【精品】考博英語(yǔ)范文35篇VIP

精品精品 考博英語(yǔ)范文考博英語(yǔ)范文3535篇篇 考博英語(yǔ)范文35篇博士生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試協(xié)作部分試題說(shuō)明根據(jù)教育 部1992年頒布的 研究生英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱 以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)大綱 大綱 的要求 非英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)博士研究生英語(yǔ)入學(xué)水平原則上應(yīng)達(dá)到或高于 碩士生的通過(guò)水平 大綱 中對(duì)碩士生的寫(xiě)作要求是 掌握基本寫(xiě)作技能 如文章結(jié) 構(gòu) 段落展開(kāi)和起承轉(zhuǎn)合等 能按具體要求 在一小時(shí)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出250 詞左右的短文 正確表達(dá)思想 語(yǔ)意連貫 無(wú)重大語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤 第一部分寫(xiě)作文的要求 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及考試中普遍存在的問(wèn)題一考試 要求1 文章內(nèi)容切題 審題準(zhǔn)確 不跑題 2 表達(dá)清楚 語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔 準(zhǔn)確 說(shuō)理清楚 讀者能從作文內(nèi)容清楚理解作者寫(xiě)作意 圖 3 意義連貫 文字連貫 層次分明 意義表達(dá)完整 要使文章意義連貫必須具有一定的技能 包括較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)感 遣詞造 句能力和文章謀篇布局的組織能力 4 語(yǔ)言規(guī)范 符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)的習(xí)慣 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤較少 語(yǔ)言基本功扎實(shí) 最終避免 中式英語(yǔ) 二作文的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及樣卷介紹14分 內(nèi)容符合要求 包括了標(biāo)題或提 綱中的全部?jī)?nèi)容 語(yǔ)言流暢 層次分明 句式有變化 詞匯豐富 句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞準(zhǔn)確 文章長(zhǎng)度符合要11分內(nèi)容符合要求 包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中的全部?jī)?nèi)容 文字連貫 句式有一定變化 句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無(wú)重大錯(cuò)誤 文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求 8分內(nèi)容符合要求 包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中多數(shù)內(nèi)容 基本清楚表達(dá)的 主題的內(nèi)涵 句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞有少量錯(cuò)誤 個(gè)別是大錯(cuò) 文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求 5分內(nèi)容基本切題 基本表達(dá)了標(biāo)題或提綱中的內(nèi)容 文字連貫 語(yǔ) 言可以理解 但有較多的結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯(cuò)誤 且大錯(cuò)較多 文章長(zhǎng)度基本符合要求 2分基本切題 但語(yǔ)句支離破碎 只有少數(shù)句子可以理解 0分文不切題 只將預(yù)先背誦的某篇文章默寫(xiě)下來(lái) 或語(yǔ)句混亂 無(wú)法理解 附14分樣卷Topic Withher entryinto WTO China isbeing plungedinto aninternational petitionfor talents and inparticular for higher level talents To facethis newchallenge China mustdo something among otherthings to reformher graduate postgraduate education system State youropinion aobutthis reform and givethe solidsupporting detailsto yourviewpoint With China s entryinto WTO she isfacing a lot ofchances andchallenges in many aspects As faras talents are concerned China isbeing plungedinto aninternational petitionfor talents especially forhigher level talents In order to adaptthis newchallenge China mustdo something among otherthings to reformher graduate education system In myopinion we mustmake somereform and adjustment ingraduate education system inmany aspectsas follows First of all from theview of the government it mustadjust itspolicy ofusing talents especially higher level talents For example it mayprovide manyprivileges for them Secondly for theviewpoint of the universities they shouldadjust theirconstructure ofcurriculum They should pay more attention to the cultivationof graduate s capability They shouldtake effectivemeasures todirect theireducational goalfrom exam oriented educationto educationfor all round development Finally as faras personnelis concerned a studentshouldpaymore attentionto thelearning ofall kinds of knowledgeto meet the needsof society In a word it ishigh timethat wereformed the graduateeducation system If we do notmake somechanges in thegraduateeducationsystem we may be failurein theinternational petition So wemust reformour graduateeducationsystem 219words 點(diǎn)評(píng)該文緊扣主題 結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán) 謹(jǐn) 內(nèi)容充實(shí) 語(yǔ)言流暢 句式變化多樣 雖有個(gè)別小錯(cuò) 但英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力較強(qiáng) 長(zhǎng)度符合要求 萬(wàn)能框架As isimplied in the table or cartoon and wellknown to all ofus Take in thetable cartoon for example it s for the to But when On theother hand there doexist some that They aremaking all possible meansto and tryingtheir bestto Compared withwhat those It sapity that And what s more with thedeepening andfurthering of our country s openingand reforming more are allowedto With Chinaentering theWTO are alsopermitted to If stillblind tothis the is sureto So it s urgentand essentialfor to analyze more rationallyand macroscopically It mustkeep inmind that should neverbe unheard Although thecondition isunsatisfactory now with theawareness of the in thetable or cartoon and all the societyefforts improvement and an