高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第3模塊 閱讀理解 專題八 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解精品課件 大綱版.ppt

2012屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)精品課件 第3模塊 閱讀理解 專題八科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 大綱版 專題八科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 專題八科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 專題八 專題導(dǎo)讀 科普類文章主要包括自然科學(xué)類 前沿科技發(fā)明類和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生類 其取材密切聯(lián)系當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技等方面的變化 以介紹某一科學(xué)現(xiàn)象居多 科普類文章具有結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn) 邏輯性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn) 其主要命題形式有事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 詞義猜測(cè)題 推理判斷題以及主旨概括題等 其中推理判斷題居多 從詞匯角度來(lái)看 在科普類文章中 詞匯的意義比較專一 穩(wěn)定 簡(jiǎn)明 不帶感情色彩 具有單一性和準(zhǔn)確性的特點(diǎn) 從語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面看 句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜 長(zhǎng)難句較多 語(yǔ)法分析較困難 文章中常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 定語(yǔ)從句等 專題八 專題導(dǎo)讀 科普文常用的修辭手段有 1 下定義 有時(shí)為了突出事物的主要內(nèi)容或主要問(wèn)題 往往用簡(jiǎn)明扼要的語(yǔ)言給對(duì)象一個(gè)說(shuō)法 使讀者對(duì)被說(shuō)明的對(duì)象有明確的概念 2 舉事例 舉出有代表性的恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?能夠反映一般的情況 真切地說(shuō)明事物特征 3 做比較 選擇有外部或內(nèi)部聯(lián)系的事物進(jìn)行比較 往往能增強(qiáng)說(shuō)明事物的效果 4 打比方 適當(dāng)運(yùn)用比喻 能夠增強(qiáng)說(shuō)明的形象性和生動(dòng)性 專題八 專題導(dǎo)讀 科普說(shuō)明文在結(jié)構(gòu)上常采用的寫作方法有 1 總分式 在說(shuō)明事物或事理時(shí) 段落 層次 之間有一個(gè)總分關(guān)系 表現(xiàn)為由總到分 由分到總 2 承接式 各層之間按照事物的發(fā)展過(guò)程 或者按時(shí)間 因果 條件等關(guān)系安排 前后相互承接 3 遞進(jìn)式 后邊在前邊的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明 各層之間的關(guān)系是由淺入深 文章的命題除了遵循科普閱讀的命題方式外 還經(jīng)?？疾槲恼碌钠陆Y(jié)構(gòu)和修辭手法 專題八 真題典例 2011 湖南卷 arecentstudyofancientandmodernelephantshascomeupwiththeunexpectedconclusionthattheafricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinct 不同的 species thediscoverywasmadebyresearchersatyorkandharvarduniversitieswhentheywereexaminingthegeneticrelationshipbetweentheancientwoollymammothandmastodontomodernelephants theasianelephant africanforestelephant andafricansavannaelephant 專題八 真題典例 oncetheyobtaineddnasequences 序列 fromtwofossils 化石 mammothsandmastodons theteamcomparedthemwithdnafrommodernelephants theyfoundtotheiramazementthatmodernforestandsavannaelephantsareasdistinctfromeachotherasasianelephantsandmammoths 專題八 真題典例 thescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheafricansavannaelephantandtheafricanforestelephanthavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears thedivergenceofthetwospeciestookplacearoundthetimeofthedivergenceofasianelephantsandwoollymammoths thisresultamazedallthescientists 專題八 真題典例 therehaslongbeendebateinthescientificcommunitythatthetwomightbeseparatespecies butthisisthemostconvincingscientificevidencesofarthattheyareindeeddifferentspecies previously manynaturalistsbelievedthatafricansavannaelephantsandafricanforestelephantsweretwopopulationsofthesamespecies despitetheelephants significantsizedifferences thesavannaelephanthasan 專題八 真題典例 averageshoulderheightof3 5metreswhiletheforestelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof2 5metres thesavannaelephantweighsbetweensixandseventons roughlydoubletheweightoftheforestelephant butthefactthattheylooksodifferentdoesnotnecessarilymeantheyaredifferentspecies howevertheprooflayintheanalysisofthedna 專題八 真題典例 alfredroca assistantprofessorinthedepartmentofanimalsciencesattheuniversityofillinois