高中英語被動語態(tài)總結(jié)

智思安教育 欒翔宇專用 高二 1 高中英語被動語態(tài)總結(jié)高中英語被動語態(tài)總結(jié) 一 需要使用被動語態(tài)的情況一 需要使用被動語態(tài)的情況 在以下情況常需要使用被動語態(tài) 1 講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者 這時可省 by 短語 My bike was stolen last night 2 借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer 3 為了更好地安排句子 The well known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people 一個主語 就夠了 二 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式二 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式 1 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化 被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式 被動語態(tài)由 be 過去分詞構(gòu)成 be 隨時態(tài)的變化 而變化 以 do 為例 各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為 1 am is are done 過去分詞 一般現(xiàn)在時 2 has have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時 3 am is are being done 現(xiàn)在進行時 4 was were done 一般過去時 5 had been done 過去完成時 6 was were being done 過去進行時 7 shall will be done 一般將來時 8 should would be done 過去將來時 9 shall will have been done 將來完成時 少用 10 should would have been done 過去將來完成時 少用 2 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式 1 帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu) 情態(tài)動詞 be 過去分詞 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby sitter 2 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語 在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時 可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z 另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面 通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語 His mother gave him a present for his birthday 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday 3 當 動詞 賓語 賓語補足語 結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時 將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語 其余 不動 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette 可改為 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette 4 在使役動詞 have make get 以及感官動詞 see watch notice hear feel observe 等后面不定 式作賓語補語時 在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式 to 要省略 但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時 要加 to Someone saw a stranger walk into the building 可改為 A stranger was seen to walk into the building 5 有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組 如 動詞 介詞 動詞 副詞 等 也可以用于被動結(jié) 構(gòu) 但要把它們看作一個整體 不能分開 其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略 The meeting is to be put off till Friday 智思安教育 欒翔宇專用 高二 2 3 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 1 不定式一般式的被動語態(tài) 由 to be 過去分詞 構(gòu)成 如 She asked to be given some work to do 她要求給她一些工作做 He was the last person to be asked to speak 他是最后被邀請發(fā)言的人 2 不定式完成式的被動語態(tài) 由 to have been 過去分詞 構(gòu)成 如 I should like to have been told the result earlier 我本想讓人把結(jié)果早點告訴我的 3 現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動語態(tài) 由 being 過去分詞 構(gòu)成 如 I saw him being taken away 我看見有人把他帶走了 Being protected by a wall he felt quite safe 有墻作保護 他感到很安全 4 現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動語態(tài) 由 having been 過去分詞 構(gòu)成 如 Having been invited to spea I ll start making preparations tomorrow 因為邀請我去講話 我明天就得做準備 The subject having been opened he had to go on with it 話題已經(jīng)開始了 他不得不談下去 5 動名詞一般式的被動語態(tài) 由 being 過去分詞 構(gòu)成 如 He hates being made a fool of 他討厭被別人愚弄 This question is far from being settled 這個問題遠沒解決 6 動名詞完成式的被動語態(tài) 由 having been 過去分詞 構(gòu)成 如 Jenny s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret 杰妮沒受過舞蹈的專業(yè)訓練是她感到遺憾的事 After having been instructed to drive out of town I began to acquire confidence 在接到把 車開出城的指令后 我開始信心十足了 注 過去分詞沒有被動式 因為它本身可以表示被動意義 如 The door remained locked 門仍然鎖著 三 三 It is said that 從句及其他類似句型從句及其他類似句型 一些表示 認為 或 相信 等的動詞如 believe consider expect report say suppose think 等可以用于句型 It be 過去分詞 過去分詞 that 從從句 或 主語 主語 be 過去分詞 過去分詞 to do sth It is said that 據(jù)說 It is reported that 據(jù)報道 It is believed that 大家相信 It is hoped that 大家希望 It is well known that 眾所周知 It is thought that 大家認為 It is suggested that 據(jù)建議 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam The boy is said to have passed the national exam 四 謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義四 謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義 1 英語中有很多動詞如 break catch clean drive lock open sell read write wash 等 當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時 常用其主動形式表達被動意義 主語通常是物 This kind of cloth washes well 注意 主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征 而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響 試比較 The door won t lock 指門本身有毛病 智思安教育 欒翔宇專用 高二 3 The door won t be locked 指不會有人來鎖門 指 門沒有鎖 是人的原因 2 表示 發(fā)生 進行 的不及物動詞和短語 如 happen last take place break out come out come about come true run out give out turn out 等以主動形式表示被動意義 How do the newspapers come out 這些報紙是如何印出來的呢 3 系動詞沒有被動形式 但有些表示感受 感官的連系動詞 feel sound