口譯教程參考答案(雷天放主編)-1-20課.doc

311.3 美國副總統(tǒng)復(fù)旦演講韓市長，非常感謝您！謝謝您做介紹時的友好言辭。今天我們很高興來到這里。我和我夫人為有這次機會再次來到中國訪問感到榮幸。感謝貴國對我們的歡迎，特別感謝復(fù)旦大學(xué)的熱情接待。我們?yōu)榇烁械讲粍贅s幸，謝謝你們！我們此行帶來了布什總統(tǒng)和美國人民的良好祝愿。 我知道在座的許多人很快就要從這所優(yōu)秀的大學(xué)畢業(yè)。我聽說貴校有極為嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，得到復(fù)旦大學(xué)的學(xué)位代表著多年的刻苦攻讀和自我約束。我祝賀在座各位學(xué)業(yè)有成。對各位老師堅持復(fù)旦大學(xué)99年追求卓越的傳統(tǒng)我深表欽佩。1.4 Speech by Wang Guangya at Princeton University Ladies and Gentlemen, Good evening. I am honored to be invited to your seminar tonight. For me, for my colleagues and for many other Chinese, Princeton has long been a familiar name. With a history longer than the country, it has produced many outstanding people, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th US president, Albert Einstein, the great scientist, and T. S. Eliot, the famous poet, to name but a few. As former president Bill Clinton said in 1996 at the celebrations for the 250th anniversary of Princeton, “At every pivotal moment in American history, Princeton, its leadership, faculty and its students have played a crucial role.”I am more pleased to learn that all of you have a keen interest in China. Though our two countries are geographically far apart, we have a great deal in common in the everyday life. While many Chinese enjoy Hollywood movies and McDonalds fast food, many Americans find that their clothes and daily necessities are made in China. I hope that todays seminar will help you gain a better understanding of China and its foreign policy, thus deepening further our friendship and cooperation. 1.5 新工廠落成典禮上的講話各位尊敬的來賓，女士們，先生們：下午好！歡迎大家前來參加我們公司在中國的首家新廠房的落成典禮！感謝各位撥冗光臨，與我們共同慶祝這一盛大的活動！我謹(jǐn)代表公司對今天來參加典禮的各位供應(yīng)商、客戶嘉賓、各位員工和業(yè)務(wù)伙伴說聲“謝謝！”公司管理層深深為我們的新工廠感到驕傲，我們能干的員工感到驕傲，他們發(fā)展了工廠的業(yè)務(wù)，使之達(dá)到國際水平。新廠房標(biāo)志著公司對中國業(yè)務(wù)的重視和承諾。各位供應(yīng)商，我們希望與你們攜手共進(jìn)，使我們的業(yè)務(wù)更上一層樓。各位經(jīng)銷商，我們將繼續(xù)向你們提供尖端的高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品，以協(xié)助你們做好客戶支持，改善中國和東南亞許許多多人士的生活。各位鄰居和朋友，我們將成為良好的企業(yè)公民，與各位同行一起維護(hù)在中國開展業(yè)務(wù)的規(guī)范性。最后，我們承諾給員工們提供一個安全、舒適的工作環(huán)境。再次感謝各位與我們共同慶祝今天的典禮！Lesson 223 Yo-Yo Ma 今天將與我們見面的是我們這個時代最偉大的大提琴家-馬友友。作為大提琴演奏家，馬友友的職業(yè)生涯已經(jīng)橫跨了20多個年頭，期間他發(fā)布了50多張專輯。他的音樂獲得過許多獎項，其中包括令人嘆服的14項格萊美大獎。他也曾經(jīng)在許多重要的場合演奏，如格萊美的頒獎儀式和奧運會的慶典活動。馬友友是出生在法國的華裔，父母都是音樂家，母親是歌唱家，父親是作曲家。第一次正式登臺演出的時候，馬友友只有5歲。隨后他隨家人遷居到了美國。4年后，年僅9歲的馬友友就在紐約極具聲望的卡耐基音樂大廳登臺演出了。后來馬友友進(jìn)入朱莉亞音樂學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)提琴演奏。從那兒他轉(zhuǎn)入哈佛大學(xué)，并獲得人類學(xué)學(xué)位。他在哈佛的求學(xué)經(jīng)歷以及多元的文化背景都造就了今天的馬友友。而今，馬友友仍在繼續(xù)他的音樂之路，并且積極地與來自世界各地的各種流派的音樂家合作。他的音樂靈感受到人和大自然的激發(fā)。在馬友友看來，大提琴是他聲帶的延伸。他演奏時最重要的一點就是全時全情地投入，并且努力將音樂的內(nèi)容傳遞給現(xiàn)場觀眾。24 CNN interview with Jet LiCNN 記者：祝賀英雄所取得的成功。請問您在英雄里扮演的角色是否與你通常演的角色很相似呢？