計(jì)算機(jī)系畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)文獻(xiàn)翻譯.doc

淺析Access2007關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫 黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（文獻(xiàn)翻譯） 第9頁 英文譯文淺析Access 2007關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫Paul Morrison Access 2007關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)是Microsoft公司的Office辦公自動(dòng)化軟件的一個(gè)組成部分。它可以有效地組織、管理和共享數(shù)據(jù)庫的信息，并將數(shù)據(jù)庫信息與Web結(jié)合在一起并通過Internet共享數(shù)據(jù)庫信息提供了基礎(chǔ)平臺(tái)。隨著信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，信息技術(shù)平臺(tái)的選擇常常是建立或重新建立應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)時(shí)的關(guān)鍵問題，而數(shù)據(jù)庫正是其中需要做出選擇的關(guān)鍵平臺(tái)。Access2007作為一種關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)，是中小型信息管理系統(tǒng)的理想開發(fā)環(huán)境，在當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫領(lǐng)域，已有越來越多的人使用。它是一個(gè)功能強(qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)的MIS系統(tǒng)開發(fā)工具。Access2007 就是關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫開發(fā)工具，數(shù)據(jù)庫能匯集各種信息以供查詢、存儲(chǔ)和檢索。Access2007 的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于它能使用數(shù)據(jù)表示圖或自定義窗體收集信息。數(shù)據(jù)表示圖提供了一種類似于 Excel 的電子表格，可以使數(shù)據(jù)庫一目了然。另外，Access2007允許創(chuàng)建自定義報(bào)表用于打印或輸出數(shù)據(jù)庫中的信息關(guān)鍵詞：關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)，Access 2007譯文：在Office的家族成員當(dāng)中，人們最初對(duì)于Access2007的了解，往往只是局限在它的操作界面中，對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)庫的管理功能仍然只是停留在建立數(shù)據(jù)表、數(shù)據(jù)的輸入、使用窗體向?qū)?、使用?bào)表向?qū)?、?shù)據(jù)訪問的向?qū)У纫恍┫鄬?duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單的應(yīng)用上面。其實(shí)Access2007的功能非常強(qiáng)大，而且超乎你的想象。它是微軟自發(fā)布Access以來功能最全面、與Windows和Internet結(jié)合最密切的數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件，是一個(gè)功能非常強(qiáng)大，且簡(jiǎn)單易用的數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)（DBMS），就是對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)、管理和處理的系統(tǒng)。Access2007數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)是Microsoft公司的Office辦公自動(dòng)化軟件的一個(gè)組成部分。它可以有效地組織、管理和共享數(shù)據(jù)庫的信息，并且將數(shù)據(jù)庫的信息與Web結(jié)合在一起，并通過Internet共享數(shù)據(jù)信息提供了基礎(chǔ)的平臺(tái)。伴隨著信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，信息技術(shù)平臺(tái)的選擇往往是建立或者是重新建立應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的重要問題，而數(shù)據(jù)庫正是它們要做出選擇的關(guān)鍵平臺(tái)。Access2007是一種關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)，是中小型企業(yè)管理系統(tǒng)的最理想的開發(fā)環(huán)境，在當(dāng)前的數(shù)據(jù)庫領(lǐng)域，已經(jīng)有越來越多的人在使用。它是一個(gè)功能非常強(qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)的MIS系統(tǒng)開發(fā)工具。數(shù)據(jù)庫是存儲(chǔ)在一起的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的集合，這些數(shù)據(jù)是結(jié)構(gòu)化的，數(shù)據(jù)庫是一種用來存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)并且對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行管理的工具。數(shù)據(jù)庫的作用就在于組織和表達(dá)信息，簡(jiǎn)單來說，數(shù)據(jù)庫就是不同信息的集合。計(jì)算機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)庫可以分為兩大類：非關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫（flat-file）和關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫（relational）。關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫中包含了多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)表的信息，數(shù)據(jù)庫含有各個(gè)不同部分的術(shù)語，像記錄等。關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)曾經(jīng)處于技術(shù)主流而且獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷，但是這種傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)因?yàn)椴捎昧藘删S的數(shù)據(jù)模型，而且存在著本身固有的約束和限制。難以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)在迅速變化的業(yè)務(wù)需求，以及新技術(shù)的發(fā)展。信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，數(shù)據(jù)處理不僅在數(shù)量上需要越來越大，而且在質(zhì)量上也要求越來越高，數(shù)據(jù)庫所管理的數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了根本上的變化。這樣一個(gè)變化給數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)帶來了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，數(shù)據(jù)庫管理的對(duì)象已經(jīng)不再局限于文本數(shù)據(jù)等一些簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)據(jù)類型，而是需要描述和保存大量多媒體非結(jié)構(gòu)化的復(fù)雜數(shù)據(jù)，以及數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系。 另外，隨著熱門網(wǎng)站訪問數(shù)量的逐漸增加，對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫本身的存儲(chǔ)機(jī)制、大量并發(fā)用戶的使用需求、存儲(chǔ)空間的使用效率、以及數(shù)據(jù)的完整性和安全性等方面都提出了更高的要求。而這些都不是傳統(tǒng)關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫中，用二維表簡(jiǎn)單結(jié)構(gòu)就可以滿足需要的。 Access2007 就是關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫開發(fā)工具，數(shù)據(jù)庫能夠匯集各種信息以供查詢、存儲(chǔ)和檢索。Access2007 的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于它能使用數(shù)據(jù)表示圖或自定義窗體來收集信息。數(shù)據(jù)表示圖提供了一種類似于 Excel 的電子表格，可以使數(shù)據(jù)一目了然。