初中英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)講解3.doc

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一要點(diǎn)提示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：be (am, is, are) + 現(xiàn)在分詞（即動(dòng)詞-ing形式）。動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)律：1. 一般情況下，動(dòng)詞后直接加-ing，如：working, buying, visiting, 2. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e，然后再加-ing, 如：taking, having, leaving, 3. 以輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫(xiě)末尾輔音字母，然后加-ing，如：stopping, running, swimming, 4. 特殊變化，如：lielying.二用法指南現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：1） 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)) 正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 We are waiting for you.2） 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3） 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.4） 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)色彩。 You are always changing your mind.三. 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。I need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬間動(dòng)詞 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。I accept your advice.4) 系動(dòng)詞seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。You seem a little tired.四現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的否定形式是在be后加not，疑問(wèn)形式是把be動(dòng)詞提置句首。一般過(guò)去時(shí)一要點(diǎn)提示一般過(guò)去時(shí)是表示在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式（即動(dòng)詞-ed形式）,動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)律：1 一般動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed, 如：walked, looked, finished, 2 以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-d，如：lived, decided, noticed, 3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加-ed，如：hurried, carried, 4 以元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加-ed, 如：stopped, stepped。以上是規(guī)則變化，還有一些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是不規(guī)則變化，如：dodid, havehad, bewas/were, swimswam等，參見(jiàn)初一下英語(yǔ)書(shū)后不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。二用法指南一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last (week, nighr, year), (an hour) ago, in 1982, just now等。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型： a. It is time for sb. to do sth 到時(shí)間了 該了 It is time sb. did sth. 時(shí)間已遲了 早該了 如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺(jué)了。 It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺(jué)了。 b. would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示寧愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢(xún)問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。三.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一些特殊用法1比較：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含義：她已不在人間。)Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)2. 注意： 用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在含義，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。1）動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if yo