船舶消防設(shè)備檢查保養(yǎng)規(guī)則與解析.docx

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除新證三副FFE培訓(xùn)教材1. Portable fire extinguishers IMO R esolution A.951(23), paragraph 9.1.1 (1) Portable fire extinguishers should be examined annually by a competent person; (A competent person may be taken as Chief Officer, Second Engineer or above); (2) Each portable fire extinguisher should be attached with a tag indicating that it has been examined; (3) CO2/ Halon(鹵化烴) Portable fire extinguishers should not be located in accommodation spaces; (4) Each powder or carbon dioxide extinguisher should have a capacity of at least 5kg, and each foam extinguisher a capacity of at least 9. (5) A portable extinguisher is one, which is designed to be carried and operated by hand, and which in working order has a total weight of not more that 23 kg(6) Marking of extinguishers Each extinguisher should be clearly marked with the following minimum information: .1 name of the manufacturer; .2 types of fire and rating for which the extinguisher is suitable; .3 type and quantity of extinguishing medium; .4 approval details; .5 instructions for use and recharge (it is recommended that operating instructions be given in pictorial form（圖片的形式）, in addition to explanatory text in language understood by the likely user); .6 year of manufacture; .7 temperature range which the extinguisher will operate satisfactorily; .8 test pressure.(7) Periodical inspections and maintenance .1 Extinguishers should be subject to periodical inspections in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and serviced at intervals not exceeding one year.2 At least one extinguisher of each type manufactured in the same year and kept on board a ship（定語）should be test discharged at five yearly intervals (as part of a fire drill). 五年之內(nèi)，同一船上的，同一年份制造的，每一種滅火器中至少要有一支應(yīng)該做釋放測試。.3 All extinguishers together with propellant cartridges should be hydraulically tested in accordance with the recognized standard（公認(rèn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)） or the manufacturers instruction at intervals not exceeding ten years. .4 Service and inspection should only be undertaken by, or under the supervision of a person with competence, based on the inspection guide in below tableANNUAL INSPECTIONSafety clip and indicating devicesCheck to see if the extinguisher may have been operated.Pressure indicating deviceWhere fitted, check to see that the pressure is within limits. Check that dust covers on pressure indicating devices and relief valves are in place.External examinationInspect for corrosion, dents or damage which may affect the safe operation of the extinguisher.WeightWeigh the extinguisher and check the mass compared to the fully charged extinguisher.Hose and nozzle Check that hoses and nozzles are clear and undamaged. Operating instructionsCheck that they are in placeand legible（清晰地）. INSPECTION AT RECHARGEAir passages （氣管）and operating mechanism（機械裝置）Prove clear passage by blowing. Check hose nozzle strainer（過濾器）, Check the operating and discharge control. Clean and lubricate as required.Operating mechanismCheck that the safety pin is removable and that the lever（控制桿） is undamagedGas cartridgeExamine for damage and corrosion. Weigh the cartridge to ascertain that it is within prescribed（規(guī)定的） limits.O-rings washers（環(huán)形墊圈） and hose diaphragms（膜片）Check O-rings and replace hose diaphragms if fitted.Water and foam bodiesInspect the interior（內(nèi)部）. Check for corrosion and lining（內(nèi)襯） deterioration. Check separate containers for leakage or damagePowder bodyExamine the body and check internally for corrosion and lining deterioration.INSPECTION AFTER RECHARGEWater and foamReplace the charge in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.Reassemble(重裝)Reassemble the extinguisher in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.Maintenance label Fill in entry(條目) on maintenance label, including full weight.Mounting of extinguishers Check the mounting bracket.ReportComplete a report on the state of maintenance of the extinguisher.