漢英翻譯篇章練習(xí).doc

漢英翻譯篇章練習(xí)Practice 1近讀報(bào)紙，對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)名片和請(qǐng)柬的議論頗多，于是想起客居巴黎時(shí)經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到的法國(guó)人手中的名片和請(qǐng)柬，隨筆記下來(lái)，似乎不無(wú)借鑒之處。在巴黎，名目繁多的酒會(huì)、冷餐會(huì)是廣交朋友的好機(jī)會(huì)。在這種場(chǎng)合陌生人相識(shí)，如果是亞洲人，他們往往開(kāi)口之前先畢恭畢敬地用雙手把自己的名片呈遞給對(duì)方，這好像是不可缺少的禮節(jié)。然而，法國(guó)人一般卻都不大主動(dòng)遞送名片，雙方見(jiàn)面寒喧幾句甚至海闊天空地聊一番也就各自走開(kāi)。只有當(dāng)雙方談話(huà)投機(jī)，希望繼續(xù)交往時(shí)，才會(huì)主動(dòng)掏出名片。二話(huà)不說(shuō)先遞名片反倒有些勉強(qiáng)。法國(guó)人的名片講究樸素大方，印制精美，但很少有鑲金邊兒的，閃光多色的或帶香味兒的，名片上的字體纖細(xì)秀麗，本人的名字也不過(guò)分突出，整張紙片上空白很大，毫無(wú)擁擠不堪的感覺(jué)。Practice 2我想,教師要給學(xué)生的,是一把開(kāi)啟知識(shí)寶庫(kù)的鑰匙,而不是把學(xué)生的腦子變成一個(gè)容器。教師的工作是啟發(fā)學(xué)生,通過(guò)自己的思考、實(shí)踐、試驗(yàn)去求得知識(shí),鼓勵(lì)他們大膽提出問(wèn)題和不同意見(jiàn)。經(jīng)過(guò)研討,得出自己的結(jié)論,而不是由教師包辦代替。我喜歡那些愛(ài)提“怪”問(wèn)題的學(xué)生。提不出問(wèn)題的,不能算是好學(xué)生。其實(shí),學(xué)習(xí)就是一個(gè)不斷出錯(cuò)誤和改正錯(cuò)誤的過(guò)程。年輕人要學(xué),我們自己也要學(xué)。一句話(huà),教育是要使人從無(wú)知變成有知,從愚昧變成聰明,從野蠻變成文明,而不是相反。就說(shuō)這流行音樂(lè)吧,我就不如年輕人懂得多。我有個(gè)習(xí)慣,自己不懂得東西，絕不輕易反對(duì),而是努力去學(xué)懂它。你看吧,大街上姑娘們大聲談笑,我行我素；小伙子也穿紅戴綠。中國(guó)人膽子大起來(lái)了，不那么縮頭縮腦了。你還能拿年輕人頭發(fā)長(zhǎng)短、褲腳大小來(lái)衡量誰(shuí)是好學(xué)生誰(shuí)是壞學(xué)生嗎？Practice 3我所追求的幸福在西方流傳著一句據(jù)說(shuō)是來(lái)自古老中國(guó)的諺語(yǔ)，只是我在中國(guó)從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“如果你想要幾小時(shí)的幸福，就去喝醉酒；如果你想要三年的幸福，就去結(jié)婚；如果你想要一輩子的幸福，就去做個(gè)園丁。”他們對(duì)園丁能一輩子幸福的解釋是：“做有用的事，與自然融合，對(duì)身體的鍛煉和每天都會(huì)有新的喜悅?！蔽铱吹竭^(guò)一份美國(guó)某大學(xué)對(duì)“幸福”的研究課題報(bào)告，對(duì)幸福下的定義是：“主觀地感到適意的程度”，具體地說(shuō)是“對(duì)自己的生活感到有意義，滿(mǎn)意和舒適的一種積極的狀態(tài)”。這種感覺(jué)應(yīng)當(dāng)是有持續(xù)性的。許多人以為休閑是很大的幸福，但調(diào)查顯示：大部分感到幸福的人是在工作中，是那些因工作而特別忙碌的人而不是有太多休閑時(shí)間的人。幸福不意味著“得到我想要的東西”，而是“想要我們得到的東西” 。人有時(shí)不珍惜自己已經(jīng)有的卻總?cè)ハ肽切┑貌坏降臇|西。就像有些男人寧愿想象出五十個(gè)夢(mèng)中情人而不和他身邊那一個(gè)女人實(shí)實(shí)在在地生活。幸福是一種使兩者平衡的游戲：我們已有的和我們想要的，即愿意和可能性之間的。最后他們得出的結(jié)論：“幸福的人是一個(gè)有遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo)同時(shí)不忘記自己是生活在現(xiàn)在的人；一個(gè)選擇對(duì)自己的才能和可能性有挑戰(zhàn)的人；一個(gè)對(duì)自己的成績(jī)和社會(huì)承認(rèn)感到驕傲的人；一個(gè)自尊、自愛(ài)、自由和自信的人；一個(gè)有社會(huì)交往也能享受人際關(guān)系的人；一個(gè)樂(lè)于助人并接受幫助的人；一個(gè)知道自己能承受痛苦和挫折的人；一個(gè)能從日常生活小事上感到樂(lè)趣的人；一個(gè)有愛(ài)的能力的人。”看到這些，我真覺(jué)得我很接近于一個(gè)幸福的人了。Practice 4根據(jù)卡內(nèi)基麥倫大學(xué)(Carnegie Mellon University)的研究，使用因特網(wǎng)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致心理健康程度下降。兩年的研究表明，上網(wǎng)次數(shù)多的人與較少的人相比，即使是一周僅上網(wǎng)幾小時(shí)也會(huì)經(jīng)常地感覺(jué)到沮喪和孤獨(dú)。使用因特網(wǎng)似乎確實(shí)誘發(fā)了人們的不良感覺(jué)。研究人員對(duì)這些結(jié)果困惑不解，因?yàn)檫@與他們的預(yù)料截然相反。他們預(yù)測(cè)，和看電視相比，從社交角度來(lái)說(shuō)，上網(wǎng)可能更健康一些，因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)允許使用者選擇自己需要的信息并且和別人進(jìn)行交流。研究者推測(cè)說(shuō)，上網(wǎng)使人減少了和家人及朋友共度的時(shí)光，這也許可以解釋他們心理健康狀況下降的原因。和面對(duì)面的交談相比，這種見(jiàn)不著面、看不見(jiàn)人的“虛”的交流可能會(huì)使人從心理上缺乏滿(mǎn)足感，人們通過(guò)這種交流結(jié)下的友誼也不會(huì)太深。還有一種可能是，網(wǎng)民通過(guò)因特網(wǎng)所了解到的廣闊世界使得他們對(duì)自己的生活不那么滿(mǎn)意了?！叭欢?，重要的是不要忘記這與技術(shù)本身是無(wú)關(guān)的，”這項(xiàng)研究的發(fā)起人之一、心理學(xué)家、英特爾公司的克里斯汀賴(lài)?yán)?(Riley)說(shuō)，“問(wèn)題在于如何使用因特網(wǎng)?！