taste book feel 等在 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義 Your reason sounds reasonable 五 非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義五 非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義 在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 1 在 need want require bear 等詞的后面 動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義 其含義相當 于動詞不定式的被動形式 The house needs repairing to be repaired 這房子需要修理 2 形容詞 worth 后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義 但不能跟動詞不定式 而 worthy 后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式 The picture book is well worth reading The picture book is very worthy to be read 3 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語 不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時 又和句中另一名詞或 代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon to do 與 things 是動賓關(guān)系 與 I 是主謂關(guān)系 試比較 I ll go to the post office Do you have a letter to be posted 此處用不定式的被動 語態(tài)作定語表明 you 不是 post 動作的執(zhí)行者 4 在某些 形容詞 不定式 做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中 句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定 式的邏輯賓語時 這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義 這些形容詞有 nice easy fit hard difficult important impossible pleasant interesting 等 This problem is difficult to work out 可看作 to work out 省略了 for me 5 在 too to 結(jié)構(gòu)中 不定式前面可加邏輯主語 所以應用主動形式表示被動意義 This book is too expensive for me to buy 6 在 there be 句型中 當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時 不定式用主動式作定語 重點在 人 用被動形式作定語 重點在物 There is no time to lose to be lost 用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose 用 to be lost 誰 lost time 不明確 7 在 be to do 結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應用主動表主動 被動表被動 然而 由于古英語的影 響 下列動詞 rent blame let 等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義 Who is to blame for starting the fire 六 介詞六 介詞 in on under 等等 名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義 表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用 含被動之義 其意義相當于該名詞相應動詞 的被動形式 名詞前一般不用冠詞 1 under 名詞 結(jié)構(gòu) 表示 某事在進行中 如 under control 受控制 under treatment 在治療中 under repair 在修理中 under discussion 在討論中 under construction 在施工中 The building is under construction is being constructed 智思安教育 欒翔宇專用 高二 4 2 beyond 名詞 結(jié)構(gòu) 出乎 勝過 范圍 限度 beyond belief 令人難以置信 beyond one s reach 鞭長莫及 beyond one s control 無法 控制 beyond one s hope 比預期的還要好 The rumour is beyond belief can t be believed 3 above 名詞 結(jié)構(gòu) 表示 品質(zhì) 行為 能力等 超過 高于 His honest character is above all praise His honest character cannot be praised enough 4 for 名詞 結(jié)構(gòu) 表示 適于 為著 如 for sale 出售 for rent 出租 等 That house is for sale That house is to be sold 5 in 名詞 結(jié)構(gòu) 表示 在 過程中或范圍內(nèi) 如 in print 在印刷中 in sight 在視野范圍內(nèi) 等 6 on 名詞 結(jié)構(gòu) 表示 在從事 中 常見的有 on sale 出售 on show 展出 on trial 受審 Today some treasures are on show in the museum are being showed 7 out of 名詞 結(jié)構(gòu) 表示 超出 之外 常見的有 out of control 控制不了 out of sight 超出視線之外 out of one s reach 夠不著 out of fashion 不流行 等 The plane was out of control can t be controlled 8 within 名詞 結(jié)構(gòu) 在 內(nèi) 不超過 He took two days off within the teacher s permission 七 被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別七 被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 當 be 過去分詞 作被動語態(tài)時表示主語承受的動作 作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時表示主語的特點或 所處的狀態(tài)時 be 后面的過去分詞是表語 相當于形容詞 其區(qū)分辦法如下 1 如果強調(diào)動作或句中有介詞 by 引導出動作的執(zhí)行者 該句一般為被動語態(tài) 否則為系表 結(jié)構(gòu) The glass is broken 系表結(jié)構(gòu) The glass was broken by the boy 被動語態(tài) 2 如果句中有地點 頻率或時間狀語時 一般為被動語態(tài) The door is locked 系表結(jié)構(gòu) The door has already just been locked 被動語態(tài) 3 被動語態(tài)除用于一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)外 還可以用于其他各種時態(tài) 而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系 動詞 be 只有一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài) The machine is being repaired 八 被動語態(tài)與高考試題賞析八 被動語態(tài)與高考試題賞析 1 高考對謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查例析高考對謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查例析 1 In some parts of the world tea with milk and sugar A is serving B is served C serves D served 2 This is Ted s phone We miss him a lot He while trying to save a child in the earthquake A killed B is killed C was killed D was killing 3 Have you moved into the new house Not yet the rooms A are being painted B are painting C are painted D are being painting 4 When and where to go for the on salary holiday yet 智思安教育 欒翔宇專用 高二 5 A are not decided B have not been decided C is not being decided D has not been decided 5 The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four fifths of the tickets A was booked B had been booked C were booked D have been booked 2 高考對非謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查 