Access2007也提供了數(shù)據(jù)儲(chǔ)存庫，可以使用桌面數(shù)據(jù)庫文件把數(shù)據(jù)庫文件置于網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件服務(wù)器中，與其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶共享數(shù)據(jù)庫。Access2007 是一種關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫工具，關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫是已經(jīng)開發(fā)的最常用的數(shù)據(jù)庫之一。綜上所述，Access2007作為關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫開發(fā)具備了很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可以在一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)包中同時(shí)擁有桌面數(shù)據(jù)庫的便利和關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫的強(qiáng)大功能。在Access2007中，用戶具有的數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問權(quán)限有兩種類型：顯式權(quán)限和隱式權(quán)限。顯式權(quán)限是指直接賦予某一用戶賬號(hào)的權(quán)限，這是該用戶賬號(hào)專用的，與其他用戶無關(guān)。隱式權(quán)限是指授予組賬號(hào)的權(quán)限，即用戶加入到該組中的同時(shí)被賦予的組的權(quán)限。假如一個(gè)用戶同時(shí)具有上面兩種權(quán)限，當(dāng)該用戶對(duì)設(shè)置了安全性的數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行訪問時(shí)，那么，他所具有的權(quán)限就是兩種權(quán)限的交集。在Access數(shù)據(jù)庫中，對(duì)組和用戶訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫權(quán)限的設(shè)置工作，只能通過管理員來完成。設(shè)置的權(quán)限包括：“打開/運(yùn)行”，讀取設(shè)計(jì)、修改設(shè)計(jì)、管理、讀取數(shù)據(jù)，更新數(shù)據(jù)、插入數(shù)據(jù)和刪除數(shù)據(jù)。關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)本身固有的局限性，表現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面： 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫所采用的兩維表數(shù)據(jù)模型，不能有效地處理在大多數(shù)事務(wù)處理應(yīng)用中，典型存在的多維數(shù)據(jù)。其不可避免的結(jié)果是，在復(fù)雜方式下，相互作用表的數(shù)量激增，而且還不能很好地提供模擬現(xiàn)實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)系的模型。關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫由于它所用數(shù)據(jù)模型比較多，還可能會(huì)造成存儲(chǔ)空間的海量增加和大量的浪費(fèi)，并且還會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)性能不斷的下降。并且，在現(xiàn)實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)中，有許多類型是關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫不能較好地處理的。偽靜態(tài)的應(yīng)用例如報(bào)表的生成，而設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)，并沒有經(jīng)過針對(duì)高效事務(wù)處理而進(jìn)行的優(yōu)化過程。其結(jié)果通常是某些關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫產(chǎn)品，在對(duì)GUI和Web的事務(wù)處理過程中，沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果。除非增加更多的硬件投資，但這不能從根本上解決問題。 用關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫的兩維表數(shù)據(jù)模型，可以處理在大多數(shù)事務(wù)處理應(yīng)用中的典型多維數(shù)據(jù)，但它的結(jié)果通常是建立和使用大量的數(shù)據(jù)表格，仍然很難建立起能夠模擬現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的數(shù)據(jù)模型。并且在數(shù)據(jù)需要作報(bào)表輸出的時(shí)候，又要反過來將已經(jīng)分散設(shè)置的大量的兩維數(shù)據(jù)表，再利用索引的技術(shù)進(jìn)行表的連接后，才能找到我們所需要的數(shù)據(jù)，而這又將會(huì)影響到應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)速度。 關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫在目前是各類數(shù)據(jù)庫中最重要、最流行的數(shù)據(jù)庫。關(guān)系型的數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)支持關(guān)系模型的數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)，關(guān)系模型由關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、關(guān)系操作集合和完整性約束三部分組成。Access2007是Office2007中文版的組件之一。與以前的Access版本相比，Access2007不僅界面更加友好，而且功能也有了加強(qiáng)，尤其是網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能有明顯的提高，使Access2007與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的結(jié)合更加密切。Access2007是一個(gè)中、小型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)，使用非常方便、功能非常強(qiáng)大，與其它的數(shù)據(jù)庫有良好的接口。通過Access2007功能強(qiáng)大的工具，用戶可以方便的使用和管理數(shù)據(jù)庫，如創(chuàng)建和編輯數(shù)據(jù)表、設(shè)計(jì)和使用各種查詢工具進(jìn)行查詢操作、設(shè)計(jì)和使用窗體、制作和打印報(bào)表、設(shè)計(jì)和使用宏設(shè)計(jì)和使用Web頁等。還可使用Visual Basic6.0A（Visual Basic6.0 for Application）開發(fā)高級(jí)應(yīng)用程序。Access2007具有完整的數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用開發(fā)工具，用戶可以方便的設(shè)計(jì)、修改、瀏覽一條記錄數(shù)據(jù)的基本表；可以在表數(shù)據(jù)中進(jìn)行各種篩選和查詢操作；可以設(shè)計(jì)和使用各種窗體以實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示和操作；可以根據(jù)表數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)打印各種報(bào)表；可以設(shè)計(jì)和使用宏，對(duì)表進(jìn)行一系列特定的操作。Access2007內(nèi)有強(qiáng)大的操作向?qū)?，為用戶提供了豐富的數(shù)據(jù)庫基本表模板。用戶只需要簡(jiǎn)單的操作就可建立數(shù)據(jù)庫中所使用的各種基本表、窗體和報(bào)表。在Access2007中，可以設(shè)定、修改基本表之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)在多個(gè)相關(guān)表之間的關(guān)系查詢。 Access2007中的宏可以實(shí)現(xiàn)操作的自動(dòng)化，使操作更加簡(jiǎn)單、快捷。 Access2007增強(qiáng)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能，用戶可以輕松自如地完成網(wǎng)頁發(fā)布等。Access2007不僅可以處理自身的數(shù)據(jù)庫文件，還可以處理其它一些數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)管理軟件所建立的數(shù)據(jù)庫文件，能識(shí)別Base、FoxBASE、FoxPro、Paradox等數(shù)據(jù)庫格式文件，并且支持開放式數(shù)據(jù)庫互連性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（ODBC）的SQL。