(8) Records of inspections should be maintained. The records should show the date of inspection, the type of maintenance carried out and whether or not a pressure test was performed. (9)Extinguishers should be provided with a visual indication（直觀指示） of discharge. (10)Instructions for recharging extinguishers should be supplied by the manufacturer and be available for use on board. (11)Extinguishers are classified（分類） according to the type of extinguishing medium（滅火劑） they contain. At present the types of extinguishers and the uses for which they are recommended are as follows:Extinguishing mediumRecommended for use on fires involvingWaterWater with additives（添加劑）wood, paper, textiles（紡織品） and similar materialsFoamwood, paper, textiles and flammable liquidsDry powder/dry chemical (standard/classes B, C )flammable liquids, electrical equipment and flammable gasesDry powder/dry chemical (multiple or general purpose/classes A, B, C)wood, paper, textiles, flammable liquids, electrical equipment and flammable gasesDry powder/dry chemical (metal)combustible metalsCarbon dioxideflammable liquids and electrical equipmentWet chemical for class F or Kcooking grease, fats or oil fires（油類火災(zāi)）Clean agents2. Spare charges for portable fire extinguishersIMO MSC/Circ.847, paragraph 6.2For portable fire extinguishers of the same type, capable of being recharged on board, the spare charges should be provided as follows: (1) 100% for the first ten portable fire extinguishers and 50% for the remaining portable fire extinguishers but not more than 60; and (2) For portable fire extinguishers that cannot be recharged by the crew,additional portable fire extinguishers of the same quantity, type, capacity and number as determined in (1) above should be provided in lieu of spare charges. (3) Instructions for recharging should be carried on board. Partially emptied extinguishers should also be recharged.3. T esting for portable fire extinguishers IMO MSC/Circ.847, paragraph 6.5A- The extinguishers should be examined annually by a competent person. B- Each extinguisher should be provided with a sign indicating that it has been examined.C- Containers of permanently pressurized portable fire extinguishers and propellant bottles of non-pressurized portable fire extinguishers should be hydraulic pressure tested as follows by a competent service station recognized by a Recognized Organization:(1) Powder type portable fire extinguishers every 10 years; (2) CO2 type portable fire extinguishers every 10 years; (3) Other type portable fire extinguishers ever y 10 years; and (4) Containers of non-permanently pressurized portable fire extinguishers should be hydraulic pressure tested every 10 years.問：手提式滅火器容易發(fā)生的缺陷有哪些？答：目前船舶配備的手提式滅火器有干粉、泡沫、二氧化碳滅火器。容易發(fā)生的缺陷：未定期檢查；瓶體銹蝕嚴(yán)重；壓力表顯示無壓力；滅火器總重超規(guī)范（FSS規(guī)定，手提式滅火器總重應(yīng)不超過23KG）。船舶手提式滅火器配備不符合要求案例（一）2015年3月，某海事處對“X”輪實施安全檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)該輪起居處所配備的滅火器均為二氧化碳滅火器，不滿足04國內(nèi)航行海船法定檢驗技術(shù)規(guī)則(06修改通報) 第4篇船舶安全第2-2章構(gòu)造-防火、探火與滅火1.15.3（1）（在起居處所內(nèi)不應(yīng)布置二氧化碳滅火器。