WGet使用方法.doc

wget使用方法(ZT)wget是在Linux下開發(fā)的開放源代碼的軟件，作者是Hrvoje Niksic，后來被移植到包括Windows在內(nèi)的各個(gè)平臺(tái)上。它有以下功能和特點(diǎn)： （1）支持?jǐn)帱c(diǎn)下傳功能；這一點(diǎn)，也是網(wǎng)絡(luò)螞蟻和FlashGet當(dāng)年最大的賣點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在，Wget也可以使用此功能，那些網(wǎng)絡(luò)不是太好的用戶可以放心了； （2）同時(shí)支持FTP和HTTP下載方式；盡管現(xiàn)在大部分軟件可以使用HTTP方式下載，但是，有些時(shí)候仍然需要使用FTP方式下載軟件； （3）支持代理服務(wù)器；對(duì)安全強(qiáng)度很高的系統(tǒng)而言，一般不會(huì)將自己的系統(tǒng)直接暴露在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，所以，支持代理是下載軟件必須有的功能； （4）設(shè)置方便簡(jiǎn)單；可能，習(xí)慣圖形界面的用戶已經(jīng)不是太習(xí)慣命令行了，但是，命令行在設(shè)置上其實(shí)有更多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，最少，鼠標(biāo)可以少點(diǎn)很多次，也不要擔(dān)心是否錯(cuò)點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo)； （5）程序小完全免費(fèi)；程序小可以考慮不計(jì)，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的硬盤實(shí)在太大了；完全免費(fèi)就不得不考慮了，即使網(wǎng)絡(luò)上有很多所謂的免費(fèi)軟件，但是，這些軟件的廣告卻不是我們喜歡的； wget雖然功能強(qiáng)大，但是使用起來還是比較簡(jiǎn)單的，基本的語法是：wget 參數(shù)列表 URL。下面就結(jié)合具體的例子來說明一下wget的用法。 注：wget url將會(huì)把文件下載到當(dāng)前目錄下面，如果將.wgetrc文件配置了proxy，則默認(rèn)情況下proxy是打開的。 1、下載整個(gè)http或者ftp站點(diǎn)。 wget http:/place.your.url/here 這個(gè)命令可以將http:/place.your.url/here 首頁(yè)下載下來。使用-x會(huì)強(qiáng)制建立服務(wù)器上一模一樣的目錄，如果使用-nd參數(shù)，那么服務(wù)器上下載的所有內(nèi)容都會(huì)加到本地當(dāng)前目錄。 wget -r http:/place.your.url/here 這個(gè)命令會(huì)按照遞歸的方法，下載服務(wù)器上所有的目錄和文件，實(shí)質(zhì)就是下載整個(gè)網(wǎng)站。這個(gè)命令一定要小心使用，因?yàn)樵谙螺d的時(shí)候，被下載網(wǎng)站指向的所有地址同樣會(huì)被下載，因此，如果這個(gè)網(wǎng)站引用了其他網(wǎng)站，那么被引用的網(wǎng)站也會(huì)被下載下來！基于這個(gè)原因，這個(gè)參數(shù)不常用。 可以用-l number參數(shù)來指定下載的層次。例如只下載兩層，那么使用-l 2。 要是您想制作鏡像站點(diǎn)，那么可以使用m參數(shù)，例如：wget -m http:/place.your.url/here 這時(shí)wget會(huì)自動(dòng)判斷合適的參數(shù)來制作鏡像站點(diǎn)。此時(shí)，wget會(huì)登錄到服務(wù)器上，讀入robots.txt并按robots.txt的規(guī)定來執(zhí)行。 2、斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳。 當(dāng)文件特別大或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)特別慢的時(shí)候，往往一個(gè)文件還沒有下載完，連接就已經(jīng)被切斷，此時(shí)就需要斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳。wget的斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳是自動(dòng)的，只需要使用-c參數(shù)，例如： wget -c http:/the.url.of/incomplete/file 使用斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳要求服務(wù)器支持?jǐn)帱c(diǎn)續(xù)傳。-t參數(shù)表示重試次數(shù)，例如需要重試100次，那么就寫-t 100，如果設(shè)成-t 0，那么表示無窮次重試，直到連接成功。-T參數(shù)表示超時(shí)等待時(shí)間，例如-T 120，表示等待120秒連接不上就算超時(shí)。 3、批量下載。 如果有多個(gè)文件需要下載，那么可以生成一個(gè)文件，把每個(gè)文件的URL寫一行，例如生成文件download.txt，然后用命令：wget -i download.txt 這樣就會(huì)把download.txt里面列出的每個(gè)URL都下載下來。（如果列的是文件就下載文件，如果列的是網(wǎng)站，那么下載首頁(yè)） 4、選擇性的下載。 可以指定讓wget只下載一類文件，或者不下載什么文件。例如： wget -m -reject=gif http:/target.web.site/subdirectory 表示下載http:/target.web.site/subdirectory，但是忽略gif文件。-accept=LIST 可以接受的文件類型，-reject=LIST拒絕接受的文件類型。 5、密碼和認(rèn)證。 wget只能處理利用用戶名/密碼方式限制訪問的網(wǎng)站，可以利用兩個(gè)參數(shù)： -http-user=USER設(shè)置HTTP用戶 -http-passwd=PASS設(shè)置HTTP密碼 對(duì)于需要證書做認(rèn)證的網(wǎng)站，就只能利用其他下載工具了，例如curl。 6、利用代理服務(wù)器進(jìn)行下載。 如果用戶的網(wǎng)絡(luò)需要經(jīng)過代理服務(wù)器，那么可以讓wget通過代理服務(wù)器進(jìn)行文件的下載。此時(shí)需要在當(dāng)前用戶的目錄下創(chuàng)建一個(gè).wgetrc文件。