2015年理工A英語(yǔ)考試資料2 (1).doc

閱 讀 判 斷第十五篇 Image Martian Dust Particles NASAs Phoenix Mars Lander1 has taken its first-ever picture of a single particle of rusty Martian dust with one of its microscopes. The dust particles of dust were shown at a higher magnification than anything outside of Earth that has been imaged before. The rounded particle measured only about one micrometer, or one millionth of a meter, across. “Taking this image required the highest resolution microscope operated off Earth2 and a specially designed device to hold the Martian dust,” said Tom Pike, a Phoenix science team member from Imperial College London3. “We always knew it was going to be technically very challenging to image particles this small4.” The device that imaged the dust speck is called an atomic force microscope, which maps the shape of particles in three dimensions by scanning them with a sharp tip at the end of a spring. The atomic force microscope can detail the shapes of particles as small as about 100 nanometers. And this wont be the last dust particle that Phoenix will image5. “After this first success, were now working on building up a portrait gallery6 of the dust on Mars,” Pike said. Dust exists everywhere on Mars, coating the surface and giving it its rusty red color. Dust particles also color the Martian sky pink and feed storms that regularly envelope the planet. The ultra-fine7 dust is the medium that actively links gases in the Martian atmosphere to processes in Martian soil, so it is critically important to understanding Mars environment8, the researchers said. The $420-million Phoenix mission is analyzing the dust and subsurface ice layers of Mars arctic regions to look for signs of potential past habitability. The particle seen in the atomic force microscope image was part of a sample scooped by the robotic arm from the Snow White trench and delivered to Phoenixs microscope station in early July. 詞匯: image / 5imidV / v.繪的圖像 habitability / 9hAbItEbIlEtI / n. 居住性 scan / skAn / v. 掃描 resolution / 7rezE5lju:Fen / n. 分辨率， 清晰度 magnification / 7mAnifi5keiFEn / n. 放大 scoop / sku:p / v. 挖 subsurface / 5sQb5sE:fis / adj. 地面下的 map / mAp / v.繪制的地圖 micrometer / maIkrCmItE(r) / n.微 米 trench / trentF / n. 溝注釋: 1. NASAs Phoenix Mars Lander：美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的鳳凰號(hào)火星登陸器 2. off earth：地球之外 3. Imperial College London：倫敦帝國(guó)學(xué)院 4. image particles this small： 描繪如此之小的微粒。 image particles this small 是口語(yǔ)的說(shuō)法， 其意思是 image such small particlesimage particles which are so small。 5. And this wont be the last dust particle that Phoenix will image：這不會(huì)是鳳凰號(hào)掃描圖像的最后的塵粒。本 句 的言外之意是：科學(xué)家將會(huì)收集更多的火星微粒進(jìn)行掃描。 6. portrait gallery： （火星塵粒）圖像陳列館 7. ultra-fine：超小的 8. it is critically important to understanding Mars environment：火星塵粒對(duì)于了解火星環(huán)境是極端重要的。 it 指代上一句的 dust，而 to 是介詞，所以后接動(dòng)名詞 understanding。練習(xí): 1. The dust particle on Mars is the smallest particle that has been imaged outside of Earth. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2. Using the same technology, we have also measured the size of particles on the moon and Jupiter. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 3. Scientists use the highest resolution microscope to watch and record the image of Martian particles on earth. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 4. Tom Pike said that they used to think it was no easy job to image such small particles. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 5. An electronic device has been developed to measure the weight of certain Martian rocks. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6. After collecting the last Martian dust particle, the scientists have started to build up a portrait gallery of it. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 7. The Phoenixs robotic arm collected the Martian dust particles for analysis on Mars. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案與解析 : 1A 第一段說(shuō)， NASA 的鳳凰號(hào)火星登陸器用它的顯微鏡觀測(cè)地球外長(zhǎng)度只有百萬(wàn)分之一米的微粒。本 題的表述與第一段的意思吻合。 2C 通篇文章都沒(méi)有提到科學(xué)家用同樣的技術(shù)測(cè)量月球和水星上的微粒。 3B 第一段只是說(shuō)， NASA 的鳳凰號(hào)火星登陸器用它的顯微鏡觀察地球外長(zhǎng)度只有百萬(wàn)分之一的火星微 粒，而不是地球上，所以本題的表述是錯(cuò)的。 4 A Tom Pike 說(shuō)， “We always knew it was going to be technically very challenging to image particles this small.” （我們過(guò)去一直知道，觀察體積如此小的微粒具有很高的挑戰(zhàn)性。 ） （見(jiàn)第二段）這句話是選擇 A 的依據(jù)。 5C 通篇文章都沒(méi)有提到有人發(fā)明了一種能測(cè)量火星上某些微粒的重量的電子裝置。 6B 第三段中提到， “ this wont be the last dust particle that Phoenix will image”。接著又說(shuō)， “After this first success，were now working on building up a portrait gallery of the dust on Mars”。而本題卻說(shuō)： “After collecting the last Martian dust particle，were now working on building up ”，這與文章所表達(dá)內(nèi)容明顯不 同，所以本題的答案是 B。 7A 選擇 A 的依據(jù)是文章最后一句： “The particle seen in the atomic force microscope image was part of sample scooped by the robotic arm ”。 第十五篇觀測(cè)火星上的塵粒 美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的鳳凰號(hào)火星登陸器通過(guò)其攜帶的望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀測(cè)到了迄今為止第一幅火星微粒的照片。 這次微粒的圖像比以往任何拍攝地球以外的物質(zhì)使用的放大率都要高。據(jù)測(cè)成原形的微粒的直徑只有一千 分尺，也就是一百萬(wàn)分之一米。 “此次觀測(cè)需要清晰度昀高的望遠(yuǎn)鏡，同時(shí)要專門設(shè)計(jì)能夠握持火星塵粒的設(shè)備?！?Pike說(shuō)到，他是倫敦帝 國(guó)學(xué)院鳳凰號(hào)科學(xué)小組的成員之一?！拔覀冞^(guò)去一直認(rèn)為觀察體積如此小的微粒是具有很高的挑戰(zhàn)性的”。 這次用于觀測(cè)微粒的設(shè)備叫做原子力望遠(yuǎn)鏡，它能夠通過(guò)位于彈簧末端的尖端來(lái)掃描這些微粒并在三維空 間中繪制下它們的形狀。這種望遠(yuǎn)鏡能夠以小到 100納米來(lái)呈現(xiàn)出這些微粒。而且這不會(huì)是鳳凰號(hào)掃描的 昀后的塵粒，科學(xué)家將會(huì)收集更多的火星微粒進(jìn)行掃描?！斑@次成功以后，我們正在努力創(chuàng)建一座火星塵粒 圖像陳列館?！?Pike說(shuō)到。 火星上到處都存在著塵粒，這些塵粒覆蓋著火星表面使其呈現(xiàn)出銹跡斑斑的紅色。這些塵粒把火星的天空 染成了粉色而且經(jīng)常會(huì)引起覆蓋行星的塵暴。而超小的塵粒又是連接大氣層中的空氣與火星中的土壤的媒 介物，所以研究者稱火星塵粒對(duì)于了解火星環(huán)境是極端重要的。 這次耗資 420萬(wàn)美圓的鳳凰號(hào)任務(wù)將會(huì)分析火星北極范圍內(nèi)的塵粒和地表下的冰層，目的是發(fā)現(xiàn)火星上過(guò) 去是否有居住性的可能性。從原子力望遠(yuǎn)鏡里觀測(cè)到的塵粒由機(jī)械手從“白雪溝”挖到的樣本的一部分而后 在七月份的早期被傳送到了鳳凰號(hào)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡上。 概括大意與完成句子The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen1Check out the io Personal Digital Pen launched by Logitech：Its a magic pen that can store everything you write and transfer it to your computer. And you dont have to lug a hand-held device along with you for it to work.12Logitechs technology works like this：The pen writes normally, using normal ballpoint pen ink2. But while you are writing, a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking 100 snapshots per second of what you are doing3, mapping your writing via a patchwork of minute dots printed on the paper. All this informationthe movement of your pen on the