JL: It is a very special part and a very special movie. I think its one of the most important action movies in my life. CNN 記者：為什么你會這樣說呢？你演過近30部電影，而英雄是如何與其他影片不同的呢？JL: Usually action films have a formula: a child whose parents have been murdered by the bad guys tries hard to learn martial arts and he grows up into an outstanding Kongfu master. He takes revenge and kills the bad guys. But “Hero” has a much broader theme.CNN 記者：就比如很像臥虎藏龍？JL: No, its totally different. I think Ang Lee is a very talented director. He uses martial arts to talk about love and girls, you know But Zhang Yimou tries to tell about Chinese culture, Chinese thinking and their hopes through martial arts. CNN 記者：含義的確很深。我們知道您的處女作是1979年拍攝的少林寺，那時你還是個十幾歲的少年。影片在亞洲引起了轟動，并且還加拍了兩部續(xù)集。我想問的是，您是如何從一位武術(shù)冠軍成為一名好萊塢的動作明星的？JL: I think the most important thing is that when I was young, I learnt martial arts, that is my special key. I can use my unique martial arts skills in the film. But after a few years, I really want to do something different like using martial arts to talk about peace and achieve peace. CNN 記者：這聽起來似乎是矛盾的，對嗎？您是一個打斗專家，但您卻要談和平？JL: Thats right, because Chinese culture is not just martial arts. Thats only the physical part. Its not true that the Chinese people are all Kongfu masters and can just beat up people; and that they have no brains, no thoughts. As a matter of fact, we have a deep, strong and sophisticated philosophy. I feel I have the responsibility to share this information with the worldwide audience.2.5美國興起在線實時信息傳遞的狂熱大約始于五、六年前，那時我剛上大學(xué)。開始我對什么是網(wǎng)上聊天還一無所知，但我很快就明白了，沒多久就對網(wǎng)上聊天著了迷，只要有時間我就網(wǎng)上聊天。那時我剛上大學(xué)當(dāng)我把越來越多的人加到我的“網(wǎng)友名單”上時，其他人也在做同樣的事。網(wǎng)上聊天真是越來越普遍，很快就“人人為之”了。我的打字技能應(yīng)歸功于長時間的網(wǎng)上聊天。然而令人遺憾的是，當(dāng)我的打字速度提高后，一切語法規(guī)則也丟掉了。要知道，網(wǎng)上聊天有他們自己的速記語言，語法并不重要。漸漸地，網(wǎng)上聊天的狂熱在美國降了溫，之后我就來到了中國。在這里，我發(fā)現(xiàn)對在線實時信息的狂熱不是一種而是兩種，第一種就是QQ，它讓我回想起當(dāng)年的癡迷。因此，那個循環(huán)又重新開始了。在QQ之外，還有一種恐怕是更為流行的快速傳遞信息的潮流，你一定猜到了手機短信。我在中國的頭幾個月沒有手機，也就與之沒有關(guān)聯(lián)。但最近我買了一個手機，才知道了手機短信是多么有用，以及其廣為流行的原因。我承認(rèn)當(dāng)我走在外面或坐在地鐵里發(fā)送短信息時有點不好意思，但有誰不這樣做？無論我走到哪兒，都能看到人們在手機上收發(fā)短信。實際上，倒是很少看到誰拿著手機在講話。看來，無論我走到世界的什么地方，都無法逃避實時信息傳遞的狂熱。顯然，這個潮流不會改變。然而，最終我并不對此抱怨。因為實時信息傳遞又快又便宜，又簡單又非常有趣。再說了，每個人都在這么做啊。Lesson3 3.3 史蒂夫 福布斯談福布斯我祖父20世紀(jì)初來到美國。他離開英格蘭時身上沒什么錢。連他在內(nèi)兄弟姐妹10人，不過他自小就受到很好的教育。像許多人一樣，他也是滿懷憧憬和理想來到美國的。他創(chuàng)辦了福布斯雜志，報道那些實干家，那些改變商業(yè)社會的人。我祖父常說，做生意不是堆積百萬財富，而是為帶來幸?？鞓?。如今我們講到公司、經(jīng)營，文章中會用到許多數(shù)字，但焦點一直放在人上面。對公司來說，最重要的是人，而不是資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表。以前我祖父是這樣看的，我們現(xiàn)在也是這樣看的。當(dāng)前的世界信息泛濫，足以將人淹沒，人們迫切需要一本刊物來解讀這些信息，告訴讀者哪些重要，哪些不重要。這就是福布斯的價值所在。我們提供額外的視角和判斷。我們從不停留于表面，總想看看公司到底是如何經(jīng)營的，正是當(dāng)今蕪雜繁多的信息使得福布斯日益重要。