馬克思主義哲學(xué)原理詞匯.doc

馬克思主義哲學(xué)原理詞匯 馬克思主義政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Marxist political economics 馬克思主義政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的方法methods of Marxist political economics古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)classical economics空想社會(huì)主義utopian socialism勞動(dòng)過(guò)程labour process生產(chǎn)力 productivity生產(chǎn)關(guān)系 relations of production生產(chǎn)方式 mode of production勞動(dòng)對(duì)象 objects of labour勞動(dòng)資料means of labour體力勞動(dòng)manual labour 腦力勞動(dòng)mental labour 經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ) economic base上層建筑 super structure生產(chǎn) production交換 exchange 分配 distribution消費(fèi) consumption經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律economic law基本經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律basic economic law唯物辯證法 materialist dialectics科學(xué)抽象法 scientific abstraction歸納和演繹法induction and deduction 經(jīng)濟(jì)制度 economic system 簡(jiǎn)單協(xié)作simple cooperation工場(chǎng)手工業(yè)manufacture產(chǎn)業(yè)革命Industrial Revolution 機(jī)器大工業(yè)modern mechanical industry 資本主義工業(yè)化capitalist industrialization資本主義所有制capitalist ownership資產(chǎn)階級(jí)bourgeois 無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)proletariat經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制 economic mechanism 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)planned economy 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)market economy 自然經(jīng)濟(jì) natural economy商品經(jīng)濟(jì)commodity economy 原始社會(huì)primitive society 奴隸社會(huì)slave society 封建社會(huì)feudal society 資本主義社會(huì)capitalist society 社會(huì)主義社會(huì) socialist society 共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì) communist society 具體勞動(dòng)concrete labour 抽象勞動(dòng)abstract labour 價(jià)值量 amount of value 個(gè)別勞動(dòng)時(shí)間individual labour time 社會(huì)必要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)時(shí)間 socially necessary labour time 勞動(dòng)價(jià)值理論labour theory of value 供求規(guī)律law of the supply and demand 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)規(guī)律law of the competition 價(jià)格機(jī)制price mechanism 價(jià)值規(guī)律law of the value 通貨緊縮 deflation通貨膨脹inflation 紙幣流通規(guī)律law of the circulation of paper money 紙幣paper money貨幣流通規(guī)律law of the circulation of money 價(jià)值符號(hào)symbols of value 信用貨幣credit money 貨幣形式money form 一般等價(jià)物universal equivalent 相對(duì)價(jià)值形式relative form of value 一般價(jià)值形式universal form of value 等價(jià)形式equivalent form of value 總和的或擴(kuò)大的價(jià)值形式total or expanded form of value 簡(jiǎn)單的或偶然的價(jià)值形式elementary or accidental form of value 價(jià)值形式form of value社會(huì)勞動(dòng)social labour私人勞動(dòng)individual labour 勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率labour productivity 復(fù)雜勞動(dòng)complex labour簡(jiǎn)單勞動(dòng)simple labour 商品commodities 商品交換exchange of commodities 價(jià)值value交換價(jià)值exchange value 使用價(jià)值use value資本 capital資本總公式general formula for capital 商品流通 circulation of commodities 勞動(dòng)力 labour power 勞動(dòng)力的使用價(jià)值use value of the labour power 勞動(dòng)力價(jià)值 value of labour power 雇傭勞動(dòng)hired labour 雇傭勞動(dòng)制度hired labour system 勞動(dòng)過(guò)程labour process 價(jià)值形成過(guò)程 process of creating value 價(jià)值增殖過(guò)程process of producing surplus value 工作日working day必要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)necessary labour 剩余勞動(dòng)surplus labour 剩余價(jià)值 surplus value 不變資本constant capital 可變資本 variable capital 剩余價(jià)值率 rate of surplus value 計(jì)件工資piece wages 計(jì)時(shí)工資time wages 名義工資nominal wages 實(shí)際工資 real wages 絕對(duì)剩余價(jià)值absolute surplus value 相對(duì)剩余價(jià)值relative surplus value 超額剩余價(jià)值 extra surplus value 個(gè)別價(jià)值individual value社會(huì)價(jià)值social value 剝削 exploitation 資本主義簡(jiǎn)單再生產(chǎn)capitalist simple reproduction 資本主義擴(kuò)大再生產(chǎn)capitalist reproduction on extended scale 資本原始積累primitive accumulation of capital資本技術(shù)構(gòu)成technical composition of capital資本價(jià)值構(gòu)成value composition of capital 資本有機(jī)構(gòu)成 organic composition of capital 失業(yè)unemployment 相對(duì)過(guò)剩人口 relative surplus-population 絕對(duì)過(guò)剩人口 absolute surplus population 流動(dòng)的過(guò)剩人口 floating surplus population 潛在的過(guò)剩人口 latent surplus population 停滯的過(guò)剩人口stagnant surplus-population 資本集中centralization of capital 資本積聚concentration of capital 資本主義積累的歷史趨勢(shì)historical tendency of capitalist accumulation 資本主義積累的一般規(guī)律general law of capitalist accumulation 成本價(jià)格 cost price 利潤(rùn) profit 利潤(rùn)率 rate of profit 平均利潤(rùn) average profit 平均利潤(rùn)率 average rate of profit 產(chǎn)業(yè)利潤(rùn)industrial profit 商業(yè)資本commercial capital 商業(yè)利潤(rùn)commercial profit 借貸資本loan capital 利息interest職能資本家functional capitalist 銀行資本banking capital 銀行利潤(rùn)profit of bank 資本主義地租capitalist rent 級(jí)差地租 differential rent 絕對(duì)地租 absolute rent 超額利潤(rùn) extra profit 自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)資本主義 laisser-faire capitalism 壟斷資本主義 monopoly capitalism 圈地運(yùn)動(dòng) enclosure movement in England 生產(chǎn)集中centralization of production 壟斷monopoly 壟斷資本 monopoly capital 壟斷價(jià)格monopoly price 壟斷利潤(rùn)monopoly profit 壟斷組織monopolies 帝國(guó)主義imperialism 短期價(jià)格協(xié)定 temporary price agreement 辛迪加 syndicate 卡特爾cartel 托拉斯trust康采恩 konzern(concern) 國(guó)家壟斷資本主義 state monopoly capitalism 羅斯福新政Rossevelts New Deal 福利國(guó)家制度welfare state system 持股公司holding company 資本主義基本矛盾basic contradiction of capitalism 生產(chǎn)社會(huì)化socialization of production資本循環(huán) circuit of capital 資本周轉(zhuǎn)turnover of capital 產(chǎn)業(yè)資本industrial capital 產(chǎn)業(yè)資本家industrial capitalist 職能資本functional capital產(chǎn)業(yè)資本industrial capital 貨幣資本money capital 生產(chǎn)資本 productive capital 商品資本 commodity capital 流通過(guò)程process of circulation 資本周轉(zhuǎn)速度velocity of turnover of capital 資本周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間 time of turnover of capital 流通時(shí)間time of circulation 固定資本 fixed capital 流動(dòng)資本circulating capital 固定資本磨損 wear and tear of fixed capital 有形磨損(物質(zhì)磨損)visible damage 無(wú)形磨損(精神磨損) moral depreciation 折舊depreciation 預(yù)付資本advanced capital 年剩余價(jià)值率annual rate of surplus value 個(gè)別資本individual capital 社會(huì)資本 social capital 社會(huì)資本的再生產(chǎn)reproduction of the social capital 社會(huì)總產(chǎn)品 aggregate social product 生產(chǎn)資料 means of production 消費(fèi)資料 means of subsistence 經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)economic crisis 生產(chǎn)相對(duì)過(guò)剩 relative overproduction 危機(jī) crisis 蕭條Depression 停滯膨脹 stagflation 生產(chǎn)無(wú)政府狀態(tài)anarchy of capitalist production 資本主義再生產(chǎn)的周期性cyclical fluctuation of capitalist reproduction 固定資本更新 replacement of fixed capital 金融資本 financial capital 金融寡頭 financial oligarch 參與制system of holdings 需求管理demand management 財(cái)政政策public finance policy 稅收政策 tax policy財(cái)政支出 fiscal expenditure 財(cái)政收入 fiscal revenues “時(shí)延” time lag 自動(dòng)穩(wěn)定器built-in stabilizer 財(cái)政赤字 fiscal deficit 貨幣政策monetary policy 公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)業(yè)務(wù)open-market operations 法定準(zhǔn)備金率 legal reserve rate 再貼現(xiàn)利率rediscount-rate 政府債券 government bond 資本主義國(guó)有化capitalist nationalization 資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃化 planning in capitalist economy反壟斷法 antitrust law 馬克思主義經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)著作在中國(guó)的傳播 dissemination of Marxist economic works in China 新民主主義經(jīng)濟(jì) new_democratic economy 新民主主義革命 new_democratic revolution 新民主主義三大經(jīng)濟(jì)綱領(lǐng) three general economic programmes for the Chinese new_democracy 公營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì) public economy 中國(guó)土地改革 land reform in China 從資本主義向社會(huì)主義的過(guò)渡transition from capitalism to socialism 過(guò)渡時(shí)期多種經(jīng)濟(jì)成分 manifold economic sectors in the transition period 沒(méi)收官僚資本 confiscation of bureaucrat capital 穩(wěn)定物價(jià) stabilizing commodity prices 過(guò)渡時(shí)期總路線 general line for the transition period 中國(guó)的社會(huì)主義改造 socialist transformation in china 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的社會(huì)主義改造 socialist transformation of agriculture in China 農(nóng)業(yè)合作化 agricultural cooperation movement of China 農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)互助組 agricultural producers mutual aid team 農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社 agricultural producerscooperative 初級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社 elementary agricultural producerscooperative 高級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社 advanced agricultural producerscooperative 中國(guó)手工業(yè)的社會(huì)主義改造 socialist transformation