在控制站和其它內(nèi)設(shè)船舶安全所必要的電器或電子設(shè)備或裝置的其它處所，所配備滅火器的滅火劑應(yīng)既不導(dǎo)電也不會對設(shè)備和裝置產(chǎn)生危害）的要求。在“06修改通報”中明確國內(nèi)航行船舶2006年3月1日或以后安放龍骨的船舶應(yīng)符合上述要求。手提式滅火器配備現(xiàn)狀目前，國際航行船舶基本都按照國際海上人命安全公約（SOLAS）2000修正案-2章第10.3條要求配備了手提式滅火器，其起居處所基本沒有二氧化碳滅火器。國內(nèi)二程船舶無論是新船還是2006年3月1日之前安放龍骨的船舶，在日常檢查中起居處所二氧化碳滅火器也不常見。無論國際航行船舶還是國內(nèi)航行船舶，起居處所目前配備較多的是干粉滅火器或者水基滅火器。法規(guī)和公約要求海安會通函MSC.1/Circ.1275（2008年6月3日）關(guān)于SOLAS公約第-2章關(guān)于船上手提式滅火器的數(shù)量和布置的統(tǒng)一解釋和SOLAS公約第-2/10.3.2.3條規(guī)定：在起居處所內(nèi)不應(yīng)布置二氧化碳滅火器。在控制站和其它內(nèi)設(shè)船舶安全所必要的電器或電子設(shè)備或裝置的其它處所，所配備滅火器的滅火劑應(yīng)既不導(dǎo)電也不會對設(shè)備和裝置產(chǎn)生危害。同時，二氧化碳的配備應(yīng)符合國際消防安全系統(tǒng)規(guī)則（FSS規(guī)則）第4章關(guān)于船上手提式滅火器的數(shù)量和布置要求。對于國內(nèi)航行船舶，“海06修改通報“要求2006年3月1日或以后建造船舶船舶，起居處所不應(yīng)布置手提式二氧化碳滅火器。缺陷處理和糾正執(zhí)法人員要求船方于開航前配齊合格的手提式滅火器，并對負責(zé)消防設(shè)備的三副進行違法記分1分處理。問題思考與工作提示對于手提式滅火器的配備和日常維護保養(yǎng)檢查，雖然目前大多數(shù)船舶配備都比較規(guī)范，但是在日常現(xiàn)場檢查和安全檢查中，仍有不少問題值得大家去思考。現(xiàn)將本人思考的幾點小建議分享給大家，希望對大家以后的工作有所幫助。一、鑒于SOLAS公約和FSS規(guī)則關(guān)于禁止起居處所使用手提式二氧化碳滅火器，其出發(fā)點是考慮生活區(qū)尤其是客船如果發(fā)生火災(zāi)，在使用手提式二氧化碳滅火器滅火的同時，可能會對船員、乘客人身安全造成二次傷害。那么，我們在日常檢查中，可否建議國內(nèi)2006年3月1日以前安放龍骨的船舶將二氧化碳滅火器更換成其他等效的滅火器。另外，如果2006年3月1日之前安放龍骨的船舶，其配備的二氧化碳滅火器過期后，新配備的滅火器是按照06修改通報配備還是沿用未修訂的04規(guī)則進行配備？我個人傾向于前者，因為該項目的修改不會給船東帶來額外的費用，同時，我們也建議船檢機構(gòu)在年度檢驗時，將防火控制圖更新到符合新規(guī)范要求。二、船上手提式滅火器的維護保養(yǎng)檢查，可以參照IMOA.951(23)決議“船用手提式滅火器改進指南”、GB4351-2004手提式滅火器通用技術(shù)條件、ISO 7165:1999 滅火-手提式滅火器-性能和制造等規(guī)范的要求。在查看滅火器時，我們可以結(jié)合船舶防火控制圖以及滅火器的年檢進行進一步的比對，查看備份滅火劑，許多船更換滅火器過程中會產(chǎn)生船圖不一致。三、 在日常檢查中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有些船員除了在培訓(xùn)四小證時候偶爾使用過手提式滅火器，在船上服役多年卻從來沒有使用過，有的船員甚至已經(jīng)忘記了滅火器如何使用。尤其是二氧化碳滅火器，若使用不當(dāng)不但容易造成人員呼吸困難，還會造成人員手臂凍傷。另外，部分高級船員也不是很清楚各類滅火器所對應(yīng)的火災(zāi)種類，這需要我們一線的海事執(zhí)法人員在安全檢查和現(xiàn)場檢查中多進行此類的實操檢查，必要時通過演習(xí)等方式實地查看船員手提式滅火器的使用情況。四、 國內(nèi)航行船舶手提式滅火器的配備一般應(yīng)滿足以下要求：1、起居處所、服務(wù)處所和控制站內(nèi)應(yīng)配備型式合適和數(shù)量足夠的手提式滅火器。1000總噸及以上的船舶應(yīng)至少備有5具手提式滅火器；2、用于任何處所的手提式滅火器，其中應(yīng)有1具存放在該處所入口處附近；3、滅火器應(yīng)布置于易于看到并能在失火時迅速和容易到達的位置。滅火器的可用性應(yīng)不會受到天氣、震動或其他外部因素的影響。手提式滅火器應(yīng)配有表明其是否已經(jīng)被用過的標(biāo)志。附表1船上各類處所手提式滅火器的最低數(shù)量和布置處所的類型滅火器的最低數(shù)量配置滅火器適宜撲滅的失火類別起居處所公共處所每205甲板面積或不足，配1具滅火器A走廊每層甲板或每一主豎區(qū)內(nèi)，滅火器間的步行距離應(yīng)不超過25MA梯道0盥洗室、居住艙室、辦公室、無烹調(diào)設(shè)備的配膳室0醫(yī)務(wù)室1具A服務(wù)處所洗衣干燥間、設(shè)有烹調(diào)設(shè)備的配膳室1具A或B儲藏室和物料間（甲板面積大于等于4）、郵件和行李室、貴重物品室、工作間（不是機器處所、廚房的一部分）1具B廚房對設(shè)有深油炸鍋的廚房，1具能撲滅B級火的滅火器和1具附加的能撲滅F級或K級火的滅火器B,F或K儲藏室和物料間（面積小于4）0存放易燃液體的其他處所根據(jù)SOLAS公約第-2/10.6.3條控制站控制站（非駕駛室）1具A或C駕駛室2具，如果駕駛室小于50，僅要求1具滅火器A或CA 類機器處所推進裝置的集中控制站1具，當(dāng)主配電板布置在集中控制站時，再布置1具適合撲滅電器A和/或C主配電板附近2具C工作間1具A或B帶有燃油惰性氣體發(fā)生器、焚燒爐和廢物處理裝置的圍蔽處所2具B帶有燃油凈化器的單獨圍蔽艙室0周期性無人值班的A類機器處所每個入口處1具B其他處所構(gòu)成機器處所一部分的工作間和其他機器處所（輔機處所、電器設(shè)備處所、自動電話交換室、空調(diào)處所和其他類似處所）1具B或C露天甲板0B滾裝處所和車輛處所在每個甲板面，任何一點到達1具滅火器的步行距離不大于20mB貨物處所0B液貨泵艙2具B直升機甲板根據(jù)SOLAS公約第-2/18.5.1條B注：1 對于小處所，所要求的手提式滅火器可位于該處所外部且位于處所入口附近處。2對于服務(wù)處所，位于處所外部且位于處所入口附近處的對小處所要求的手提式滅火器，也可視為該服務(wù)處所要求配置的手提式滅火器之一。3如果駕駛室和海圖室相鄰并有直接通往海圖室的門，不要求海圖室中布置附加的滅火器。如客船的安全中心位于駕駛室限界面內(nèi)時，也同樣適用。4如果在露天甲板、開式滾裝處所和車輛處所以及貨物處所（適用時）載運危險貨物時，應(yīng)布置2具，每具容量不少于6公斤干粉或等效的手提式滅火器。在液貨船的露天甲板上，應(yīng)設(shè)有2具具有適當(dāng)容量的手提式滅火器。5如果開放或封閉的集裝箱內(nèi)裝載油箱內(nèi)備有自用燃料的機動車輛，集裝箱船的貨艙內(nèi)不需要設(shè)有手提式滅火器。附2：火災(zāi)分類滅火劑建議用于下列物質(zhì)引起的火災(zāi)水、水和添加劑木材、紙類、紡織品及類似固體材料泡沫木材、紙類、紡織品及易燃液體干粉/干化學(xué)品（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)B/C級）易燃液化、電氣設(shè)備、易燃氣體干粉/干粉化學(xué)（高倍/一般用途/A、B、C級）木材、紙類、紡織品、易燃液體、電氣設(shè)備和易燃氣體干粉/干粉化學(xué)(金屬)可燃金屬二氧化碳易燃液體和電器設(shè)備濕化學(xué)品（F級）烹調(diào)用油、油脂清潔氣體火災(zāi)種類：A級 固體材料引起的火災(zāi)、通常是有機材料。B級 可燃液體或液化固體引起的火災(zāi)。C級 氣體引起的火災(zāi)D級 可燃金屬如鎂、鈦、鋯、鈉、鋰和鉀引起的火災(zāi)。F級 烹調(diào)油和油脂引起的火災(zāi)。