paper, basically is then stored digitally inside the pen, whether you are writing notes or drawing complex diagrams. You can store up to 40 pages worth of doodles in the pens memory. As far as you are concerned4, you are just using a normal pen.3It is only when you drop the pen into its PC-connected cradle that the fun begins. Special software on your PC will figure out what you have done, and begin to download any documents you have written since the last time it was there. Depending on whether you have ticked certain boxes on the special notepad, it can also tell whether the document is destined to be an e-mail, a “to do” task, or a diagram to be inserted into a word-processing document. Once the documents are downloaded you can view them, print them out or convert them to other formats.4The io Personal Digital Pen is a neat and simple solution to the problem of storing, sharing and retrieving handwritten notes, as well as for handling diagrams, pictures and other non-text doodling. You dont have to carry a laptop along with you. All you have to do is just whip out the pen and the special paper and you are off5.5It is a great product because it does not force you to work differentlywalking around with a screen strapped to your arm, or carrying with you extra bits and pieces. The pen is light and works like a normal pen if you need it to, while the special notepads look and feel like notepads. The only strange looks will be from people who are curious why you are writing with a cigar.6The io Personal Digital Pen also has potential elsewhere. FedEx6, for example, is introducing a version of the pen so that customers can fill out forms by hand instead of punching letters into cumbersome devices. Once that data is digital more or less anything can be done with it transferring it wirelessly to a central computer, for example, or via a hand-phone. Doctors could transmit their prescriptions direct to pharmacies, reducing fraud; policemen could send their reports back to the station, reducing paperwork.詞匯：lug 吃力地?cái)y帶 snapshot快照 patchwork 拼湊的東西，雜絵doodle 信手寫(xiě)就的資料 cradle 座，支架 download 下載tick 打上小記號(hào) notepad 記事本 destined 預(yù)定的laptop 筆記本電腦，膝上電腦 whip 猛地拔出 strap 用帶扣住cumbersome 麻煩的pharmacy 藥房注釋：1.And you dont have to lug a hand-held device along with you for it to work：to work是動(dòng)詞不定式，用作目的狀語(yǔ)，修飾lugb for it是work的邏輯主語(yǔ)。it指代io Personal Digital Pen。2.ballpoint pen ink：圓珠筆墨水3.a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking 100 snapshots per second of what you are doing：is also taking 100 snapshots和of what you are doing之間插入了per second。4.As far as you are concerned：就你而言5.you are off：你就能開(kāi)始工作了6.FedEx：聯(lián)邦快遞公司練習(xí)：1.Paragraph 2 _.2.Paragraph 3 _.3.Paragraph 5 _.4.Paragraph 6 _.AA Friendly and Convenient DeviceBWays to Download the Stored InformationCExamples of Other Potential Applications of the Io PenDCustomers Passion for the Io PenEFedEx the First User of the Io PenFWorking Principles of the Io Personal Digital Pen5.There is no need to learn how to use the io Personal Digital Pen because _.6.If you want to download what you have done with the magic pen, _.7.The magic pen is particularly convenient when you work away from home or office because _.8.No matter what you write or draw, _Ayou dont have to carry your laptop alongBthe information will be shown digitally on the penCFedEx has special software to store your informationDit works like an ordinary penEyou simply place the pen into its computer-connected cradleFthe movement of your pen is recorded digitally inside the pen答案與題解：1.F第二段介紹神奇筆的工作原理。