初中英語語法-形容詞和副詞(含練習(xí)).doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除專題復(fù)習(xí)-形容詞和副詞（一）一、 形容詞的構(gòu)成及其用法用以修飾名詞等表示人和事物的性質(zhì)、特征的詞叫形容詞。它在句中可以充當(dāng)定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，一般放在所修飾詞的前面。Eg. Those big moon cakes are delicious. (作表語)Eg. There are many beautiful flowers in the park. (作定語)1. 修飾詞尾為-body/-one; -thing不定代詞時，必須放在其后。Eg. Theres nothing wrong with my bike.Eg. Please give me something delicious to eat.Eg. Anybody clever cant do such stupid things.2. 表示長、寬、高、深或年齡的形容詞的常用結(jié)構(gòu)：數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 12 years old/ 8meters long/ 3 meters wide/ 100 kilometers high/ 1.8meters tall Eg. Its a river 6 meters deep. Eg. Thats a road 300 kilometers long. Eg. The young man is 1.8 meters tall.3. 系動詞（look, sound, smell, taste, feel）之后要接形容詞Eg. The soup tastes nice.Eg. They all looked very happy after hearing the good news.4. ing形容詞和-ed形容詞的區(qū)別-ed形容詞通常用來形容人，而-ing形容詞通常用來形容事或物如：disappointed/excited/interested/surprised/bored/amazed/relaxed(某人)感到失望/興奮/有趣/奇怪/厭煩/震驚/放松disappointing /exciting /interesting /surprising /boring /amazing/ relaxing（某事）令人失望的/興奮的/有趣的/奇怪的/厭煩的/震驚的/放松的5. “the +部分形容詞” 表示“一類人”the young the old the rich the poor二、 副詞的構(gòu)成和用法。副詞是用來說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念的詞，主要用來修飾動詞、動詞詞組、形容詞等。副詞的構(gòu)成形式主要有兩大類：1. 單詞本身就是副詞。例如：often, now, always, then, yesterday, today, much, very, a bit, so, here, there,等2. 大部分副詞都是由一個形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的，其構(gòu)成方法見下表：大多數(shù)形容詞直接加-lybad-badly; careful-carefully以-y結(jié)尾的形容詞變-y為-i, 再加lyeasy-easily; busy-busily以le結(jié)尾的形容詞去掉-e, 再加-yterrible-terribly; gentle-gently以輔音+e結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加-lynice-nicely; safe-safely以元音+e結(jié)尾的形容詞去掉-e, 再加-lytrue-truly注意：(1)形容詞good的副詞形式是well (2)high; fast; late; early等形容詞和副詞同形 (3)有些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞，如：friendly(友好的)；lovely(可愛的)；lively（生動的）；ugly（丑陋的）；lonely（孤獨的；寂寞的）3. enough(足夠的；足夠地)：當(dāng)enough修飾名詞時，要放在名詞前面；而修飾形容詞或副詞時，則要放在其后。Eg: We have enough food to eat.Eg. The clothes are soft enough for you to wear.4. 易混詞辨析1）hard和hardlyhard 作“艱辛的，堅硬的”時是形容詞；作“努力地，辛苦地”是副詞 hardly 意為“幾乎不”，只能作副詞 eg. The diamond is very hard. The old man lived a hard life in the past. Mary works very hard, but his brother is very lazy and he hardly works. 2）alone和lonely alone意為“單獨地，獨自地”，作副詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實 lonely意為“寂寞的，孤獨的”作形容詞，含有主觀的感情色彩 eg. The old lady lives alone, but she never feels lonely.課堂練習(xí)：Task1:翻譯短語。1. 忙碌的一天 2. 回家晚 3. 仔細(xì)地書寫 4. 一本有趣的書 5. 非常喜歡 6. 美麗的花 7. 剛才 8. 立即 9. 九個新學(xué)生 10. 靜靜地坐著 11. 起床早 12. 度長假 13. 快樂的女孩 14. 大大的藍(lán)色眼睛 Task2: 用所給詞的正確形式填空.1. Ken is _ in playing football, he thinks football is _.(interest)2. I feel very _ now, doing nothing at home is _.(bore)3. I feel _ at the _ news. (disappoint)4. We will make you _ by the _ hairstyle.(excite)5. You will be _ by reading this _ film.(relax)6. We all felt _ when we heard of the _ news.(surprise)7. I wont feel if I dont find answers. (satisfy)Task3: 單項選擇。1. We are . Because his story is not . A. tired; old B. sleepy(欲睡的); interesting C. hungry; delicious D. happy; interesting2. Its very . Please close the door and the windows. A. cold B. hot C. warm D. expensive3. Jack went to school . His parents were angry. A. late B. early C. well D. soon4. The children are sleeping. Please walk . A. fast B. beautifully C. quiet D.quietly5. Tom goes to the zoo. The dogs there know him. A. soon B. often C. carefully D. kind6. Its summer. Autumn is coming . A. very much B. just now C. tomorrow D. soon7. This river is . A. 500 meter long B. 500 meters long C. 500 long meters D. 500 long meter8. Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks in the pink dress! A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily9. The question is for you to answer. A. enough easy B. enough easily C. easy enough D. easily enough10. The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide11. I have to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something12. Pass my glasses to me, Jack. Because I can read the words in the newspaper. A. hardly B. really C. clearly D. nearly13. The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel . A. lonely B. alone C. happily D. friendly14. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining . A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily15. He looked at it again. A. care B. carefulness C. careful D. carefully課后練習(xí)：Task1: 根據(jù)句意及所給提示，用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The little girl is crying (sad).2. Simon is a good car salesman. He can sell cars very (good).3. Your math is not very good. You should study it (hard).4. Do you see the girl over there? She can dance (beautiful).5. We saw many different birds in the park and we learn to tell people about them (correct). Task2: 選擇形容詞或副詞（劃線部分），連詞成句。1. The birds; nice/ nicely; sing 2. soft/softly; she; the door; closed 3. speak; fluent/ fluently; three languages; can; she 4. careful/ carefully; write your report; please 5. Mr Zhang; in; working; busy/ busily; the office; is Task3: 單項選擇。1. -Mr Smith, would you please speak a little more ? -Sorry! I thought you would follow me. A. slowly B. politely C. seriously D. clearly2. -Your coffee smells . -Thank you. I made it by myself. Would you like to taste it? A. well B. sweet C. nicely D. bad3. The shoes sell , because they are in quality. A. good; well B. good; good C. well; well D. well; good4. He is a worker and does everything . A. careful; careful B. carefully; carefully C. carefully; careful D. careful; carefully5. Remember not to speak when we are in the reading room. A. fast B. slowly C. politely D. loudly6. The Internet is very useful for us. We can find information . A. easy B. easily C. excitedly D. angrily7. It was very in the classroom, so the teacher had to walk . A. quiet; quietly B. quietly; quiet C. quiet; quiet D. quietly; quietly8. The meat smells . Youd better throw it away. A. badly B. bad C. good D. well9. We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so . A. well B. nice C. wonderfully D. nicely10. -Your father doesnt look . Hes looking at you. Whats wrong? -Ive broken his vase. A. happy; angry B. happily; angrily C. happy; angrily D. happily; angry11. The young lady walked into the room in order not to wake up the baby. A. quickly B. quietly C. slowly D. hurriedly12. -Dont worry. My mother will look after your baby . -Thanks a lot. A. careful enough B. enough careful C. enough careful D. carefully enough專題復(fù)習(xí)-形容詞和副詞(二)三、 形容詞和副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成：(重點)1. 規(guī)則變化：1） 一般在詞尾加-er或-est 如：long-longer-longest; fast-faster-fastest; high-higher-highest; strong-stronger-strongest2) 以字母e結(jié)尾的詞，直接加-r或者-st 如：wide-wider-widest; nice-nicer-nicest; large-larger-largest3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i, 再加-er或-est 如：happy-happier-happiest; easy-easier-easiest; busy-busier-busiest4) 以“輔-元-輔”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)尾的單詞，雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加-er或-est 如：hot-hotter-hottest wet-wetter-wettest5) 部分雙音節(jié)詞和所有的多音節(jié)詞，在詞前加more或most 如：useful-more useful-most useful helpful-more helpful-most helpful beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful expensive-more expensive-most expensivedifficult-more difficult-most difficultimportant-more important-most important2. 不規(guī)則變化：口訣：多好與一點點壞；相差很遠(yuǎn)加一老many/much-more-mostgood/well-better-bestlittle-less-leastbad-worse-worstfar-farther-farthest/ far-further-furthest注意：farther/ farthest-表示實際距離，意為：“更遠(yuǎn)的/最遠(yuǎn)的” Eg. I cant walk any farther. further/ furthest-表示抽象距離，意為：“更進(jìn)一步/最深層次的” eg. further talk/ communicationold-older-oldest/ old-older-oldestolder/oldest: 表示年齡上的大小，而elder/ eldest表示輩份上的大小eg. He is five years older than me.eg. elder sister/ brother四、 形容詞和副詞的等級用法：（重難點）1. 原級的用法：肯定句：A+謂語+as+adj原級+as+B 表示“A與B一樣” Eg. Mary is as tall as Lily. Eg. This room is as wide as that one. 否定句：A+謂語+not+as/so+adj原級+as+B 表示“A不如B” Eg. Mary is not as/so tall as Lily. 拓展：與比較級進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換： =Mary is shorter than Lily. =Lily is taller than Mary.2. 比較級的用法：兩者之間進(jìn)行比較，than是比較級的標(biāo)志 1）A+謂語+比較級+than+B 表示“A比B更” Eg. This room is bigger than that one.2) Who/ Which+謂語+比較級，A or B? 