of the handicraft in China 中國(guó)資本主義工商業(yè)的社會(huì)主義改造 socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce in China 贖買政策 policy of redemption 中國(guó)過(guò)渡時(shí)期國(guó)家資本主義 national capitalism of the transition period in China 公私合營(yíng) joint state-private ownership 中國(guó)的社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段 primary stage of socialism in China 社會(huì)主義社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度 economic system of socialist society 社會(huì)主義生產(chǎn)方式 socialist mode of production 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì) planned economy 社會(huì)主義基本經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律 basic economic law of socialism 按勞分配規(guī)律 law of distribution according to work 社會(huì)主義社會(huì)的生產(chǎn)資料所有制 owership of the means of production of socialist society 社會(huì)主義國(guó)家所有制 socialist state ownership 社會(huì)主義國(guó)營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì) socialist state operated economy 集體所有制 collective ownership 社會(huì)主義合作經(jīng)濟(jì) cooperative economy in socialist society 城鎮(zhèn)集體所有制經(jīng)濟(jì) collective economy in cities and towns 個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì) individual economy 私營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì) private sector of the economy 中外合營(yíng)企業(yè) Chinese-foreign joint ventures and co-operative enterprises 外商獨(dú)資企業(yè) exclusively foreign-owned enterprises 人民公社 peoples commune 社會(huì)主義社會(huì)的公共財(cái)產(chǎn) public property in socialist society 社會(huì)主義社會(huì)的個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn) individual property in socialist society 物質(zhì)鼓勵(lì)和精神鼓勵(lì)相結(jié)合 combination of material reward and moral encouragement 社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)socialist market economy計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì) planned economy市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)market economy公司corporation股票equity市場(chǎng)market金融市場(chǎng) financial market勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)labor market 市場(chǎng)失靈market failure國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 gross domestic product中央銀行central bank商業(yè)銀行 commercial bank充分就業(yè)full-employment經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)economy growth通貨膨脹inflation通貨膨脹率inflation rate通貨緊縮deflation社會(huì)保障social insurance社會(huì)福利social welfare失業(yè)保險(xiǎn) unemployment insurance最低工資minimum wage醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn) health insurance福利政策welfare policies絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)absolute advantage 比較優(yōu)勢(shì)comparative advantage 自然稟賦natural endowments 國(guó)際分工 international divide the work 垂直型國(guó)際分工vertical international divide the work 水平型國(guó)際分工 level international divide the work 自由貿(mào)易 free trade 進(jìn)口imports 出口 exports 進(jìn)口替代import substitution 貿(mào)易赤字 trade deficit 貿(mào)易集團(tuán)trading blocs 橫向一體化 horizontal integration 縱向一體化vertical integration 縱向合并 vertical merger 金融投資financial investments 金融體系 financial system 開(kāi)放經(jīng)濟(jì)open economy 封閉經(jīng)濟(jì)closed economy 資本流入 capital inflow 資本市場(chǎng) capital market 資本流出capital outflow 公司 corporation 債務(wù)debt 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家或工業(yè)化國(guó)家developed or industrialized countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家developing countries 新興工業(yè)化國(guó)家 newly industrialized countries, NICs 歐洲聯(lián)盟European Union 北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)North America Free Trade Area, NAFTA亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)進(jìn)入障礙barriers of entry 關(guān)稅壁壘tariff wall貿(mào)易壁壘trade barrier 非關(guān)稅壁壘non-tariff barriers 傾銷dumping 匯率 exchange rate 出口導(dǎo)向型增長(zhǎng) export-led growth 多邊貿(mào)易multilateral trade 保護(hù)主義protectionism 幼稚產(chǎn)業(yè)保護(hù)論infant industry argument for protection 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)intellectual property 共同基金mutual fund 國(guó)際貿(mào)易international trade 國(guó)際收支balance of payments 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化globalization of economy 貿(mào)易trade 金融finance 生產(chǎn)全球化 globalization of production 貿(mào)易全球化globalization of trade 資本全球化globalization of capital 金融全球化globalization of finance 資本輸出export of capital 商品輸出 export of