筆內(nèi)裝有一個(gè)攝像頭，把寫(xiě)的字或畫(huà)的圖轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)碼，存儲(chǔ)在筆內(nèi)的記憶裝置里。2.B第三段介紹把神奇筆存儲(chǔ)的信息下載到電腦中的過(guò)程，其中很重要的一個(gè)設(shè)備是將筆與電腦相連接的cradle(筆座)。3.A第五段介紹神奇筆的優(yōu)越性，使用的方式和使用普通筆一樣，不用攜帶顯示屏，不用帶附件。所以，這段的內(nèi)容可以概括為A friendly and convenient device。4.C最后一段列舉了有可能使用神奇筆的其他地方。5.D文章中多處都提到the io Personal Digital Pen用起來(lái)很方便，普通的筆怎么用，the io Personal Digital Pen也怎么用。因此，it works like an ordinary pen是答案。6.Edownload和使用cradle的內(nèi)容可在第三段第一句、第二句中找到。7.A題干中的convenient和when you work away from home or office提示我們要選A。第五段第一句說(shuō)，外出時(shí)不用攜帶顯示屏或附件。8.F第二段第三句是選F的依據(jù)。譯文：神奇的io私人數(shù)字筆仔細(xì)看看由Logitech公司發(fā)明的io私人數(shù)字筆吧。這是一種神奇的筆?？梢詫⒛銓?xiě)的所有東西儲(chǔ)存下來(lái)并轉(zhuǎn)換到計(jì)算機(jī)上，而你在使用這種數(shù)字筆時(shí)卻不必?cái)y帶手持設(shè)備。Logitech技術(shù)的工作原理如下：這種筆使用一種普通的圓珠筆墨水，和平常一樣寫(xiě)字。但是當(dāng)你寫(xiě)字時(shí)，筆內(nèi)的一個(gè)極小的攝像頭也在以每秒鐘100張的速度對(duì)你所寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行快速拍攝，通過(guò)印在紙上的小點(diǎn)塊拼出你所寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容。然后，無(wú)論你是記筆記還是畫(huà)復(fù)雜圖表，所以的信息基本上都是筆在紙上的移動(dòng)都將以數(shù)字形式存儲(chǔ)于筆中。你可在筆的存儲(chǔ)器中存儲(chǔ)多達(dá)40頁(yè)的資料。而對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)，你只不過(guò)是在使用一支普通的筆而已。只有當(dāng)你將筆插入與PC機(jī)連接的筆座中時(shí)，有趣的事才真正開(kāi)始。你的PC機(jī)的專用軟件會(huì)估算出你所做之事，并下載你最新寫(xiě)下的所有文件。根據(jù)你是否在專用記事本的一些特定框里打?qū)μ?hào)，這種筆還可以辨別出文檔是電子郵件、“待執(zhí)行”人物還是要插入文字處理文檔的圖表。文檔下載后，你就可以查看、打印或?qū)⑵滢D(zhuǎn)換為其他形式。io私人數(shù)字筆可妥善又簡(jiǎn)單地解決手寫(xiě)筆記的存儲(chǔ)、共享和檢索問(wèn)題，也可處理圖表、圖片以及其他非文本資料。你不必?cái)y帶電腦，你只需要拿出筆和專門用紙就能開(kāi)始工作了。這是一種很了不起的產(chǎn)品，因?yàn)槟愕墓ぷ鞑粫?huì)因之產(chǎn)生任何麻煩你不必?cái)y帶顯示屏，也不必?cái)y帶任何附件。它非常輕便，如果你需要的話，也可以當(dāng)普通筆來(lái)用，而這種專用記事本看起來(lái)摸起來(lái)都很像普通記事本。有些人會(huì)很好奇，不明白為什么你在用雪茄寫(xiě)字，這是唯一看起來(lái)令人費(fèi)解的地方。io私人數(shù)字筆在其他方面也很有潛力。例如，聯(lián)邦快遞公司正引進(jìn)一種數(shù)字筆，從而用戶可用手填寫(xiě)表格，而無(wú)需再費(fèi)力勞神地打進(jìn)機(jī)器中。如果數(shù)字為數(shù)字型，幾乎所有事情都可由這種筆來(lái)完成例如將數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)無(wú)線方式或手機(jī)傳輸?shù)街行挠?jì)算機(jī)上。醫(yī)生可將處方直接轉(zhuǎn)到藥房，減少了欺詐行為的發(fā)生。警察可將報(bào)告發(fā)回警察局，減少了文書(shū)工作。閱讀理解第四十二篇 Renewable Energy Sources Today petroleum provides around 40% of the worlds energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles . Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel . Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oil , but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years . We could fast reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future . Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution. They may benefit the worlds poor too. “Renewable”, refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced. The Chinese and Romans used watermills over 2,000 years ago. But the first hydroelectric dam was built in England in 1870. Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. Chinas Three Gorges Dam , which has just been completed, is the largest ever. At five times the size of the USs Hoover Dam , its 26 turbines will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations . It will satisfy 3% of Chinas entire electricity demand. Surprisingly, some argue that hydroelectric dams significantly contrihute greenhouse gases. In 2003, the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill, but others take the form of turbines. As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation quadrupling 10 9 5 4 2 3 1 6 7 8 worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. They can often end up at spots of natural beauty , and are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally benign they can interfere with radar and leave a significant ecological footprint , altering climate and killing sea birds. Migrating birds may have more luck avoiding them. Scotland is building Europes largest wind farm, which will power 200,000 homes. The UKs goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources, mainly wind, by 2020. But this may cause problems, because wind is unreliable. 詞匯: watermill n.水力磨，水車 turbine /5tE:bin/n.葉輪機(jī)，渦輪機(jī) windmill /5windmil/n.風(fēng)車；風(fēng)力磨坊 benign /bi5nain/adj.無(wú)害的 hydroelectric /5haidrEi5lektrik/adj.水力發(fā)電的 tidal /5taidl/adj.潮汐的 quadruple /5kwCdrupl/n.四倍 adj.四倍的 v.（使)成四倍 footprint /5fJtprInt/n.腳印， 足跡； 接觸面積 gorge /C:dV/n.峽， 峽谷 注釋: 1. mostly fuelling automobiles:大多用來(lái)為汽車提供燃料。 fuel 在此作及物動(dòng)詞。 2. fossil fuel: (煤、石油、天然氣等 )礦物燃料 3. Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oil:天然氣的儲(chǔ)量可能填補(bǔ)部分石油短缺。動(dòng)詞 plug 原義 為“堵塞”在此作“填補(bǔ)”解。 4. exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years:很容易在 50 年內(nèi)耗盡可采掘的燃料儲(chǔ)備。 accessible： 可得到的。 5. to fuel our future:為我們的未來(lái)提供燃料 6. Three Gorges Dam:三峽大壩 7. Hoover Dam: Hoover 大壩是美國(guó)七大民用建筑奇跡之一，建于科羅拉多河 (the Colorado River)上，1931 12 11 年開(kāi)始建造， 5 年后完工。 8. coal-fired power stations:燒煤的發(fā)電站 9. to harness tidal currents:利用潮汐來(lái)發(fā)電。 harness:利用（河流、瀑布等）產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力 (尤指電力 )。 10. quadrupling:是動(dòng)詞 quadruple 的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，意思是 “（使）成四倍，翻兩番”。如：Our profits have quadrupled in five years.五年里我們的利潤(rùn)翻了兩番。 11. often end up at spots of natural beauty:常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在美麗的自然環(huán)境中。 12. leave a significant ecological footprint：在生態(tài)環(huán)境中留下痕跡。即指本句后半句所說(shuō)的 : altering climate and killing sea birds。練習(xí): 1. What are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the article? A Petroleum and coal. B Natural gas. C Wind and water. D A and B. 2. Chinas Three Gorges Dam A is the first hydroelectric dam in the world. B is of the same size of the USs Hoover Dam. C is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world. D supplies around 20 % of the world electricity. 3. Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides? A China. B Norway. C England. D America. 4. Which of the following statements is true of wind power? A There is plenty of wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs. B It is the most rapidly growing type of electricity production. C It may not be reliable. D All of the above. 5. According to the article, resources such as wind A are sustainable but not replaceable. B are renewable so sustainable. C are sustainable so renewable. D are irreplaceable. 