文件中可以設(shè)置代理服務(wù)器： http-proxy = 11:8080 ftp-proxy = 11:8080 分別表示http的代理服務(wù)器和ftp的代理服務(wù)器。如果代理服務(wù)器需要密碼則使用： -proxy-user=USER設(shè)置代理用戶 -proxy-passwd=PASS設(shè)置代理密碼 這兩個(gè)參數(shù)。 使用參數(shù)-proxy=on/off 使用或者關(guān)閉代理。 wget還有很多有用的功能，需要用戶去挖掘。 附錄： 命令格式： wget 參數(shù)列表 網(wǎng)址 -V,-version 顯示軟件版本號(hào)然后退出； -h,-help顯示軟件幫助信息； -e,-execute=COMMAND 執(zhí)行一個(gè) “.wgetrc”命令 -o,-output-file=FILE 將軟件輸出信息保存到文件； -a,-append-output=FILE將軟件輸出信息追加到文件； -d,-debug顯示輸出信息； -q,-quiet 不顯示輸出信息； -i,-input-file=FILE 從文件中取得URL； -t,-tries=NUMBER 是否下載次數(shù)（0表示無窮次） -O -output-document=FILE下載文件保存為別的文件名 -nc, -no-clobber 不要覆蓋已經(jīng)存在的文件 -N,-timestamping只下載比本地新的文件 -T,-timeout=SECONDS 設(shè)置超時(shí)時(shí)間 -Y,-proxy=on/off 關(guān)閉代理 -nd,-no-directories 不建立目錄 -x,-force-directories 強(qiáng)制建立目錄 -http-user=USER設(shè)置HTTP用戶 -http-passwd=PASS設(shè)置HTTP密碼 -proxy-user=USER設(shè)置代理用戶 -proxy-passwd=PASS設(shè)置代理密碼 -r,-recursive 下載整個(gè)網(wǎng)站、目錄（小心使用） -l,-level=NUMBER 下載層次 -A,-accept=LIST 可以接受的文件類型 -R,-reject=LIST拒絕接受的文件類型 -D,-domains=LIST可以接受的域名 -exclude-domains=LIST拒絕的域名 -L,-relative 下載關(guān)聯(lián)鏈接 -follow-ftp 只下載FTP鏈接 -H,-span-hosts 可以下載外面的主機(jī) -I,-include-directories=LIST允許的目錄 -X,-exclude-directories=LIST 拒絕的目錄 中文文檔名在平常的情況下會(huì)被編碼， 但是在 -cut-dirs 時(shí)又是正常的， wget -r -np -nH -cut-dirs=3 ftp:/host/test/ 測(cè)試.txt wget -r -np -nH -nd ftp:/host/test/ %B4%FA%B8%D5.txt wget ftp:/host/test/* %B4%FA%B8%D5.txt 由於不知名的原因，可能是為了避開特殊檔名， wget 會(huì)自動(dòng)將抓取檔名的部分用 encode_string 處理過， 所以該 patch 就把被 encode_string 處理成 %3A 這種東西， 用 decode_string 還原成 :，并套用在目錄與檔案名稱的部分，decode_string 是 wget 內(nèi)建的函式。D: wget -helpSYSTEM_WGETRC = c:/progra1/wget/etc/wgetrcsyswgetrc = D:Program FilesGnuWin32/etc/wgetrcGNU Wget 1.11.4，非交互式的網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件下載工具。用法： wget 選項(xiàng). URL.Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.Startup: -V, -version display the version of Wget and exit. -h, -help print this help. -b, -background go to background after startup. -e, -execute=COMMAND execute a .wgetrc-style command.Logging and input file: -o, -output-file=FILE log messages to FILE. -a, -append-output=FILE append messages to FILE. -d, -debug print lots of debugging information. -q, -quiet quiet (no output). -v, -verbose be verbose (this is the default). -nv, -no-verbose turn off verboseness, without being quiet. -i, -input-file=FILE download URLs found in FILE. -F, -force-html treat input file as HTML. -B, -base=URL prepends URL to relative links in -F -i file.Download: -t, -tries=NUMBER set number of retries to NUMBER (0 unlimits). -retry-connrefused retry even if connection is refused. -O, -output-document=FILE write documents to FILE. -nc, -no-clobber skip downloads that would download to existing files. -c, -continue resume getting a partially-downloaded file. -progress=TYPE select progress gauge type. -N, -timestamping dont re-retrieve files unless newer than local. -S, -server-response print server response. -spider dont download anything. -T, -timeout=SECONDS set all timeout values to SECONDS. -dns-timeout=SECS set the DNS lookup timeout to SECS. -connect-timeout=SECS set the connect timeout to