仁愛版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納.doc

實(shí)用文檔八年級(jí)英語（仁愛版）上冊(cè)語言點(diǎn)歸納Unit 1 Sports and GamesTopic 1 Are you going to play basketball ?一. 重點(diǎn)詞語:1. almost(反義詞)never 2.win(過去式)won(名詞)winner 3.ski(現(xiàn)在分詞)skiing 4.famous(比較級(jí))more famous5.arrive(同義詞)reach 6.leave(過去式)left 7.popular(最高級(jí))most popular 8.healthy(同義詞)fit(名詞)health(一) 詞組1. during the summer holidays 在暑假期間2. betweenand 在兩者之間3. cheer sb. on 為某人加油4. prefer doing sth. 更喜歡做某事5. quite a bit/a lot 很多6. plan to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某事7. have a skating club 舉辦滑雪俱樂部8. go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/騎車/爬山/遠(yuǎn)足9. arrive in/at 到達(dá)10. play against 與對(duì)抗/較量11. for long 很久12. leave for 動(dòng)身去13. the day after tomorrow 后天14. Chinas national team 中國(guó)國(guó)家隊(duì)15. play baseball 打棒球16. at least 至少17. What a shame! 多羞愧！18. be good at 善于做某事19. take part in 參加20. all over the world 全世界21. be good for 對(duì)有益22. a good way 一種好方法23. keep fit/healthy 保持健康24. relax oneself 放松某人自己二. 重點(diǎn)句型1. Whats your favorite sport? = What sport do you like best? 你最喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)是什么?2. Which sport do you prefer? = Which sport do you like better? 你更喜歡什么運(yùn)動(dòng)?I prefer skating. = I like skating better. 我更喜歡滑雪.3. Do you skate much? = Do you often skate? 你常滑雪嗎?4. She spends at least half an hour in the gym every day. 每天她至少花半小時(shí)在體育館.5. She plays baseball pretty well and she is also good at jumping. 她棒球打得相當(dāng)好而且擅長(zhǎng)于跳.6. What kind of sports do you like? = Which sport do you like? 你喜歡哪種運(yùn)動(dòng)?7. Would you like to come and cheer us on ? 你愿意來為我們加油嗎？8. What are you going to be when you grow up? 當(dāng)你長(zhǎng)大后做什么？9. There is going to be a school sports meet next month.下月有一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。三. 重點(diǎn)語言點(diǎn)1. see sb. do sth “看見某人做了某事” 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程,常與every day; often等連用.see sb. doing sth. “看見某人正在做某事” 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行.如: I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays.I often see him draw pictures near the river. 我常看見她在河邊畫畫.I saw her go across the street. 我看見她過了馬路I saw her going across the street. 我看見她正在過馬路. 類似的有watch,hear,feel 等這類感觀動(dòng)詞.2. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起”join + 組織 表示 “加入某個(gè)組織”take part in 表示 “參加/出席某個(gè)活動(dòng)”如: Will you join us? I will join the skiing club.She is planning to take part in the high jump.3. arrive in + 大地點(diǎn)arrive at + 小地點(diǎn)get to + 地點(diǎn) = reach + 地點(diǎn)如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.注意: reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home4. leave 離開leave for 動(dòng)身去/離開到如: They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他們要離開北京.They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他們要前往日本.5. a few “幾個(gè);一些” 修飾可數(shù)名詞a little “一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)” 修飾不數(shù)名詞如: There are a few eggs in the basket.There is a little water in the bottle.6. how long 表示“多久(時(shí)間)”; 提問時(shí)間段.how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提問時(shí)間的頻率.如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. How long will they stay in Beijing?He plays basketball twice a week. How often does he play basketball?7.be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅長(zhǎng)于(做)某事 如: She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.8.make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某種狀態(tài)keep sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某種狀態(tài)如: Playing soccer can make your body strong.Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.四. 重點(diǎn)語法 一般將來時(shí)：（一）be going to 結(jié)構(gòu): 表示主語進(jìn)行某一將來行動(dòng)的打算、意圖。這種打算常經(jīng)過預(yù)先考慮并含有自己做好某些準(zhǔn)備的意思，因此通常認(rèn)為用be going to表達(dá)的行動(dòng)很可能會(huì)見諸實(shí)踐。 如：Im going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.我打算本周日和同學(xué)們一起打籃球。She is going to buy a sweater for her mother. 她打算為她媽媽買一件毛衣。表預(yù)測(cè)。指根據(jù)跡象推測(cè)，而且馬上或很快就要發(fā)生。如：Look at those clouds. Its going to rain. 瞧那些烏云！快要下雨了?。ǘ?will + 動(dòng)詞原形：表示單純的將來事實(shí)，常與表將來的時(shí)間狀語如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year)等連用。will not = wont; 縮略形式為ll.表示作出立即的決定。這種意圖并未經(jīng)過事先的考慮或計(jì)劃，是臨時(shí)的一種決定。如：a. -Please put your things away, Tom. 湯姆，把你的東西收拾好。-Im sorry. Ill do it right away. 對(duì)不起。我馬上就去做。b. -Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡還是茶？-I will have a cup of tea,please. 我要一杯茶。c. Dont worry. Ill help you. 別擔(dān)心。我會(huì)幫你的。表示預(yù)測(cè)。指說話人對(duì)于將來的看法、假設(shè)和推測(cè)。如： Im sure our team will win next time. 我確信下次我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。Maybe she will go to the gym. 也許她會(huì)去體育館。表示許諾。如： Ill do better next time. 下次我會(huì)做得更好的。Ill visit you tomorrow. 明天我會(huì)去看你的。句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.否定句：I/She/He/They wont go to play baseball soon.一般疑問句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they wont.（三）動(dòng)詞plan, come, go, leave, fly等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的事.如： Im coming. 我就來。He is leaving for Shanghai. 他將到上海去。We are going to Beijing. 我們將去北京。Topic 2 Would you mind teaching me ?一、重點(diǎn)詞語:（一）詞形轉(zhuǎn)換：(1) adj. + ly adv.loud loudly soft softly quiet quietlyclear clearly angry angrily easy easily(2)過去式：fall fell break broke lose lost throw threw feel felt (3) 1.ill (同義詞)sick (名詞)illness 2.start(同義詞)begin 3.far(反義詞)near 4.smoke(現(xiàn)在分詞)smoking 5.careless(反義詞)careful 6.important(比較級(jí)) more important 7.Russia(公民)Russian 8.enjoy(現(xiàn)在分詞)enjoying 9.invent(名詞)invention; inventor 10.indoor(反義詞)outdoor 11.century(復(fù)數(shù))centuries 12.coach(復(fù)數(shù))coaches 13.feel (名詞)feeling 14.tiring(近義詞)tired(二) 詞組:1. have a soccer game 進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)足球賽2. fall ill 病倒了3. be a little far from 離有點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn) 4. right away = at once 立刻;馬上5. miss a good chance 錯(cuò)過一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)6. get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分7. shame on sb. 為某人感到羞恥8. do ones best 盡某人的力9. say sorry to sb. 對(duì)某人說抱歉10. be sure to do sth. 確定做某事11. be angry with 生某人的氣12. with ones help = with the help of sb. 在某人的幫助下13. serve food 上菜14. turn up/down 調(diào)高/低（音量）15. keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事16. in a minute 一分鐘后；馬上17. on the phone 在電話中18. take a seat 就坐19. never mind 不要緊20. a lot of traveling 一系列旅行21. love/enjoy doing sth. 喜愛/歡做某事22. have a very exciting life 過著非常興奮的生活23. as well 也24. throwinto 把投進(jìn)25. follow/obey the rules 遵守規(guī)則26. over a century later 一個(gè)多世紀(jì)后27. more and more people 越來越多的人28. feel tired 感到疲勞29. instead of 替代 30. ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事31. make a plan for sb. 為某人訂一份計(jì)劃32. build up 增進(jìn);增強(qiáng)33. have fun doing sth. 樂于做.做某事 34. be important to 對(duì)于某人來說是重要35. in a minute/ at once/ right away 立刻/馬上二.重點(diǎn)句型1. Could you please do me a favor? = Could you help me? = Could you give me a hand?你能幫我嗎？ 2. Would you mind teaching me? = Would you please teach me? 你教我好嗎？