表示“A或B哪個更”Eg. Who is more beautiful? Lily or Lucy?Eg. Which tastes better? apple or orange?3) +be+the+比較級+of the two.Eg. Moli is the better of the two girls. 4) 單音節(jié)詞：比較級+and+比較級 表示“越來越”雙音節(jié)詞：more and more+adj/ adv原級 表示“越來越”Eg. Grandpa is getting older and older. Eg. Sara is turning more and more beautiful.5) the+比較級，the+比較級 表示“越，越”eg. The more, the better.Eg. The happier he is, the healthier he will be. 注意：比較級前可以用much; a little; far; even; a lot; any 等修飾，而very; too; quite 等詞不能修飾比較級。3. 最高級的用法：三者或三者以上的比較用最高級，表示“最”，形容詞最高級前面的“the”絕對不可以省略，而副詞最高級前的“the”可以省略。1）the+最高級+of/in, of 后接數(shù)字，in后接范圍 注意：此句型中of與in是要用最高級的標(biāo)志 Eg. He is the tallest of the three/ four/ five/all. Eg. He is the tallest in his class.2) Who/ Which+謂語+最高級，A or B or C? Eg. Who is the best? Susan, Linda or Mandy?3） +be+one of the+最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 表示“最之一”Eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. 4) the+序數(shù)詞+最高級 表示“第幾的” Eg. He is the second tallest student in his class.Eg. She is the third youngest lady in the group. 4. 原級，比較級和最高級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。1） 原級和比較級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換Eg. Mary is not as/so tall as Lily. =Mary is shorter than Lily. =Lily is taller than Mary.2) 最高級和比較級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換He is the tallest boy in his class.=He is taller than any other boy in his class.=He is taller than the other boys in his class.課堂練習(xí)：Task 1: 寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級和最高級。short nice heavy useful hot many little good well cold small big much busy bad old far beautiful important carefully Task 2: 用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. You should practice as (much) as you can.2. He is (young) than his two sisters.3. The patient is (well) than before.4. She is one of the (tall) girls in her class.5. An ocean is (large) than a sea.6. The market is (dirty) than the supermarket.7. Which do you like (well), English or Physics?8. Summer is the (hot) season of the year.9. Who is the (short), Lily, Ann or Molly?10. I think Tom is the (good) of the three.Task 3: 單項選擇1. Welcome to our hotel. Its in the city. A. good B. better C. best D. the best2. Because of the Internet, we can get information than before. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. more fast3. The athlete is getting older and older and cannot jump as as he did before. A. high B. higher C. highest D. much higher4. He speaks English than any other student in his class. A. best B. good C. well D. better5. Of all the apples in the basket, this one is . A. the reddest B. redder C. reddest D. the redder6. My bike is as as Lucys. You can use either of them. A. as better as B. as good as C. as well as D. as best as7. Which is the , the train station, the bus station or the airport? A. far B. farthest C. farther D. more far8. January is month in Beijing, but it is different in Australia. A. cold B. colder C. coldest D. the coldest9. The ice in the lake is as as it was before. A. thin B. thinner C. thinnest D. the thinnest10. -Its winter now. The days are getting . -Yes. We have to start early. A. more and more long B. longer and longer C. more and more short D. shorter and shorter11. Canada is the second country in the world. A. large B. larger C. largest D. more larger12. -Which is season in Shenzhen? -Maybe it is summer. Its often too hot to go out. A. worst B. the worst C. best D. the best13. He is the cleverest boy the three. A. at B. of C. from D. in 14. I hope to receive your letter as as possible. A. quick B. quickly C. high D. highly15. In Shenzhen, it is hot in July, but its even in August. A. hot B. hoter B. hotter D. hottest課后練習(xí)：Task 1: 寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級和最高級。1. wonderful 2. tall 3. bad 4. little 5. few 6. good 7. many 8. well 9. much 10. easy Task 2: 單項選擇。1. I think this card is than that one. A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest2. Zhang Ming ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too3. Sorry, I took your MP4 by mistake. Ill be careful next time. A. most B. more C. much D. many4. In the exam, the mor