高考對非謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查 當非謂語動詞的邏輯主語為動作的承受者時 須用被動式 弄清非謂語動詞與其邏輯主 語之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語動詞語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵 1 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple but it remains whether they will enjoy it A to see B to be seen C seeing D seen 2 While shopping people sometimes can t help into buying something they don t really need A to persuaded B persuading C being persuaded D be persuaded 3 I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child A is to blame B is going to blame C is to be blamed D should blame 答案與解析 1 高考對謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查例析 1 B 因為 serve 是及物動詞 其動作承受者 tea 作主語 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況 故用一般現(xiàn) 在時的被動語態(tài) 2 C Ted 是 kill 的承受者 用被動語態(tài) 且 Ted 救人發(fā)生在過去 所以用一般過去時的被動 語態(tài) 3 A house 和 paint 應該是被動的關(guān)系 排除 B D 后者未搬進新居的原因是房子正在油 漆 所以要用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài) 不能用一般現(xiàn)在時表示習慣性動作 排除 C 4 D decide 是及物動詞 動作的發(fā)出者通常是人 句中的主語是動作的承受者 所以 decide 要用被動語態(tài) 從題干的語境和關(guān)鍵詞 yet 可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時 不定式做主語用單數(shù) 故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài) 5 B 句中 tickets 是 book 訂票 的承受者 主謂為被動關(guān)系 又因票已被訂出應發(fā)生在 entered the office 這個過去動作之前 所以要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài) 2 高考對非謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查 1 B 根據(jù)題意 那對老夫婦是否到國外旅行是將來的動作 應使用不定式 故排除掉 C D 兩項 又因 remains 的邏輯主語 it 是動詞 see 說表示動作的承受者 即 到國外旅行 這件事 這件事有待于 被決定 應使用動詞不定式的被動形式 2 C can t help doing 禁不住做某事 排除 A 和 D 顧客應是 被勸說 購物的 要用動名詞 的被動語態(tài) 3 A feel 的賓語從句為強調(diào)句型 在 be to do 結(jié)構(gòu)中 在某些場合可用不定式的主動語態(tài)表 示被動語態(tài) 如 be to blame 九 被動語態(tài)鞏固練習九 被動語態(tài)鞏固練習 一 一 選擇正確的選項 使句意通順完整 選擇正確的選項 使句意通順完整 1 If city noises from increasing people shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept will have to B are not kept have 智思安教育 欒翔宇專用 高二 6 C do not keep will have to D do not keep have to 2 The fifth generation computers with artificial intelligence are and perfected now A developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed 3 the sports meet might be put off Yes it all depends on the weather A I ve been told B I ve told C I m told D I told 4 I need one more stamp before my collection A has completed B completes C has been completed D is completed 5 Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut 6 The new suspension bridge by the end of last month A has been designed B had been designed C was designed D would be designed 7 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if it A breaks B has broken C was broken D had been broken 8 Great changes in the city and a lot of factories A have been taken place have been set up B have taken place have been set up C have taken place have set up D were taken place were set up 9 That suit over 60 dollars A had costed B costed C is cost D cost 10 Look Everything here is under construction What s the pretty small house that for A is being built B has been built C is built D is building 11 Do you like the material Yes it very soft A is feeling B felt C feels D is felt 12 It is difficult for a foreigner Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13 I have no more letters thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed 14 Take care Don t drop the ink on your shirt for it easily A won t wash out B won t be washed out C isn t washed out D isn t washing out 15 Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to A be put up B give in C be turned on D go out 16 The computers on the table Professor Smith A belongs B are belonged to C belongs to D belong to 17 What do you think of the book Oh excellent It s worth a second time A to read B to be read C reading D being read 18 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed A catching B to be caught C being caught D to catch 智思安教育 欒翔宇專用 高二 7 19 This page needed again A being checked B checked C to check D to be checked 20 many times the boy still didn t know how to do the exercises A Having taught B Having been taught C taught D Teaching 二二 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確形式填空 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確形式填空 1 It s said 據(jù)說 that the long bridge build in two months 2 Where to have the meeting discuss now 3 Which language the most widely speak in the world 4 The lost boy not find so far 5 Last year a large number of trees cut down 6 The students often tell to take care of their desks and chairs 7 The old man is ill He must send to the hospital 8 Vegetables eggs and fruits sell in this shop 9 What knives make of They make of metal 金屬 and wood 10 Can the magazine take out of the library 11 The room clean by me every day 12 The stars can t see in the daytime 1