3.4 Introduction to an arts and crafts companyDistinguished guests, dear friends,I feel honored to have this opportunity to introduce our company to you through the platform provided by this conference.Founded 15 years ago, we are a company specializing in the design, manufacture and sales of handicrafts. Fifteen years ago our staff numbered 50; now the figure is 1,700. Fifteen years ago we rented a facility covering a floor space of 4,500 square meters; now our own facility covers a floor space of 24,000 square meters. These figures speak loudly and clearly of our success.Our leading products are various architectural exotic European cathedrals, the Empire State Building, the White House, and the Pentagon in the U.S., along with cartoon animal toys and Christmas gifts with a variety of designs. Our designs have become trend setters in the industry. Nowadays, our products are sold worldwide in more than twenty countries including Japan, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, America, the UK, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany. They are well received by both local importers and customers. For fifteen years our output value has manifested an annual growth rate of 30%.35 財富500強45年來，財富雜志一直給美國的大公司排名，這就是一年一度的“財富500強”，有時也將前面的100名成為“財富100強”。上榜的公司基本上都是頭年收入名列前茅的美國本土公司。財富雜志根據(jù)上市公司的公開數(shù)據(jù)來計算收入，未上市的公司沒有列入，因為它們的股票沒有公開發(fā)行。國外公司在美國的分公司也不參與排名?！柏敻?00強”公司是美國規(guī)模最大、利潤最多、實力最強的公司。論收入，即使500強排名最后的公司也是才大氣粗，如去年排名最末的公司收入也超過30億美圓。除了介紹美國公司的“財富500強”之外，財富雜志還推出了“全球500強”，給各國的上市公司排名。當(dāng)然，由于美國經(jīng)濟(jì)在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中的主導(dǎo)地位，許多“財富500強”的美國公司也高居“全球500強”排行榜。財富雜志也推出其他排名，如“100家受雇條件最佳公司”、“100家增長最快的公司”等。比較各種排名看看哪些公司重復(fù)上榜，是很有意思的事情。比如，在“100家受雇條件最佳公司”榜上排名第一的公司可能根本不在“財富500強”之列，而排在“財富500強”和“全球500強”前列的公司，卻上不了“最受人尊敬的公司”排行榜。也許甲殼蟲樂隊說得對愛是不能用金錢買來的。Lesson 44.3 西敏斯特大學(xué)介紹 非常感謝你們的盛情款待，我們很高興來到這里。今天很不巧，校長沒法來，我謹(jǐn)代表他介紹一下我校的情況。 西敏斯特大學(xué)成立于1838年，是英國第一所工科大學(xué)，所以我們學(xué)校有著悠久的歷史。我們的主校區(qū)位于英國首都倫敦的中心地帶。目前我們的學(xué)生來自132個不同國家，人數(shù)超過22，700. 所以西敏斯特大學(xué)是全英最受國際學(xué)生歡迎的15所大學(xué)之一。 我們有教師700多人，還有來自各國的客座講師1，000余人。學(xué)校的國際環(huán)境為學(xué)生日后將要面臨的職業(yè)生涯打下良好的基礎(chǔ)，我們的目標(biāo)是提供國內(nèi)和國際環(huán)境下高品質(zhì)的教育和科研。 我們是一所現(xiàn)代大學(xué)，在傳播、文化和媒體研究、法律、亞洲研究、語言學(xué)、藝術(shù)設(shè)計（包括音樂）、電子工程、政治與國際關(guān)系方面占據(jù)領(lǐng)先地位，我們的主要學(xué)科均獲得高度認(rèn)可。 我們真誠希望與貴校建立交流合作項目。 4.4 Preserve core values of the Lunar New Year To people of Chinese descent around the world, the Lunar New Year (also called Spring Festival) is undoubtedly the most important festival of the year. Dating back 3,000 years, it celebrates the passing of a peaceful year and welcomes a new year. The reunion dinner, eaten on New Years Eve, is the most special, with members of the extended family gathering for the most significant meal of the year. Even the absent members will endeavor to return home in time for it. It underscores