4. Maintenance and inspection of fixed carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system IMO MSC/Circ.1318, paragraph 6.1.2(1) MaintenanceandinspectionplanFixed carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems should be kept in good working order and readily available for immediate use. Maintenance and inspections should be carried out in accordance with the ships maintenance plan having due regard to ensuring the reliability of the system. The onboard maintenance plan should be included in the ships safety management system and should be based on the system manufacturers recommendations including:.1 maintenanceandinspectionproceduresandinstructions.2 requiredschedulesforperiodicmaintenanceandinspections.3 listingofrecommendedsparepartsand.4 recordsofinspectionsandmaintenance,includingcorrectiveactionstakento maintain thesysteminoperable condition.(2) Monthly inspections 2.1 At least every 30 days a general visual inspection should be made of the overall system condition for obvious signs of damage, and should include verification that: .1 all stop valves are in the closed position .2 all releasing controls are in the proper position and readily accessible(易接近的) for immediate use .3 all discharge piping and pneumatic tubing（輸氣管） is intact and has not been damaged .4 all high pressure cylinders are in place and properly secured and .5 the alarm devices are in place and do not appear damaged.2.2 Inaddition,onlowpressuresystemstheinspectionsshouldverifythat:.1thepressuregaugeisreadinginthenormalrange.2theliquidlevelindicatorisreadingwithintheproperlevel.3themanuallyoperatedstoragetankmainservicevalveissecuredinthe openpositionand.4thevaporsupplylinevalveissecuredintheopenposition.(3) Annualinsp ectionsThe following minimum level of maintenance and inspections should be carried out in accordance with the system manufacturers instructions and safety precautions:.1 the boundaries of the protected space should be visually inspected to confirm that no modifications have been made to the enclosure that have created un-closeable openings that would render the system ineffective;.2 all storage containers should be visually inspected for any signs of damage, rust. Cylinders that are leaking, corroded, dented or bulging should be hydrostatically retested or replaced;.3 the manifold should be inspected to verify that all flexible discharge hoses and fittings are properly tightened;.4 all entrance doors to the protected space should close properly and should have warning signs, which indicate that the space is protected by a fixed carbon dioxide system and that personnel should evacuate immediately if the alarms-sounded.5 Allremotereleasingcontrolsshouldbecheckedfor clear operating instructions and indication as to the space served.(4) Renewal survey* incargoships ,thefollowingmaintenanceshouldbecarriedout.1 all high pressure cylinders and pilot cylinders should be weighed or have their content verified by other reliable means to confirm that the available charge in each is above 90% of the nominal charge. Cylinders containing less than 90% of the nominal charge should be refilled. The liquid level of low pressure storage tanks should be checked to verify that the required amount of carbon dioxide to protect the largest hazard is available;.2 the hydrostatic test date of all storage containers should be checked. High pressure cylinders should be subjected to periodical tests at intervals not exceeding 10 years. At the 10 year inspection at least 10% of the total number provided should be subjected to an internal inspection and hydrostatic test. If one or more cylinders fail, a total of 50% of the onboard cylinders should be tested. If further cylinders fail, all cylinders should be tested. Flexible hoses should be replaced at the intervals recommended by the manufacturer and not exceeding every 10 years;.3 the discharge piping and nozzles should be tested to verify that they are not blocked. The test should be performed by isolating the discharge piping from the system and flowing dry air or nitrogen(氮氣)from test cylinders or suitable means through the piping. 