SECS. -read-timeout=SECS set the read timeout to SECS. -w, -wait=SECONDS wait SECONDS between retrievals. -waitretry=SECONDS wait 1.SECONDS between retries of a retrieval -random-wait wait from 0.2*WAIT secs between retrievals. -no-proxy explicitly turn off proxy. -Q, -quota=NUMBER set retrieval quota to NUMBER. -bind-address=ADDRESS bind to ADDRESS (hostname or IP) on local host -limit-rate=RATE limit download rate to RATE. -no-dns-cache disable caching DNS lookups. -restrict-file-names=OS restrict chars in file names to ones OS allows -ignore-case ignore case when matching files/directories. -4, -inet4-only connect only to IPv4 addresses. -6, -inet6-only connect only to IPv6 addresses. -prefer-family=FAMILY connect first to addresses of specified family one of IPv6, IPv4, or none. -user=USER set both ftp and http user to USER. -password=PASS set both ftp and http password to PASS.Directories: -nd, -no-directories dont create directories. -x, -force-directories force creation of directories. -nH, -no-host-directories dont create host directories. -protocol-directories use protocol name in directories. -P, -directory-prefix=PREFIX save files to PREFIX/. -cut-dirs=NUMBER ignore NUMBER remote directory components.HTTP options: -http-user=USER set http user to USER. -http-password=PASS set http password to PASS. -no-cache disallow server-cached data. -E, -html-extension save HTML documents with .html extension. -ignore-length ignore Content-Length header field. -header=STRING insert STRING among the headers. -max-redirect maximum redirections allowed per page. -proxy-user=USER set USER as proxy username. -proxy-password=PASS set PASS as proxy password. -referer=URL include Referer: URL header in HTTP request. -save-headers save the HTTP headers to file. -U, -user-agent=AGENT identify as AGENT instead of Wget/VERSION. -no-http-keep-alive disable HTTP keep-alive (persistent connections) -no-cookies dont use cookies. -load-cookies=FILE load cookies from FILE before session. -save-cookies=FILE save cookies to FILE after session. -keep-session-cookies load and save session (non-permanent) cookies. -post-data=STRING use the POST method; send STRING as the data. -post-file=FILE use the POST method; send contents of FILE. -content-disposition honor the Content-Disposition header when choosing local file names (EXPERIMENTAL). -auth-no-challenge Send Basic HTTP authentication information without first waiting for the servers challenge.HTTPS (SSL/TLS) options: -secure-protocol=PR choose secure protocol, one of auto, SSLv2, SSLv3, and TLSv1. -no-check-certificate dont validate the servers certificate. -certificate=FILE client certificate file. -certificate-type=TYPE client certificate type, PEM or DER. -private-key=FILE private key file. -private-key-type=TYPE private key type, PEM or DER. -ca-certificate=FILE file with the bundle of CAs. -ca-directory=DIR directory where hash list of CAs is stored. -random-file=FILE file with random data for seeding the SSL PRNG. -egd-file=FILE file naming the EGD socket with random data.FTP options: -ftp-user=USER set ftp user to USER. -ftp-password=PASS