said wenowhavetotreattheforestandsavannaelephantsastwodifferentunitsforconservationpurposes since1950 allafricanelephantshavebeenconservedasonespecies nowthatweknowtheforestandsavannaelephantsaretwoverydistinctiveanimals theforestelephantshouldbecomeabiggerpriority 優(yōu)先 forconservationpurposes 專題八 真題典例 要點(diǎn)綜述 本文為科普說(shuō)明文 主要介紹關(guān)于大象的最新研究成果 非洲大象被分成兩種完全不同的品種 非洲草原大象和非洲森林大象 專題八 真題典例 1 oneofthefossilsstudiedbytheresearchersisthatof a theasianelephantb theforestelephantc thesavannaelephantd themastodonelephant 解析 d細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)第三段 oncetheyobtaineddnasequences 序列 fromtwofossils 化石 mammothsandmastodons theteamcomparedthemwithdnafrommodernelephants 可判斷選d 專題八 真題典例 2 theunderlinedword divergence inparagraph4means a evolutionb exhibitionc separationd examination 專題八 真題典例 解析 c詞義猜測(cè)題 根據(jù)第四段 thescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheafricansavannaelephantandtheafricanforestelephanthavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears 可知 科學(xué)家已證實(shí) 非洲的草原大象與非洲的森林大象幾百萬(wàn)年來(lái)都不屬于同一品種 即可推斷下句為 兩種大象的分離應(yīng)發(fā)生在 由此可推斷劃線詞應(yīng)意為 分離 故選c 專題八 真題典例 3 theresearchers conclusionwasbasedonastudyoftheafricanelephant s a dnab heightc weightd population 專題八 真題典例 解析 a細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)第三段 oncetheyobtaineddnasequences 序列 fromtwofossils 化石 mammothsandmastodons theteamcomparedthemwithdnafrommodernelephants theyfoundtotheiramazementthatmodernforestandsavannaelephantsareasdistinctfromeachotherasasianelephantsandmammoths 可判斷研究者的結(jié)論是建立在對(duì)非洲大象的dna的研究結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上的 故選a 專題八 真題典例 4 whatarealfredroca swordsmainlyabout a theconservationofafricanelephants b thepurposeofstudyingafricanelephants c thewaytodivideafricanelephantsintotwounits d thereasonforthedistinctionofafricanelephants 專題八 真題典例 解析 a邏輯推理題 根據(jù)最后一段中的 nowthatweknowtheforestandsavannaelephantsaretwoverydistinctiveanimals theforestelephantshouldbecomeabiggerpriority 優(yōu)先 forconservationpurposes 可推斷他的講話是圍繞對(duì)非洲大象的保護(hù)的 故選a 專題八 真題典例 5 whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage a naturalists beliefsaboutelephantsb amazingexperimentsaboutelephantsc anunexpectedfindingaboutelephantsd alongscientificdebateaboutelephants 解析 5 c主旨大意題 根據(jù)主題段第一段可知 本文主要介紹關(guān)于非洲大象的最新研究成果 非洲草原大象和非洲森林大象實(shí)為兩種完全不同的品種 由此判斷選c 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) 一 motoristswhousedtolistentotheradioortheirfavoritetunesoncdsmayhaveanewwaytoentertainthemselves afterengineersinjapandevelopedamusicalroadsurface ateamfromthehokkaidoindustrialresearchinstitutehasbuiltanumberof melodyroads whichusecarsastuningforkstoplaymusicastheytravel 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) theconceptworksbyusinggrooves 凹槽 theyarecutatveryspecificintervalsintheroadsurface themelodyroadusesthespacesbetweentocreatedifferentnotes dependingonhowfarapartthegroovesare acarmovingoverthemwillproduceaseriesofhighorlownotes anddesignersareabletocreateadistincttune 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) patendocumentsforthedesigndescribeitasnotches formedinaroadsurfacesoastoplayamelodywithoutproducingsimplesoundorrhythmandreproducemelody liketones therearethreemusicalstripsincentralandnorthernjapan oneofwhichplaysthetuneofajapanesepopsong reportssaythesystemwasinventedbyshizuoshinoda hescrapedsomemarkingsintoaroadwithabulldozerbeforedrivingoverthemandfoundthattheyhelpedtoproduceallkindsoftones 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) theoptimalspeedformelodyroadis44kph