the supreme importance of the family in Chinese culture, and aims at strengthening the sense of togetherness and cohesion. The way people celebrate the New Year embodies two important core values. The first value is the sense of family togetherness; members of multi-generation families are all there to have a big reunion dinner. Everyone will follow this custom. The female members are always held responsible for preparing the dinner, and some rich families may take on extra hands. The second value lies in the happy visits mutually made between friends and relatives, a good way to strengthen kinship and friendship. However, economic development has resulted in some changes in lifestyles. After a busy year, people are tired of preparing for the reunion dinner, and would rather hold their reunion dinner in posh restaurants, despite the exorbitant costs. The festival door-to door visits have given way to New Year greetings via telephone or text messages. Some families even go to such extremes as to travel and seek temporary refuge in a hotel so as to avoid being visited. Some tradition-minded people regard the reunion dinner and visits to relatives and close friends during the New Year as core values, without which the holiday would lose much of its significance. Some pessimists contend that, as the popularity of western culture grows, Chinese traditional festivals gradually lose their original meaning and degenerate into commercial festivals like Christmas. The Spring Festival is an important part of the Chinese cultural heritage, and it will continue to be celebrated. The modes of celebration may change, but the core value should be sustained: that of respect for kinship and friendship. 4.5 中英教育交流Q: My question is about educational exchanges. You mentioned in your speech that there are large numbers of Chinese students studying in Britain. As we know, it is extremely difficult to get a scholarship in a British university. But the tuition fees for international students far exceed these for home students. So we can not help wondering about the motivation of British universities in enrolling Chinese students. Is it to promote educational exchanges with China and to liven up campus life in Britain, or just for a commercial purpose? Thank you. A: 這實際上是出于多種考慮。我不否認(rèn)有商業(yè)考慮，辦大學(xué)也要花錢，不過教育交流是主要目的。獎學(xué)金難申請是因為錢要政府出，有時候納稅人有意見，說政府應(yīng)該把獎學(xué)金給本國學(xué)生而不是外國學(xué)生。所以很困難。 但我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在擴大獎學(xué)金范圍。事實上，過去幾年，中國學(xué)生來英國留學(xué)生人數(shù)大大增加了，這說明獎學(xué)金難歸難，你們還是有辦法來留學(xué)的。 我想教育交流在未來會非常重要，我也希望，每一次外國學(xué)生來英國學(xué)習(xí)，回去時就像是一個英國大使，到他的國家為我們宣傳，不管是在中國，俄羅斯還是哪個國家。所以我們在擴大教育規(guī)模，吸收更多海外留學(xué)生。所以你們繼續(xù)申請獎學(xué)金，我們會盡力幫助的。