3. Would you mind not smoking here ? 你不要在這里抽煙好嗎？4. You are always so careless. 你總是這樣粗心大意.5. Im very sorry for what I said. 我為所說感到到道歉。6. We are sure to win next time 下次，我們一定回贏。7. Let me buy you a new one. = Let me buy a new one for you.讓我為你買一個(gè)新的。8. He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play it even in bad weather. 他為他的學(xué)生們發(fā)明了一項(xiàng)室內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)以便他們甚至在惡劣的天氣也能玩。9. And you can throw it with one hand or both hands.你能用一只手或兩只手投擲它。10. I have great fun running and I feel well and look fit 我總是快樂地跑步和我感到很好，看上去很健康。三. 重點(diǎn)語言點(diǎn)1. ill 與 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表語而既可作表語也可作定語.如: The man is ill/sick. 那個(gè)男人病了. (作表語)He is a sick man. 他是個(gè)病人. (作定語)2. Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好嗎?”如: Would you mind coming and checking it? 來修理它好嗎?Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在這兒吸煙好/介意嗎?3. one of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 表示 “其中之一”, 主語是one,表單數(shù).如: One of my teammates is strong and tall. 其中我的一個(gè)隊(duì)友又高又壯。One of my friends likes English 其中我的一個(gè)朋友喜歡英語。4. miss “錯(cuò)過,思念,遺失”如: I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我錯(cuò)過最后一班車.He missed his mother. 他想念他的母親. My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把鑰匙弄丟了.5. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “確定做某事”如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time.我們確信下次一定會(huì)贏。6. be sorry for “為某事抱歉”be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我為我所說的話感到抱歉.Im sorry I lost your book. = Im sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丟你的書。7tired adj. “（感到）疲憊的” , 主語是人 如: I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了.tiring adj. “令人疲勞的”, 主語是事物 如:This job is tiring. 這份工作令人疲憊.類似的有: excited 感到興奮的 exciting 令人興奮的 interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的8. 15-year-old “15歲的”15 years old “15歲” 如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.類似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles9. instead “替代;相反”, 一般單獨(dú)使用,放在句末,前面用逗號(hào)隔開.instead of“替代;而不,相反”如: I wont go to Shanghai. Ill go to Beijing, instead. 我不會(huì)去上海而會(huì)去北京.= Ill go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了許多牛奶而不是水.10. have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “從做.中獲得樂趣”如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我總能在跑步中得到很大樂趣。四、交際用語(一) 請(qǐng)求和回答RequestsResponsesCould you please do me a favor?Sure. What is it?Will you join us?Id be glad to.Would you mind teaching me?Not at all. Lets go and practice.（二）道歉和回答ApologiesResponsesIm sorry I didnt call you last night.Never mind. I guess you were busy last night.Im sorry Im late for class.Thats OK. Please take a seat.Im sorry I lost your book.It doesnt matter. That book isnt important to me.Im sorry I broke your pen.Dont worry. I have another pen.Topic 3 Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics.一、重點(diǎn)詞組:1. join the English club 加入英語俱樂部2. host the 2008 Olympics 舉辦2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)3. fill out 填出/好4. go on 發(fā)生；進(jìn)行5. all the interesting places 所有有趣的地方6. quite a lot 相當(dāng)多7. make friends with 與交朋友8. be afraid 恐怕9. be free 有空10. see you then 再見11. win the first gold medal 贏得第一枚金牌12. get 28 gold medals 獲得28枚金牌13. the winner of the first gold medal 第一枚金牌的獲勝者14. every four years 每四年;每隔三年15. the mascot for the Beijing Olympics 北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的吉祥物16. behave well 舉止得體17. improve the environment 改善環(huán)境18. plant trees and grass 種植花草樹木19. a symbol of 一種的象征20. stand for 代表21. the five parts of the world 世界的五大部分22. do morning exercises 做早操23. be fond of (doing) sth. 