庇⒆g漢篇章練習(xí)Passage 1 Three New YorksThere are roughly three New Yorks. There is , first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulences as natural and inevitable. Second, there is the New York of the commuterthe city that is devoured by locusts each day and spat out each night. Third, there is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in quest of something.Of these three trembling cities the greatest is the lastthe city of final destination, the city that is a goal. It is this third city that accounts for New Yorks high-strung disposition, its poetic deportment, its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements.Commuters give the city its tidal restlessly; natives give it solidity and continuity; but the settlers give it passion. And whether it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small grocery store in a slum, or a young girl arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the indignity of being observed by her neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a manuscript in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no difference; each embraces New York with the fresh eyes of an adventurer, each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company1 Passage 2 My GardenJack Lee leaned back in his garden chair, twirled a glass of champagne and said: “My garden is the ideal place to have breakfast. There are very few days of the year when I cant sit out here in the sun at 7 am.”Jack, until recently chairman of the South Australian Film Corporation, first visited Australia to direct films such as the original A Town Like Alice. With his Australian wife, Isabel, he has lived in the same Woollahra house for 20 years.The first part of the house was built in 1842, added to in 1860 and again in 1890. It has had an interesting and, at times, chequered career. According to legend, the house was bought by the Earl of Jersey, a one-time Governor of NSW2, for his mistress. And, for a while, it suffered the fate of many Victorian mansions by becoming a boarding house for 30 people.Today it is peaceful and well-tended; just minutes from the City, the garden is quiet, spacious and private.In the early morning, Jack likes to listen to the sounds of the garden. The trees are full of birds. Wind bells chime faintly in a lemon tree and, if the wind is in the right direction, he can hear the faint rumble of the first plane landing.Passage 3Lateral ThinkingEdward De BonoA father is busy putting decorations on to the Christmas tree but as quickly as he puts them on his two-year-old son pulls them off. He is about to put the child in a play pen when his wife suggests that it might make more sense to put the tree in the play-pen and leave the child outside. Instead of keeping the child away from the tree one can keep the tree away from the child. Lateral thinking involves moving sideways to look at things in a different way. Instead of fixing on one particular approach and then working forward from that the lateral thinker tries to find other approaches.You cannot dig a hole in a different place by digging the same hole deeper. A committee that is convinced that parking meters are the only way to control city parking will spend its time deciding what meters to use, where to put them and how to patrol them. A lateral thinker would look at other approaches: letting people park anywhere they liked so long as they left their headlights on; giving people licences which would allow them to park free in town only one day a week and so encouraging car sharing; visible licences that the motorist would pay for if he wanted to park anywhere in town.Our thinking traditions are very firmly based on logical thinking in which we start off with a certain way of looking at things and then see what