butpeoplesayitisnotalwayseasytogettheintendedsound youneedtokeepthecarwindowsclosedtohearwell wroteonejapaneseblogger drivingtoofastwillsoundlikeplayingfastforward whiledrivingaround12mph 20km h hasaslow motioneffect makingyoualmostcar sick 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) 1 accordingtothepassage melodyroadsuse tocreatedifferentnotes a carsb groovesc spacesbetweenintervalsd bulldozers 解析 c細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句話themelodyroadusesthespacesbetweentocreatedifferentnotes 可以得出答案為c 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) 2 wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthehighnessofnotesdependson a howfarthegroovesareb howbigthegroovesarec thenumberofthegroovesd thespeedofthecar 解析 2 a細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)文章第四段第一句話可知 聲音的高低取決于凹槽的間距 因此正確答案為a 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) 3 theunderlinedword optimal inthepassagemightmean a fastestb possiblec bestd suitable 解析 c詞義猜測(cè)題 根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段 并聯(lián)系上下文可以推斷 optimal在這里是 最佳的 最理想的 因此正確答案為c 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) 4 inordertohearthemusicwell youhaveto a driveveryfastb driveslowlyc openthewindowswided keepthewindowsclosed 解析 4 d細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句話可以得出選項(xiàng)d正確 其余三項(xiàng)都與原文說(shuō)法不符 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) 5 what sthebesttitleofthepassage a anewtypeofmusicb melodyroadsinjapanc amusicalroadsurfaced anewinventioninjapan 解析 5 b主旨大意題 文章講述的是日本發(fā)明音樂(lè)路面的事情 故選b 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) 二 followingsomeofthetipsforgreenlivinghelpssaveourplanet alloftheseinvolvejustafewchangestoourdailyhabits 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) justwalkandlimittheuseofyourcar oneoftheposterimagesofpollutionisourvehicles itburnsfuel itisnotasefficientaswehopeitcouldbe andweuseiteverysingleday tolessentheeffectsoftheairpollutioncausedbyourvehicles weshouldlimittheiruse ifwecanwalktoourdestinationthenjustletusgo notonlydowelessenourcarbondioxideemissions butwealsogetagoodexerciseoutofit 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) usealaptopinsteadofacomputerdesktop laptopsaremoreenergyefficientcomparedtotheirbiggercounterparts alaptopisgenerally50percentmoreefficientinusingelectricity asidefromthatthereareotherbenefitsofalaptop itisportablesoyoucanworkanywhereyoulikeandthatyougetpowerfulfeatureswithoutthelargesizeofdesktopunits 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) turnoffthefaucetwhileyouarebrushingyourteeth itisalwaysabetterideatouseaglasswhenwearebrushingourteethandnottojustletthefaucetkeeponrunning therefore thereislesswatertowastewhilewearecleaningourpearlywhites simplyturnoffthefaucetwhenyouarenotusingit 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) makegooduseofnaturallight wehaveagreatandnaturallamp thesun andweshouldlearnhowtotakefulladvantageofitduringdaytime soinsteadofturningonourlightsorlampsevenifitisstillnotevening weshouldpullupthedrapesandletthenaturallightcomeinfromthewindows 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) thesearejustsomeofthebesttipsforgreenliving butofcoursetherearestillmanyofthesetipsifyoujustsearchforthem butyoucandoyourownvariationanytimejustalwaysprioritizehowyoucanuselessenergyandproduceevenlesstrashandpollution 專題八 新題預(yù)測(cè) 1 what sthebesttitleforthepassage a howtosaveourplanetb howtochangeourdailyhab