答案與題解 : 1. D 文章的第一段提到石油 (petroleum)、煤(coal)和天然氣(natural gas)三種礦物燃料 (fossil fuel)，并且說(shuō) 這些可采掘到的燃料將在 50 年的時(shí)間里用完，所以需要開(kāi)發(fā)再生能源，文章后幾段提到了水資源和風(fēng)能 這兩種 renewable resources。根據(jù)這一理解 D 是正確選項(xiàng)。 2. C A 是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng).因?yàn)榈诙蔚诙湔f(shuō)世界上第一個(gè)水利大壩建在英國(guó) ;B 是錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樵摱蔚谖?句指出三峽大壩比美國(guó)的 Hoover 大壩大五倍 ;該段第三句說(shuō)水力發(fā)電為世界提供 20%的電能， 所以 D 也 是錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。該段第四句則明確告訴我們 C 是答案。 3. B 文章第三段說(shuō) 2003 年挪威首次運(yùn)營(yíng)利用潮汐進(jìn)行發(fā)電的商業(yè)電站。所以 B 是正確選項(xiàng)。 4. D 文章的第四段提到了 A、B、C 的內(nèi)容，所以 D 是正確選項(xiàng)。 5. B 這個(gè)問(wèn)題的理解依賴對(duì)整篇文章內(nèi)容的理解。文章的第一段昀后一句說(shuō) :refers to the fact that “Renewable”these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced.其意思是 :再生能源消耗的速度很 慢，以至于不會(huì)被替代。所以這種能源是 sustainable。 第四十二篇可再生能源 現(xiàn)今，汽油滿足了世界上約百分之四十的能源需要，大多用來(lái)為汽車提供燃料。煤仍被使用，主要是在發(fā) 電站，以解決我們四分之一的能源需求。但煤卻是昀無(wú)效率、昀不健康、昀不環(huán)保的礦物燃料。天然氣的 儲(chǔ)量可填補(bǔ)部分石油短缺。但這些儲(chǔ)量也不能維持到 22 世紀(jì)。許多專家預(yù)計(jì)，我們很容易在 50年內(nèi)耗盡 可采掘的燃料儲(chǔ)備。我們將很快遇到能源危機(jī)。我們需要立即發(fā)展可持續(xù)的方案來(lái)為未來(lái)提供能源。污染 少的可再生能源為我們提供了一個(gè)更現(xiàn)實(shí)的長(zhǎng)期解決方案。這些能源也會(huì)對(duì)世界上的窮人有益。“可再生” 是指這些能源被使用的速度低于其被更新的速度。 2000多年前，中國(guó)人和羅馬人使用風(fēng)車。但第一個(gè)水電大壩是 1870年建于英國(guó)?，F(xiàn)在的水力發(fā)電已是昀常 見(jiàn)的可再生能源，占世界電力總量的 20%。中國(guó)剛建成的三峽大壩是昀大的一個(gè)發(fā)電站。它是美國(guó)胡佛發(fā) 電站的 5倍大。它的 26臺(tái)渦輪機(jī)可產(chǎn)生相當(dāng)于 18個(gè)燒煤的發(fā)電站所發(fā)的電量。它將滿足中國(guó)電力總需求 的 3%。令人吃驚的是，有人說(shuō)，水電站排放大量溫室氣體。 2003年，第一個(gè)利用大海上的潮汐能發(fā)電的商業(yè)電站在挪威建成。它的設(shè)計(jì)好像一個(gè)風(fēng)車，但其他方面則 采用了渦輪的形式。 由于費(fèi)用降低，風(fēng)力發(fā)電已成為了發(fā)展昀迅速的一種發(fā)電方式 1999年到 2005年翻了兩番。現(xiàn)代風(fēng)力 農(nóng)場(chǎng)由發(fā)電的渦輪機(jī)組成。盡管成本更高，卻會(huì)有源源不斷的風(fēng)力來(lái)滿足全世界的所有能量需求。風(fēng)力農(nóng) 場(chǎng)分向岸和向海兩種形式。它們常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在美麗的環(huán)境中，往往不受居民的歡迎。渦輪機(jī)也并非百無(wú)一 害的。它們可干擾雷達(dá)信號(hào)，并在生態(tài)環(huán)境中留下痕跡，改變氣候，殺死海鳥(niǎo)。遷徙的鳥(niǎo)類可以更幸運(yùn)地 避開(kāi)它們。蘇格蘭正在建造歐洲昀大的風(fēng)力農(nóng)場(chǎng)，可為 20萬(wàn)戶家庭提供電力。英國(guó)的目標(biāo)是截至 2020年 達(dá)到五分之一的電力來(lái)自可再生能源，主要指風(fēng)能，但這樣做也有問(wèn)題，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)是不可靠的。 第四十四篇 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed 1 Judith S. Weis, a biology professor who serves as president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) is leading a nationwide effort to “defend” the theory of evolution. Weis leads the effort in the face of what the institute views as opposition and indifference from school boards and government entities . The Institute believes that the teaching of evolution in America is being diminished by the teaching of creationism as well as by an overall lack of teaching Darwin?s theory in high school. “There?s nothing that requires schools to teach evolution. Sometimes teachers in high schools just leave it out . However , from the point of view of biologists, evolution is the central theory of hiology upon which everything is based,” said Weis. “Unfortunately, teaching evolution has become a political issue in many parts of the country and AIBS, as a representative of biologists, wanted to be a major force speaking out in favor of its teaching .” Weis said the institute is working together with the American Geological Institute and the National Associati