our towns residents, we should, therefore, equip our new community fitness center with such machines.”本地報(bào)紙上給編者的信板塊： 一份叫Muscle Monthly的健康雜志規(guī)律性地刊登使用最好的訓(xùn)練器械的健美運(yùn)動(dòng)員的照片。據(jù)skyview報(bào)攤的攤主說它經(jīng)常賣完。為了提高我鎮(zhèn)居民的健康水平，我們應(yīng)該給我們的新健身中心裝備這樣的器械。1 The bodybuilders may just pretend to be using the state-of-the-art exercise machines while, in fact, their excellent body conditions are due to the use of other types of equipment. And, they just do so for the advertisement purpose.2 The circulation is just one of the indicators of the popularity of the magazine. What is more, I can find no direct relationship between the popularity of the magazine and the authors suggestion that we should equip the community with the state-of-the-art excercise machine.T3 he machines for body building will not necessarily have the same effect on fitness.1 如果雜志賣光得快不一定是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)器材好，很可能是價(jià)錢便宜，和其他的內(nèi)容。2 那些人很可能并不真正用這些機(jī)器，而只是擺出造型。3 如果是為了body-building的機(jī)器很可能不能fitness。比如，cardiovascular fitness。15Apen公司給經(jīng)理配備電腦并能連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)，使productivity增長了15%，其他公司也采取了這個(gè)策略，認(rèn)為額外的工作時(shí)間能夠獲得額外的profit AI01 （2次） People have the duty to disobey the rules when they consider unjust.02Providing health care should be the fundamental responsibility to the government.03（2）2. Although most people wish to live long lives, attempting to significantly extend the average human life span would be a mistake. If achieved, this would place an enormous burden on resources, lowering the quality of life for everyone. 04(37)(2次) “Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.”“由于對(duì)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)來說，科學(xué)和技術(shù)正在變得越來越基本，學(xué)校應(yīng)該投入更多的時(shí)間教授科學(xué)技術(shù)而減少藝術(shù)和人文的教育。”05(40)“With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and international cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the world is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country.”“隨著對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)和跨國公司的關(guān)注增加，人們需要理解他們作為世界公民的角色比作為一個(gè)特定國家的公民的角色更重要?！?1 兩者并不是完全對(duì)立的環(huán)保2 事實(shí)上兩者可以相互促進(jìn)一個(gè)人在一個(gè)國家做慈善工作很可能也會(huì)有一天為別的國家的人服務(wù)3 當(dāng)兩者沖突的時(shí)候哪個(gè)更重要取決與不同的情況。代替取代supersede compatible be compatible with. citizenship domain This one person would be acting consistently as a citizen of community, state, nation and world.admittedly conflicting obligation arise dual Admittedly, conflicting/clashing/discordant obligations sometimes arise as a result of our new dual citizenship.obligatory In sum, although our dual citizenship may at times lead to conflict, one role need not automatically take precedence over the other. more often than not The relationship between the two roles is, more often than not, a complementary one, and can even be synergistic. synergistic coactive complement complementary supplement1 有時(shí), 很多問題是全球性的,需要世界公民的角度考慮,而非只站在一國角度. 比如,環(huán)境問題, 能源問題, 等等. 人們應(yīng)該為整個(gè)地球負(fù)責(zé)任,而不僅僅是為了一個(gè)民族或國家. 因?yàn)? 如果是后者, 則很有可能只解決自己的問題, 而把危害轉(zhuǎn)移到別的國家. shift the burden and threats from one nation to another比如: 出口垃圾,比如大量進(jìn)口發(fā)展中國家的木材.雖然自己的國家暫時(shí)解決了問題,但長遠(yuǎn)看, 沒有國家孤立地存在, 不能short-sight and narrow mind, 因?yàn)閕nterdependent.2 但這不意味著人們就要discard or weaken their role as citizens of one nation. 其實(shí)兩者并不是incompatible, 更多時(shí)候, 可以作為complementary oneand can even be synergistic.比如the preservation of traditional culture, 人們作為一國公民,保護(hù)自己獨(dú)特文化的同時(shí), 實(shí)際上也為全球的diversity of culture作出了positive effort. 比如, 為一個(gè)國家的public service付出努力的同時(shí), 很可能激發(fā)起公民的社會(huì)責(zé)任感和compassion and responsibility, 參與到國際public service 中, 比如很多charitarian就開始從對(duì)本國的慈善事業(yè)subsidize the school in one nation也激發(fā)起對(duì)attention to the education in the international scope.View1: peoples role as citizens of the world is become more and more important in the modern society.View2: Without the awareness of being citizens of a particular country, people will find no roots to behave on the stage of the world. View3: these two roles, national and international, are not mutually exclusive alternatives. They can be properly combined. 06(2次)學(xué)校是不是應(yīng)該只教academic skills 而不教社會(huì)。能力（還沒找到原題）07“Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.”“雇員應(yīng)該保持他們的私人生活和個(gè)人行為盡量遠(yuǎn)離工作場所?！? Personal activities should not be brought to ones workplace since they can reduce ones efficiency. Thinking about ones private life can distract one from his or her work. 2 Talking about private life and doing personal activities can disturb other fellow workers. 3 It is inevitable for a person to think about his or her private life and to do some personal activities at the workplace. But an employee should do his or her best to focus on the work when at workplace. 1 it is true that employees can hardly only work like a machine, that is to say, inevitably, they may carry some personal emotions while working. Sharing the personal interests and activities moderately may help build the positive relationship among colleagues.2 However, it is not a wise choice to let the employees to bring all their private life and personal activities to the workplace. 仍然舉上面的例子來說，a mother worried about her child cannot efficiently focus on her task even if the deadline is coming. a girl who breaks up with her boyfriend during the work time will probably talk to other fellows about the bad emotion, which may have a potentially negative influence on the productivity of the staff. so onallow personal life to impinge upon their job performance or intrude on coworkers.(sample)Optional words: Separate/ isolate/ excludeThesis sentence: I agree with the authors point of view towards the relationship between private life and work because bring private life to workplaces has many bad effects on both the one who does so and people around him.View1: personal activities should not be brought to the workplace since they can reduce ones efficiency.Evidence:View2: dealing with ones personal affairs at the workplace will inevitably produce negative effects on other co-workers. Evidence: Inspirer imitations thus affect the morale and productivity. Working atmosphere, morale, corporate culture.View3: since sometimes problems of private life will catch people all the time, the supervisors should be more sensitive to their subordinators difficulties, and help them to handle them properly. 08（27） “A companys long-term success is primarily dependent on the job satisfaction and the job security felt b