喜歡(做)某事二、重點(diǎn)句型1.Could you tell me your name? 你能告訴我你的名字嗎?= Whats your name?2.What do you do? = Whats your job? = What are you? 你是干什么的?3.Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics. 北京將主辦2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)4. More and more foreign friends ride in my taxi (= take my taxi) now. 現(xiàn)在越來越多的外國(guó)朋友搭我的出租車.5.Speaking English will help me a lot. 說英語將對(duì)我有很大幫助.6.Please fill it out. 請(qǐng)把它填好.7.What will the weather be like this weekend? = How will the weather be this weekend?本周末的天氣怎樣?8. There will be more roads in Beijing. 在北京將會(huì)有更多的馬路.9. When shall we meet? 我們什么時(shí)候見面？10.Lets make it half past six.咱們把時(shí)間定在六點(diǎn)半吧。三. 重點(diǎn)語言點(diǎn)1. fill out + 名詞 “填好”fill + 名詞/代詞+out如: Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 請(qǐng)?zhí)詈眠@張表格.Please fill it/them out. (當(dāng)賓語是代詞時(shí), 只能放中間) 請(qǐng)把它(們)填好.2. be afraid “恐怕” 指有禮貌地、委婉地拒絕別人.be afraid of “害怕(做)”如: Im afraid I wont be free. 我恐怕沒有空.He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗.They are afraid of losing the game. 他們害怕輸了比賽.3. may be “可能是” may是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + bemaybe “或許; 可能” maybe是副詞如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老師.He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字.4. between 在兩者之間among 在三者或三者當(dāng)中如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在A和B 之間.The winner is among of us. 獲勝者在我們當(dāng)中.5. There be 句型的一般將來時(shí)正:There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.= There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.誤:There will have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.= There is going to have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.四、交際用語提建議的句型:Would you like to go hiking with us? 你想和我們一起去遠(yuǎn)足嗎?What/How about going hiking with us? 和我們一起去遠(yuǎn)足怎么樣?Why dont you go hiking with us? 你為什么不和我們一起去遠(yuǎn)足呢?Why not go hiking with us? 為什么不和我們?yōu)槭裁床缓臀覀円黄鹑ミh(yuǎn)足呢?呢?Lets go hiking. 讓我們一起去遠(yuǎn)足吧!Would you mind going hiking with us? 你介意和我們一起去遠(yuǎn)足嗎?Would you please go hiking with us? 和我們一起去遠(yuǎn)足好嗎?八年級(jí)英語（仁愛版）上冊(cè)語言點(diǎn)歸納(Unit2)Keeping healthyTopic 1 How are you feeling today?一、重點(diǎn)短語1. have a cold/a toothache /a fever/a cough/a backache/a stomachache/a sore throat /the flu /sore eyes 感冒/牙疼/發(fā)燒/咳嗽/背疼胃疼/咽喉發(fā)炎/流感/眼疼2. take a rest=have a rest 休息3. not read for too long 不要看書太久4. boiled water 開水5. stay in bed 臥病在床，躺在床上6. have a good sleep 好好睡一覺7. feel terrible 感覺難受8. day and night 日日夜夜9. Youd better=You had better 你最好-10. not so well 很不好11. not too bad 沒什么大礙12. much better 好多了13. go to see a doctor 去看病14. take /have some medicine 吃藥15. take-to- 把-帶到-16. send-to- 把-送到-17. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶18. lie down 躺下19. look after=take care of 照看，照顧20. brush teeth 刷牙21. have an accident 發(fā)生一次意外/事故22. dont worry 別擔(dān)心23. worry about 擔(dān)心-24. nothing serious 沒什么嚴(yán)重，沒什么大礙25. check over 診斷，仔細(xì)檢查26. thank you for- 因-而感謝你27. buy-for- 為-買-28. not-until- 直到-才-29. ice cream 冰淇淋30. both-and- -和-都是-31. take some cold pills 吃感冒藥32. plenty of 許多，大量二、重點(diǎn)句型1. Whats wrong with you/him/her?你/他/她怎么了？同一句：Whats the matter with-?Whats the trouble with-?2.You should see a dentist.你應(yīng)該去看牙醫(yī)。這是一種表達(dá)建議的句子。還可以用以下句式： youd better(not)-how /what about-why not/dont you -3.Im sorry to hear that.聽到這個(gè)消息我很難過。這是表示同情別人的句子。4.You look pale.你看起來很蒼白。（1）在英語中表示氣色不好，蒼白，不用whit，而用pale （2）“l(fā)ook ”在這里譯作“看起來”，作連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞。如：You look beautiful。你看起來很漂亮。與look用法相同的連系動(dòng)詞還有 tast ，sound ，smell ，feel 。如：The soup tastes very delicious .這湯嘗起來真香。Your voice sound nice.你的聲音聽起來很動(dòng)人。The flowers smell sweet .這些花聞起來很香。The silk feels smooth 絲綢摸起來很光滑。5.-Shall I take you to the hospital?我送你去醫(yī)院吧？-No,thank you.不用，謝謝。Shall I do-需要我做-嗎？take sb to-把某人送到某地6. Ill take some medicine and see how it goes. 我打算先吃藥看看情況再說?！癵oes”在這里指事情的進(jìn)展?！癷t ”用來代指病情。如：How is everything going?一切進(jìn)展如何？Everything is going well.一切進(jìn)展順利。7.Youd better drink hot tea with honey.你最好喝加蜂蜜的熱茶。tea with honey 加了蜂蜜的茶，with表示一種伴隨狀態(tài)。類似的表達(dá)還有：some coffee with sugar and milk加了牛奶和糖的咖啡some tea without sugar不加糖的茶8.Michael had an accident yesterday.昨天邁克發(fā)生了事故。had an accident發(fā)生了事故9.But my left leg still hurts when I move it.可是當(dāng)我挪動(dòng)腳時(shí)，還是有點(diǎn)兒疼。句中“hurt”譯為“疼痛”，作不及物動(dòng)詞。后不可接賓語。如：my head hurts.10.Your X-rays show its nothing serious.你的X光照片顯示沒什么嚴(yán)重的問題。nothing serious 沒什么嚴(yán)重的。nothing ，something ，anything等不定代詞，被形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞位于其后。如：I have something important to say.我有一些重要的事情要說。11.Stay in bed and dont move your leg too much.躺在床上，不要總是挪動(dòng)你的腿。12.Michaels friends bought some chocolate for him .邁克的朋友給他買餓一些巧克力。buy sth for sb.雙賓語的運(yùn)用。使用雙賓語時(shí)，在人賓前需要使用介詞，有時(shí)用“to”有時(shí)用“for ”，這與動(dòng)詞本身有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)詞的方向，多用“to”，表示動(dòng)詞的目的，多用“ for ”give sth to sb. pass sth to sb.bring sth to sb. take sth to sb.cook sth for sb. buy sth for to sb .13.-but I couldnt read them until today.但是直到今天我才讀了它們。not -until直到-才-until 在肯定句動(dòng)詞一般用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，在否定句中動(dòng)詞一般為短暫性動(dòng)詞。如：He will wait for his father until ten oclock.他將等他父親一直到10點(diǎn)鐘。He wont leave until his father comes.他直到他父親回來才離開。三、語法學(xué)習(xí)1、 had better 的形式和用法1） 固定短語had better具有情態(tài)意義，也可以看作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。譯為“最好”，它只有一種形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后常跟動(dòng)詞原形，是給人提出建議的一種方式。如： You had better go to see the doctor你最好去看醫(yī)生。Youd better eat a lot of fruit and drink plenty of water.你最好多吃水果，多喝水。2）Had better的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為 had better not。如：Youd better not eat hot food你最好別吃辛辣的食物。Youd better not work today.你今天最好別工作。2、 shall的用法1） 作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，英式英語中表示將來，可與第一人稱連用，但在口語中所有人稱都用will。如：this time next week Ishall/will be in New York.下周這個(gè)時(shí)候我就在紐約了。拄：美語則不管什么人稱，一律用will。2）作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)表征詢意見，用于第一人稱的疑問句中。如：Shall Itake you to the hospital?要不要我?guī)闳メt(yī)院？What shall we do this weekend?這個(gè)周末我們要作什么呢？Topic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking一、重點(diǎn)短語1. stay up late熬夜2. be bad for對(duì)-有害3. be good for對(duì)-有益4. too much太多，過分5. do morning exercises做早操6. keep long fingernails長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)指甲7. play sports right進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)捏w育鍛煉8. go to school without breakfast不吃早餐去上學(xué)9. have a bath洗澡10. take a fresh breath呼吸新鮮空氣11. read -about-讀關(guān)于-12. Renai English Post仁愛英語報(bào)13. ask sb to do叫某人做某事14. give up放棄15. read in the sun在太陽底下看書16. throw litter about亂扔垃圾17. on the lawn在草坪上18. put-into-把-放進(jìn)-19. exercise on an empty stomach空腹鍛煉20. get into進(jìn)入21. keep the air clean and fresh保持空氣清新22. wash hands before meals飯前洗手23. potato chips炸薯?xiàng)l二、重點(diǎn)句型1. Staying up late is bad for your health.熬夜有害健康。1） stay up late熬夜2） be bad for對(duì)-有害。類似的短語還有： be good for