Q: Mr. Blair, welcome to Tsinghua University. I was deeply impressed by your support for Sino-British educational exchanges, but I was also sorry to learn that some universities in northeastern Britain have decided to cancel the major of Chinese Culture and Language, among them the University of Durham. Will this affect cultural and educational cooperation between our two countries? If so, what is your solution?A: 講到學(xué)校的課程，既然我聽說了這件事，我打算回去看看究竟，不過大學(xué)做出這樣的決定原因很多，也許是經(jīng)濟(jì)原因，或者是他們面臨某種困難，這也是時有的事。要把想做的事都辦成，錢總是不夠的。不過我可以向你保證，我們會一如既往地歡迎中國學(xué)生來英國學(xué)習(xí)，就算杜倫大學(xué)沒有合適的專業(yè)，其他大學(xué)也肯定有。 Lesson 5 5.3 Premier Wens Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the 15th General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization Mr. Francesco Frangialli, Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization,Ms. Louise Frechette, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations,All Delegates, ladies and gentlemen, At this October time when Beijing is offering us its charming autumn scenery in the fresh air and clearest weather, the 15th General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization is officially opened here. On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session./Tourism is a nice and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing, recreation and health care. Tourism has been developing all along with the progress of the times. Since the middle of the 20th century, modern tourism has been growing at a fast pace around the world. The number of tourists has ever been on the rise, the scale of the tourism industry has been in constant expansion, and the position of tourism in the economy has clearly risen. Tourism serves gradually as an important bridge of cultural exchange, friendship and further exchanges, and exerts more and more extensive influence on the human life and social progress among various countries. /As a country with a civilization with a long history, China is also a big oriental country full of modern vitality, not to mention its unique, rich and varied tourism resources. Besides the picturesque natural scenery, profound history and extensive culture, China embodies the different folk customs of 56 nationalities. Currently, there are 29 places that have been listed as World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites. Thanks to the further push by the opening up and reform, Chinas modern construction is surging ahead, and the cities and the country are experiencing daily changes. The ancient glory of China and its modern boom add radiance and charm to each other, joining to create most favorable conditions for developing our domestic and international tourism. /The first 20 years of the 21 century represent an important strategic period for China to achieve the all-round construction of a