Access2007能與工作站、數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器或主機(jī)上的各種數(shù)據(jù)庫互相連接，并可用于建立客戶/服務(wù)器應(yīng)用程序中的工作站部分。 與其它的關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)相比，Access2007具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：存儲(chǔ)文件單一。Access2007的一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫文件中包含了該數(shù)據(jù)庫中的全部數(shù)據(jù)表、查詢、窗體、報(bào)表等所有數(shù)據(jù)，易于管理。支持長(zhǎng)文件名，并且可以在文件名里面加空格，使文件便于理解、查找。具有強(qiáng)大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能，可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)來傳送數(shù)據(jù)。使用簡(jiǎn)單，用戶無需要了解編程語言，就可以輕松地設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用程序。還可以處理多種數(shù)據(jù)信息，比如文本文件和其它數(shù)據(jù)庫文件。摘自：保羅莫里森.數(shù)據(jù)庫安全M.英國(guó)：薩姆斯出版社出版，2002附:英文原文Access 2007 Relational DatabasePaul MorrisonMembers of the Office family, the people of Access2007 understanding, often limited in its interface, for the database management function is still at the establishment table, data entry, Use Form guide Reporting Wizard, Data Access2007Page Wizard and other simple applications. In fact, the functions of the Access2007 is a powerful and beyond your imagination. It is released from Microsoft Access2007functions since most comprehensive, Windows and the Internet more closely with the database software, is a very powerful, and simple, easy-to-use database management system (DBMS) that the database storage, processing and management system. Access2007 relational database management system is Microsoft Office Public automation software as an integral part. It can effectively organize, manage and share the information in the database, and database information with the Web together. Through the Internet to share database information with the basic platform. With the development of information technology. Information technology platform is often the choice of establishing or re-establishing applications of the key issues, the database is part of the need to make a choice as a key platform. Access2007 as a relational database management system small and medium- sized information management system ideal development environment, the current database in the field, there are more and more people use. It is a powerful database management system MIS development tools. The database is stored together a collection of relevant data, the data is structured. The database is a data storage and data operation of the tool. The role of the database is to organize and present information, in short, the database is a collection of information. Computer database can be divided into two categories: non-relational database (flat-) and relational database (relational). Relational database contains a number of data tables, databases containing various parts of the terminology, like records. Relational database management system has the technological dominance of the mainstream, but this traditional database management systems by using two-dimensional data model, and there are inherent limitations and restrictions. It difficult to adapt to todays rapidly changing business needs, and the development of new technologies. With the rapid IT development, data processing, not only in quantity increasingly demanding, but also the quality of increasingly high demand, database management data has been a fundamental change. This change to the database technology has brought tremendous challenges, Object database management is no longer limited to text data and other simple data types. And the description and the need to preserve a lot of complex unstructured multimedia data, and the relationship between the data. Furthermore, in the wake of popular websites surge in the number of visits to its own database storage mechanism, a large number of concurrent users to the demand, storage efficiency in the use of space, and data integrity and security, and other aspects of higher demand. These are not traditional relational database, the use of a simple two-dimensional table structure of the meet. Access2007 is the relational database development tools, database pooling information for the inquiry, Storage and retrieval. Access2007 the advantage lies in its ability to use data map or custom windows to collect information. Data provides a map similar to the Excel spreadsheet, database transparent. In addition, the Access2007 allows creation of custom statements to print or export the information in the database. Access2007 also provides a data repository. Can use desktop database file to extend the database file at the network file server and other network users to share databases? Access2007 is a relational database tools, database development, is the most common databases. As