set ftp password to PASS. -no-remove-listing dont remove .listing files. -no-glob turn off FTP file name globbing. -no-passive-ftp disable the passive transfer mode. -retr-symlinks when recursing, get linked-to files (not dir). -preserve-permissions preserve remote file permissions.Recursive download: -r, -recursive specify recursive download. -l, -level=NUMBER maximum recursion depth (inf or 0 for infinite). -delete-after delete files locally after downloading them. -k, -convert-links make links in downloaded HTML point to local files. -K, -backup-converted before converting file X, back up as X.orig. -m, -mirror shortcut for -N -r -l inf -no-remove-listing. -p, -page-requisites get all images, etc. needed to display HTML page. -strict-comments turn on strict (SGML) handling of HTML comments.Recursive accept/reject: -A, -accept=LIST comma-separated list of accepted extensions. -R, -reject=LIST comma-separated list of rejected extensions. -D, -domains=LIST comma-separated list of accepted domains. -exclude-domains=LIST comma-separated list of rejected domains. -follow-ftp follow FTP links from HTML documents. -follow-tags=LIST comma-separated list of followed HTML tags. -ignore-tags=LIST comma-separated list of ignored HTML tags. -H, -span-hosts go to foreign hosts when recursive. -L, -relative follow relative links only. -I, -include-directories=LIST list of allowed directories. -X, -exclude-directories=LIST list of excluded directories. -np, -no-parent dont ascend to the parent directory.請(qǐng)將錯(cuò)誤報(bào)告或建議寄給 。88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888D: wget -helpSYSTEM_WGETRC = c:/progra1/wget/etc/wgetrcsyswgetrc = D:Program FilesGnuWin32/etc/wgetrcGNU Wget 1.11.4，非交互式的網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件下載工具。用法： wget 選項(xiàng). URL.Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.Startup: -V, -version display the version of Wget and exit. -h, -help print this help. -b, -background go to background after startup. -e, -execute=COMMAND execute a .wgetrc-style command.Logging and input file: -o, -output-file=FILE log messages to FILE. -a, -append-output=FILE append messages to FILE. -d, -debug print lots of debugging information. -q, -quiet quiet (no output). -v, -verbose be verbose (this is the default). -nv, -no-verbose turn off verboseness, without being quiet. -i, -input-file=FILE download URLs found in FILE. -F, -force-html treat input file as HTML. -B, -base=URL prepends URL to relative links in -F -i file.Download: -t, -tries=NUMBER set number of retries to NUMBER (0 unlimits). -retry-connrefused retry even if connection is refused. -O, -output-document=FILE write documents to FILE. -nc, -no-clobber skip downloads that would download to existing files. -c, -continue resume getting a partially-downloaded file. -progress=TYPE select progress gauge type. -N, -timestamping dont re-retrieve files unless newer than local. -S, -server-response print server response. -spider dont download anything. -T, -timeout=SECONDS set all timeout values to SECONDS. -dns-timeout=SECS set the DNS lookup timeout to SECS. -connect-timeout=SECS set the connect timeout to SECS. -read-timeout=SECS set the read timeout to SECS. -w, -wait=SECONDS wait SECONDS between retrievals. -waitretry=SECONDS wait 1.SECONDS between retries of a retrieval. -random-wait wait from 0.2*WAIT secs between retrievals. -no-proxy explicitly turn off proxy. -Q, -quota=NUMBER set retrieval quota to NUMBER. -bind-address=ADDRESS bind to ADDRESS (hostname or IP) on local host. -limit-rate=RATE limit download rate to RATE. -no-dns-cache disable caching DNS lookups. -restrict-file-names=OS restrict chars in file names to ones OS allows. -ignore-case ignore case when matching files/directories. -4, -inet4-only connect only to IPv4 addresses. -6, -inet6-only connect only to IPv6 addresses. -prefer-family=FAMILY connect first to addresses of specified family, one of IPv6, IPv4, or none. -user=USER set both ftp and http user to USER. -password=PASS set both ftp and http password to PASS.Directories: -nd, -no-directories dont create directories. -x, -force-directories force creation of directories. -nH, -no-host-directories dont create host directories. -protocol-directories use protocol name in directories. -P, -directory-prefix=PREFIX save files to PREFIX/. -cut-dirs=NUMBER ignore NUMBER remote directory components.HTTP options: -http-user=USER set http user to USER. -http-password=PASS set http password to PASS. -no-cache disallow server-cached data. -E, -html-extension save HTML documents with .html extension. -ignore-length ignore Content-Length header field. -header=STRING insert STRING among the headers. -max-redirect maximum redirections allowed per page. -proxy-user=USER set USER as proxy username. -proxy-password=PASS set PASS as proxy password. -referer=URL include Referer: URL header in HTTP request. -save-headers save the HTTP headers to file. -U, -user-agent=AGENT identify as AGENT instead of Wget/VERSION. -no-http-keep-alive disable HTTP keep-alive (persistent connections). -no-cookies dont use cookies. -load-cookies=FILE load cookies from FILE before session. -save-cookies=FILE save cookies to FILE after session. -keep-session-cookies load and save session (non-permanent) cookies. -post-data=STRING use the POST method; send STRING as the data. -post-file=FILE use the POST method; send contents of FILE. -content-disposition honor the Content-Disposition header when choosing local file names (EXPERIMENTAL). -auth-no-challenge Send Basic HTTP authentication information without first waiting for the servers challenge.HTTPS (SSL/TLS) options: -secure-protocol=PR choose secure protocol, one of auto, SSLv2, SSLv3, and TLSv1. -no-check-certificate dont validate the servers certificate. -certificate=FILE client certificate file. -certificate-type=TYPE client certificate type, PEM or DER. -private-key=FILE private key file. -private-key-type=TYPE private key type, PEM or DER. -ca-certificate=FILE file with the bundle of CAs. -ca-directory=DIR directory where hash list of CAs is stored. -random-file=FILE file with random data for seeding the SSL PRNG. -egd-file=FILE file naming the EGD socket with random data.FTP options: -ftp-