we can deduce from that. This can be called vertical thinking since it involves building on what is accepted as traditional. Vertical thinking is for using ideas and lateral thinking is for changing them.Most of our thinking does not take place at the logical stage but at the perceptual stage which precedes this. Lateral thinking is to do with changing perceptions and finding new ways of looking at things. Lateral thinking is the practical process of creativity. There are various deliberate techniques such as the use of stepping stones (produced, for instance, by reversing the usual situation). Lateral thinking turns creativity into a tool. In a patterning system such as the mind provocation is as important as analysisand more important for changing ideas.(作者愛(ài)德華德波諾為英國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)教授，橫向思維之父)(Translate the underlined part)1Consolidated Edison, Inc. is one of the largest investor-owned energy companies in the United States. The company provides a wide range of energy-related products and services to its customers.2NSW refers to New South Wales, Australia.Passage 5Versatile ManIt is, perhaps, no accident that many of the outstanding figures of the past were exceptionally versatile men. Right up until comparatively recent times, it was possible for an intelligent person to acquaint himself with almost every branch of knowledge. Thus, men of genius like Leonardo da Vinci or Sir Philip Sidney engaged in many careers at once as a matter of course. Da Vinci was so busy with his numerous inventions that he barely found the time to complete his paintings; Sidney, who died in battle when he was only thirty-two years old, was not only a great soldier, but a brilliant scholar and poet as well. Both these men came very near to fulfilling the Renaissance ideal of the “universal man”, the man who was proficient at everything.Today, we rarely, if ever, hear that a musician has just invented a new type of submarine. Knowledge has become divided and sub-divided into countless, narrowly-defined compartments. The specialist is venerated; the versatile person, far from being admired, is more often regarded with suspicion. The modern world is a world of highly-skilled “experts” who have had to devote the greater part of their lives to a very limited field of study in order to compete with their fellows.With this high degree of specialization, the frontiers of knowledge are steadily being pushed back more rapidly than ever before. But this has not been achieved without considerable cost. The scientist, who outside his own particular subject is little more than a moron, is a modern phenomenon, as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that have been made in technology. Similarly, specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes, are often given up in despair: they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the piano, when you can listen to the worlds greatest pianists in your own drawing-room?Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are. The Royal Society in Britain includes among its members only the most eminent scientists in the country. Yet it is highly disconcerting to find that even here, as one of its Fellows put it, at a lecture only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said!Passage 6The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays - not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve