八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法和短語(yǔ).doc

八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法和短語(yǔ) 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法和短語(yǔ)Unit 1 Will people have robots?重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用do/does 的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式：(shall/will) dodo/does 的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(shall/will) be done一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式：肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People (will not/wont) have robots in a few years.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：What will people have in a few years?重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：wont = will not theyll = they will shell = she will hell = he will Ill = I willfall in love with(sb./sth.) 愛(ài)上(某人/某物) be able to do sth. 能夠做某事come true 實(shí)現(xiàn) in the future 未來(lái) hundreds of 數(shù)以百計(jì)的 thousands of 數(shù)以千計(jì)的look for(sb./sth.) 尋找(某人/某物) will would 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 will 的原形和過(guò)去式may might 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 may 的原形和過(guò)去式 Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看著標(biāo)題和圖片，預(yù)知你要閱讀那些方面的內(nèi)容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (這樣可以幫助你獲得一些新的信息。)Unit 2 What should I do?重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)(將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的委婉說(shuō)法)do/does 的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式：(should/would) dodo/does 的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(should/would) be done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式：肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldnt write a letter to him.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Should I write a letter to him?特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：What should I do?重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：keep sb. out 不讓某人進(jìn)入 新 課標(biāo)第 一網(wǎng)Whats wrong? = Whats the matter? = Whats the problem? 怎么了?out of style 不時(shí)髦的;過(guò)時(shí)的 call sb. up 給某人打電話 pay for sth. 為某事付款 part-time job 兼職工作the same as = be same (to/with) 與同樣 in style 時(shí)髦的;流行的get on well with sb. = get along well with sb. 與某人相處(好) didnt = did notcouldnt = could not as . as possible 盡可能(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快)all kinds of 各種;許多 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 請(qǐng)求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 請(qǐng)求某人不要做某事spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) in doing sth. 花錢做某事sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花錢為了某事take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人時(shí)間做某事 find out 查明find sb. doing sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事 be angry with sb. 生某人的氣be angry at sth. 生某事的氣 the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣have fight with sb. 與某人打架 learn to do sth. 學(xué)會(huì)做某事 not . until . 直到才compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較its time for sth. = its time to do sth. 到該做某事的時(shí)間了maybe adv. 或許 may be (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形)可能是shall should 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 shall 的原形和過(guò)去式pay paid paid 動(dòng)詞 pay 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞 Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learners dictionary. (時(shí)刻學(xué)著應(yīng)用新單詞來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)比時(shí)刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的場(chǎng)合下，一本雙語(yǔ)字典有時(shí)會(huì)給你錯(cuò)誤的解釋。)Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)do/does 的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式：(was/were) doingdo/does 的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(was/were) being done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式：肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句：I wasnt walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?動(dòng)詞 when 和 while 的選擇：when 后加瞬間動(dòng)詞，while 后加延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感嘆句 結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) How + adj. + the + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞=(2) What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞例句：What a beautiful flower it is! =How beautiful the flower is!What beautiful flowers they are! =How beautiful the flowers are!重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：get out 出去;離開(kāi)take off 起飛 run away 逃跑;跑掉 come in 進(jìn)來(lái)hear about = hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō) take place 發(fā)生 as . as 像一樣(eg/ as old as him 像他一樣老)anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方 think about 考慮 think of 認(rèn)為get up = get out of the bed 起床at the doctors 在診所 every day 每一天 everyday adj. 日常的 most adj. 大部分the most 最多的 in space 在太空中 national hero 民族英雄all over the world = in the world 全世界Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的標(biāo)題可以幫助你理解整篇文章。)Its also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在閱讀整篇文章之前，閱讀每段的第一句話也是一個(gè)很有效的方法。)Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ))例句：-Im good at English. He says. (改為加賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)-He says Im good at English.注意：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受其影響。例句：He says Im good at English now.He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.He said I was good at English now yesterday.賓語(yǔ)從句是客觀真理時(shí)永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.動(dòng)詞原形不能作主語(yǔ)，必須用其 -ing 形式。例句：She said helping others changed her life.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：direct speech 直接引語(yǔ)reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語(yǔ)first of all = at first 首先 pass on 傳遞 be supposed to do sth. 應(yīng)該做某事be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身體健康 get over 克服 open up 打開(kāi)care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顧not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年終考試get nervous 變得緊張 forget to do sth. 忘記做某事(該事未做)forget doing sth. 忘記做某事(該事已做)its + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)(加形容詞) context 上下文Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的細(xì)節(jié)部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的單詞，你可以通過(guò)上下文來(lái)尋找它的正確釋義。)Unit 5 If you go to the party, youll have a great time!重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 + if + 條件狀語(yǔ)從句if + 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 + (comma) + 主句注意：在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句：Youll have a great time if you go to the party.=If you go to the party, youll have a great time.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：take away 拿走around the world = all over the world 在世界各地make a living 謀生 all the time = always 一直Whats the problem? = Whats the matter? = Whats wrong? 怎么了?in order to do sth. 為了做某事 make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事(to 省略，該結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)不帶 to 的不定式。)make sb. adj. 使得某人(加形容詞) make sb. done 使得某人被做be famous for 為而出名 be famous as 作為而出名 in class 在課堂上spend .(time/money) on sth. = spend .(time/money) in doing sth. 花(時(shí)間/錢)用于做某事see sb. do sth. 看見(jiàn)某人做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程)see sb. doing sth. 看見(jiàn)某人做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性)say said said 動(dòng)詞 say 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞tell told told 動(dòng)詞 tell 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞eat ate eaten 動(dòng)詞 eat 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞speak spoke spoken 動(dòng)詞 speak 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式：have/has been doingdo/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have/has been being done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)所應(yīng)用的場(chǎng)合：某事從過(guò)去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在都在做過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響例：我已上了三年初中。I have been in Junior School for 3 years.自從那次他與我談過(guò)心后，我天天都在進(jìn)步。I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式：肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句：I havent been skating for five hours.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：How long have you been skating?注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間連用。例句：你借這本書(shū)已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了?How long have you been keeping this book?重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：run out of 用完;用盡 by the way 順便說(shuō)說(shuō) be interested in doing sth. 對(duì)某事感興趣more than 比多 far away 在遠(yuǎn)處 would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物贈(zèng)送給某人 in fact 實(shí)際上 oom 房間(用于可數(shù)名詞);空間(用于不可數(shù)名詞)common more common the most common 形容詞 common 的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)Let your eyes scan the text quickly to find details that youre looking for. (在閱讀文章之前，用眼睛“橫掃”整篇文章，快速尋找你需要的文章要點(diǎn)。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text. (這樣你就不用細(xì)讀整篇文章，就能尋找到你需要的一些信息。)Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：mind ones doing sth. 介意(某人)做某事重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：not at all 一點(diǎn)也不 turn down 調(diào)節(jié)使音量變小 right away = in a minute = at once 立刻;馬上wait in line 排隊(duì)等候 cut in line 插隊(duì)等候 hasnt = has notkeep . down 壓低聲音;使緩和 at first = first of all 首先 take care 當(dāng)心;小心take care of = care about = look after 關(guān)心;照顧 break the rule 違規(guī) obey the rule 遵守規(guī)定put out 熄滅 pick sth. up 撿起某物 wait for sb. 等候某人depend on 依賴;依靠 get back = return 要回 mean meant meant 動(dòng)詞 mean 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)As we read, we need to find topic sentences.(在我們閱讀的時(shí)候，我們需要尋找“主題語(yǔ)句”，也就是和文章中心最相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句。) These sentences usually gives us a summary, or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(這些語(yǔ)句通常會(huì)給我們一些文章的“概要”，或者每個(gè)文段的全部意思，來(lái)幫助我們理解段落大意。) After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(當(dāng)“主題語(yǔ)句”出現(xiàn)后，該段的一些解釋和細(xì)節(jié)也就會(huì)隨之出現(xiàn)。)Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：詢問(wèn)別人為什么要做或者不做某事why dont you do sth. = why not do sth.例句：Why dont you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?what about = how about例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：fall asleep 入睡 give away 贈(zèng)送;分發(fā) hear of = hear about 聽(tīng)說(shuō)take an interest in = be interested in 對(duì)感興趣 make friends with 與交友 make progress 取得進(jìn)步keep kept kept 動(dòng)詞 keep 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞feed fed fed 動(dòng)詞 feed 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞fall fell fallen 動(dòng)詞 fall 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞hear heard heard 動(dòng)詞 hear 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)To understand the important ideas from the text, we must summarize.(為了了解文段最主要的意圖，我們必須要進(jìn)行總結(jié)。) Do this by answering who, what, where, why questions as you read.(在閱讀時(shí)，常注意回答時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物這些基本要素問(wèn)題，達(dá)到總結(jié)的目的。)Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)形式：(have/has) donedo/does 的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(have/has) been done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。例句：我去年去過(guò)美國(guó)，那是我第一次出國(guó)。I have ever be