5. Controls for f ixed carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system F SS Code, Chapter 5, paragraph 2.2.2Carbon dioxide systems shall comply with the following requirements: (1) Two separate controls shall be provided for releasing carbon dioxide into a protected space and to ensure the activation of the alarm. One control shall be used for opening the valve of the piping which conveys the gas into the protected space and a second control shall be used to discharge the gas from its storage containers; (2) Two controls shall be located inside a release box clearly identified for the particular space. If the box containing the controls is to be locked, a key to the box shall be in a break-glass-type enclosure conspicuously located adjacent to the box. 6. Foam fire-extinguishing systems IACS Recommendation No.53-2 IMO MSC/Circ.1312, MSC/Circ.670 and MSC/Circ.798Fixed foam extinguishing systems should be inspected every two years by a competent service station recognized by a Recognized Organization. Foam sample analysis shall be carried out after a period of 3 years after being supplied to the ship and thereafter every year at authorized service agent of manufacturers laboratory. A record of the age of the foam concentrates and of subsequent controls should be kept on board.7. Air cylinders f or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) (CABA)IMO MSC/Circ.850, 1432 IACS Recommendation No.88 SCBA cylinders should be hydraulic pressure tested at intervals not exceeding 5 years and the hydrostatic test date must be permanently marked on the bottles. Two spare charges suitable for use with the breathing apparatus should be provided for each SCBA. If cargo ship are equipped with suitably located means for fully recharging the air cylinders free from contamination, only one spare charge is required for each required SCBA.8. Air bottles for air supply in totally enclosed lifeboats IACS Recommendation No.88 Air bottles for air supply in totally enclosed lifeboats should be hydraulic pressure tested by a competent service station recognized by a recognized organization at intervals not exceeding 5 years and the hydrostatic test date must be permanently marked on the bottles.Periodical hydrostatic tests of air Cylinders of safety equipment9. Medical oxygen cylinders C ap. 295B, regulation 66 Hydrostatic pressure testing of cylinders shall be carried out by a competent service station recognized by a Recognized Organization at the intervals not exceeding 5 years and the hydrostatic test date must be permanently marked on the bottles.10. E mergency escape breathing device (EEBD) IACS Recommendation No.88 IMO MSC/Circ.1081, 1432At least two EEBDs and one spare EEBD should be provided in accommodation spaces. In machinery spaces for category A containing internal combustion machinery used for main propulsion, EEBDs should be positioned as follows: (1) One EEBD in the engine control room, if located within the machinery space. (2) One EEBD in workshop areas. If there is, however, a direct access to an escape way from the work