noted above, as an Access2007 database development possesses many advantages, in a data packet available at the same time facilitate the desktop database and a powerful relational database functions.In Access2007, with the user database access permissions are two types: Explicit and implicit powers authority. Explicit authority is granted a direct user account competence, which is the exclusive use of user accounts, has nothing to do with other users. Implicit authority is delegated the authority group account, the user added to the group was given by the groups mandate. If a user with the same time these two powers, the right set of user security database for a visit, then He had such authority is the intersection of the two powers. The Access20072007database, the group of users access to the database and the authority set up work, completed only through the administrator. Set up the authority include: Open/Run, read design, design modifications, management, read data, update data insertion and deletion of data. Relational database management system inherent limitations in the following three aspects: Relational database used in the two-dimensional table data model, can not effectively handle the majority of business applications, Typical of multidimensional data. Its inevitable result is that in complex ways, the interaction of the dramatic increase in the number of tables, not very good but also to provide realistic simulation of the data model. Relational database as they use more data model, which might lead to a massive storage space and wasting a lot of increase, and cause the system to respond to the declining performance. Furthermore, the data in reality, there are many types of relational database is not well addressed. Static applications such as report generation, and the design of the relational database management system after no response and efficient business processing for the optimization process. The result is often some relational database products, in the GUI and Web Services processing, not achieved the desired results. Unless additional hardware investment, but it does not resolve the fundamental problem. Relations with the two-dimensional database table data model can deal with the majority of business application of a typical multi- dimensional data, but the results are often the establishment and use of a large amount of data forms, it is difficult to establish a simulation of real-world data model. And the need for data output statements when they, in turn, would have dispersed the large number of two-dimensional data tables. Reuse indexing technology linking the table in order to find all the necessary data, this, in turn, is bound to affect the use of the response speed. Database various databases is currently the most important and the most popular database. Relational database system to support the relational model of database systems, relationships between data model structure, relations operation and integrity constraint set is composed of three parts. Office Access2007 is the Chinese version of one of the components. Access2007 to the previous version, the Access2007 is not only a more friendly interface, but their functions have also been strengthened, especially network function was improved, Internet Access2007 so that it more closely connected. Access2007 is a small and medium-sized database management system, easy to use, powerful, and other databases have a good interface. Access2007 through powerful tool, users can facilitate the use and management of databases, such as the creation and editing of data tables, design and the use of various tools inquiries query operation, design and the use of windows, production and printing statements, the design and use of Acer, the design and use of such Web pages. May also be used in Visual Basic6.0A(Visual Basic6.0 for Application)Advanced Application Development procedures. Access2007 is a complete database application development tool, the user can design, modify, View a record of the basic data table; in the table data for various screen and query operation; design and use of Window to achieve data and operations; Data tables can design various print statements; design and use of Acer, a series of tables for specific operations. Access2007 with a strong operational guide, and to provide users with a rich database table basic template. Users only need a simple database operations can be established by using the basic form, Form and statements. In Access2007, can be set, to alter the basic correlation between the tables, thus achieving a number of related tables in the relationship between the inquiries. Access2007-The