well-off society and to speed up its socialist modernization. It also provides a favorable time for the further development of Chinas tourism industry. We shall promote tourism as an important industry in Chinas national economy, properly protect and utilize our tourism resources and try to achieve sustainable tourism development. The Chinese government welcomes all international friends to visit China. We shall do our best to protect their health and safety; and at the same time encourages more Chinese people to go abroad for visits. We are ready to develop extensive cooperation with other counties and contribute to global tourism growth./For many years, the World Tourism Organization has made active and effective efforts for the promotion of tourism prosperity and development around the globe. The World Tourism Organization has become a specialized agency of the United Nations. We would like to offer our sincere congratulations. We believe this WTO General Assembly session will give a major push to the further prosperity and development of tourism in the world./Finally, I wish the 15th General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization every success.Thank you. 5.4世界旅游組織簡介世界旅游組織是政府間唯一接納旅游經(jīng)營著的組織，它受聯(lián)合國委托，在各國旅游業(yè)的宣傳和發(fā)展工作中起著核心的作用。它成立于1975年，總部設(shè)在 西班牙首都馬德里。世界旅游組織的宗旨是促進(jìn)和發(fā)展旅游事業(yè)，使之有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、國際間相互了解、和平與繁榮以及不分種族、性別、語言或宗教信仰、尊重人權(quán)和人的基本自由，并強調(diào)在貫徹這一宗旨時，要特別注意發(fā)展中國家在旅游事業(yè)方面的利益。世界旅游組織的成員分為正式成員、聯(lián)系成員和附屬成員三類。正式成員是指所有的主權(quán)國家。聯(lián)系成員指的是那些不必負(fù)責(zé)外交事務(wù)的地區(qū)。這些成員需要經(jīng)過為他們承擔(dān)外交責(zé)任的政府的批準(zhǔn)。附屬成員的范圍十分廣泛，包括直接從事旅游業(yè)或與旅游業(yè)有關(guān)的組織和企業(yè)，如：航空公司以及其他運輸公司、飯店、餐館，旅游批發(fā)商和零售商、金融界、保險公司、出版界等機構(gòu)。到2003年，世界旅游組織有正式成員包括141個國家，7個聯(lián)系成員和350個附屬成員，它們代表著私營業(yè)者、教育機構(gòu)、旅游協(xié)會以及地方旅游管理機構(gòu)。5.5現(xiàn)代化與文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)主：Welcome to our studio. My first question is : how many years have you been in China?客：3年多了。我是2002年5月底來的。主：3 years. I bet you have witnessed a lot of changes in China. Could you tell us your deepest impression of urban development in China?客：我恐怕只能就我所在的城市談?wù)劷?jīng)驗，不過從周邊城市的所見所聞，我也會有同樣的看法。所有的外國人都非常清楚地看到，中國和中國的許多城市都正在快速地發(fā)展。我想在東部沿海城市更是如此。到處聳立著嶄新的高樓大廈，馬路變得更加寬闊。主：What do think of all these tall buildings and widened roads?客：這個問題提的好，但是我覺得這是個相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的問題。主：Why is it complicated?客：這個問題得從兩個不同角度來談。一方面是我作為一個外國人所期望的。我想看的，我感興趣的。和中國人想看的或者想讓我看的肯定是不一樣的。另一方面就是現(xiàn)代化與舊城文化保護(hù)相互沖突的問題。主：Then lets see what are the differences between a foreigners expectations and what the Chinese would like to see.客：這個問題看來最好這么來談。一般情況下，中國朋友帶我們參觀城市時，都是帶我們?nèi)タ船F(xiàn)代建筑。比如機場、大橋、會展中心。等等城市里最新的東西。但是外國人對老城區(qū)、小街小巷、古舊建筑更感興趣，。也就是那些使這個城市有別于我們所看過的其他城市的東西。一個外國人到過世界上的其他地方可能比一般中國人多，所見過的機場和橋梁對他們來說沒什么太大的不同，但是西安的廟宇他們就覺得有別與法國的教堂，更重要的是，中國城市的老房子更有別于英國城市的老房子。主：That is to say, foreigners are interested in the things unique in China, but there is a contradiction between modernization and preservation, as you mentioned just now from another perspective. The space of a city is limited; the old part of the city should be reconstructed, and in fact the new buildings are symbols of the prosperity of a city. Isnt this a good thing?客：當(dāng)然，繁榮與發(fā)展對你們來說是很重要的，對我們來說也是很重要。問題是當(dāng)一個國家發(fā)展的時候，人民的生活水平也隨之提高，甚至可能提高很快。他們需要讓別人看到這種變化的事實。你們似乎忽略了對以前事物保護(hù)的需要，不止是保護(hù)那些廟宇或者宮殿。而是應(yīng)該保護(hù)人們居住的房屋，保護(hù)老城區(qū)的原貌。文化遺產(chǎn)一旦遭到破壞，你們是無法挽回這種損失的。主：You are quite right. People nowadays are starting to realize the importance of the preservation of heritage. Some local governments are making great efforts to deal with the contradiction between development and preservation. Well, because of the limitation of the time, Im afraid we have to stop now, thank you ever so much for your coming to discuss this topic with us. We hope youll come again. Lesson 6 6.3每當(dāng)談及飲食衛(wèi)生問題時，你可能會直接聯(lián)想到青少年，其實，許多不良飲食習(xí)慣開始于孩提時代。小孩子的不良飲食習(xí)慣有許多表現(xiàn)方式，它包括用餐沒有規(guī)律，經(jīng)常吃的過飽或經(jīng)常餓肚子，有些孩子可能已經(jīng)開始食用最沒有營養(yǎng)的垃圾食品，專吃某一食品或著不愿吃某一食品。當(dāng)你的孩子明顯地表現(xiàn)出只想吃花生醬和果凍三明治時，作為家長就要注意尋找孩子缺乏衛(wèi)生飲食習(xí)慣的原因。假如家長懷疑他們的孩子有了不良的飲食習(xí)慣，他們就該帶孩子看健康方面的專家，比如通科的醫(yī)生、心理醫(yī)生或者營養(yǎng)師。但是在幫助孩子改變態(tài)度以及不良習(xí)慣的過程中，家長本身也能起到一個重要的作用，因為孩子會仿效他們家長的飲食習(xí)慣。比如說，如果家長正在節(jié)食，他們應(yīng)該注意到他們沒有讓他們的孩子誤以為面包和糧食是不好的食品。家長們對培養(yǎng)健康的飲食習(xí)慣應(yīng)該發(fā)揮積極的作用，因為全家都需要健康，改變不良的飲食習(xí)慣應(yīng)該落實到每個家庭成員。孩子們的不良飲食習(xí)慣應(yīng)該盡早就能被發(fā)現(xiàn)。6.4 國際煙草控制公約女士們、先生們：首先，我要告訴大家一個好消息。一個以降低死亡與疾病主要原因為目的的公約剛剛生效。這個公約叫煙草控制框架公約。它是由世界衛(wèi)生組織主持達(dá)成的第一個國際公共衛(wèi)生條約。已經(jīng)有160個國家在公約上簽字，簽了約的國家必須在他們的國家批準(zhǔn)該公約。迄今為止，已批準(zhǔn)了公約的國家接近60個。但是只有40個國家需要批準(zhǔn)使之生效。該公約在2005年2月27日生效。各締約國必須提高香煙和其他煙草制品的價格和稅收，他們必須打擊非法的煙草制品貿(mào)易，必須采取措施減少公共場所被動吸煙等。公約還禁止煙草廣告以及煙草商進(jìn)行贊助活動。但是這樣的限制必須不會冒犯該國的憲法規(guī)定。公約號召各煙草公司為大眾生產(chǎn)香煙替代品。健康的警告詞不應(yīng)該包括可能讓吸煙者誤以為某些香煙的危害程度比其他香煙小的信息。專家說所有的香煙都是不安全的。締約國還必須支持開展幫助人們戒煙的活動。應(yīng)該開展告誡人們不要吸煙的教育活動。世界衛(wèi)生組織的研究表明，全球目前有煙民約10億人。80%多的煙民生活在發(fā)展中國家。經(jīng)常吸煙的人有一半死于吸煙，每年世界上有近500萬人因吸煙而死亡，專家指出，按照目前的增長速度，到2020年，這個數(shù)字將達(dá)到1，000萬人。吸煙導(dǎo)致并增加了患各種疾病的危險。這些疾病包括癌癥和心臟病。吸煙的孕婦可能傷害胎兒。最近研究提供了更多的事實，證明孩子從小就吸入煙霧，他們長大后得肺癌的危險性增大。煙草控制框架公約廣受世界人們的歡迎，但是補充的協(xié)議還需要進(jìn)一步完善。比如，發(fā)展中國家貫徹公約需要資金的支持。對于那些不能實行的國家還沒有處罰的條例，不過他們的表現(xiàn)將在聯(lián)合國大會接受檢驗。我的話完了，謝謝大家。6.5 HIV/AIDS disease prevention A: 王先生，早上好。非常感謝您抽時間接受我們的采訪。請您介紹一下中國目前艾滋病傳播的情況。B: Well, in China, HIV/AIDS has become a very serious problem related to social development. There have been cases of people being accidentally infected with HIV/AIDS, through accepting polluted