evenbrighter futureare not only possiblebut alsoinevitable 三歷年考試中存在的典型問(wèn)題分析1 不會(huì)審題 偏離主題 2 漢語(yǔ)思維 逐字翻譯 常見(jiàn)考生用漢語(yǔ)構(gòu)思文章 同時(shí)將漢語(yǔ)句子硬譯成英語(yǔ) 3 用詞搭配不當(dāng) 4 詞匯量小 表達(dá)困難 拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤 5 句法邏輯關(guān)系混亂 例如Our English class often told stories 正確的應(yīng)是 Stories areoftentoldon ourEnglishclass 6 不會(huì)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞轉(zhuǎn)承上下句和段落 關(guān)聯(lián)詞即過(guò)渡詞 使用過(guò)渡詞 可使上下句子和段落合理銜接 承 上啟下 使表達(dá)合乎邏輯 常見(jiàn)過(guò)渡詞如as faras however well though in spiteof 7 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤 主要表現(xiàn)為 1 分不清及物與不及物動(dòng)詞 例如rise raise hear listen 2 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的誤用 例如 interesting和interested 3 詞類(lèi)混淆 將動(dòng)詞或形容詞誤用作名詞 將名詞或動(dòng)詞誤用作形 容詞 例如 benefit和beneficial difficult和difficulty pleasur e和pleased等 4 混淆可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 例如help practice等 5 冠詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 介詞 代詞等方面的錯(cuò)誤 例如a Englishbook should did must done等 四 如何寫(xiě)出漂亮的文章文章要內(nèi)容切題 表達(dá)清楚 意思連貫 語(yǔ)言比較規(guī)范 這就要求考生在寫(xiě)作時(shí) 把握如下方面1 統(tǒng)一性 Unity 內(nèi)容切 題 實(shí)際上就是要求文章統(tǒng)一性 所謂統(tǒng)一性 就是指短文必須圍繞著主題擴(kuò)展 不能多中心 統(tǒng)一性表現(xiàn)在句子 段落和篇章三個(gè)層次上 我們寫(xiě)漢語(yǔ)文章的要求是首先不能跑題 實(shí)際上就是對(duì)統(tǒng)一性的要 求 2 連貫性 Coherence 指句子與句子之間 段落與段落之間的銜接 要自然通暢 主要體現(xiàn)在文章的邏輯發(fā)展順序和過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用上 1 邏輯順序按照時(shí)間先后 或空間位置的相互關(guān)系 我們可以寫(xiě)出 眉目清晰 符合邏輯的段落或文章 敘述文體多采用時(shí)間順序 描寫(xiě)文體中空間順序更常見(jiàn) 高潮形成系指按照其重要性或嚴(yán)重性安排各個(gè)發(fā)展點(diǎn) 指段落 或 發(fā)展段 指文章 的順序 這種語(yǔ)篇發(fā)展方法在描寫(xiě) 敘述 說(shuō)明 和議論文中均常出現(xiàn) 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇的邏輯順序安排一般是先談最次要的內(nèi)容 繼而談?shì)^為重 要的內(nèi)容 最后再談最重要的內(nèi)容 從而形成文章高潮 2 過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用 語(yǔ)篇的外在連貫手段有時(shí) 單靠邏輯上的連貫對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇來(lái)說(shuō)是很 不夠的 因而過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用必不可少 漢語(yǔ)的連貫屬于 意合 英語(yǔ)的連貫屬 形合 而借助過(guò)渡詞 語(yǔ)取得語(yǔ)篇的連貫是形合法最突出的特點(diǎn) 所以 在英語(yǔ)文章內(nèi) 諸如等過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)特別多 它們的運(yùn)用挑明了句子與句子之間 段落與段落之間的關(guān)系 使文 章更加顯得連貫 由于受漢語(yǔ) 意合 的影響 中國(guó)學(xué)生常忽略過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用 所以中國(guó)學(xué)生在進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作時(shí)必須對(duì)此給以足夠的重視 3 語(yǔ)言規(guī)范語(yǔ)言的規(guī)范涉及面廣 小至遣詞造句 大到語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu) 無(wú)不體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言使用的質(zhì)量 根據(jù)近年博士生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試的作文試卷統(tǒng)計(jì) 許多考生未熟練掌 握造句技能甚至不能保證單詞拼寫(xiě)正確 句子無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤 因此要多讀多看英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊和原著 從中學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言用法 沒(méi)有仔細(xì)閱 讀過(guò) 理解過(guò)的東西千萬(wàn)不要在作文中使用 切忌中國(guó)式英語(yǔ) 第二部分35篇范文1 Television Programand TheirEffect onchildren Televisionprograms regularlyentertain educate effect andeven frightenthe majorityofour children Most childrenare allowedto watchwhatever programis on with littlethought on the effectthat particularshow willhave on a child Most programscan beclassed asbeneficial orharmful aording towhat effectthe programmight haveonachild The beneficialtelevision programsare mainlythouse thateducate the young There areoften specialson animallife A fewregular children s programsdevelop thechild s interestin school type learningby stressingnumbers and the alphablt and thatencourages himor herto becreative The beneficialmercials such asthose onanti smoking anti litter and health should beincluded inthis category On theopposite sideare theshows which aregenerally harmfulto children Many mercials especially thosesponsoring the children s programs are deliberatelywritten tocreate adesire for an unnecessaryproduct suchas sugarcoated cerealsand candy All adultprograms thatinclude violenceor sexscenes canat bestfill achild s mindwith confusingor misleadingideas and couldpossib lyharden thechild toviolence Thoughtful parentswill definitely not allowtheir childrento viewthe badprograms A child s viewingtime should be limitedto watchingeducationlly beneficalprograms 2 How toSolve theHousing Problemin BigCities With the developmentof modern industryu more andmore peopleare flowinginto big cities Aordingly the housingproblem in big citiesis beingmore andmore serious People haveoffered manysolutions tothis problem I thinkbuilding satellitecities in the suburbsis morepractical The freshair andbeautiful seeryin thesuburbs will be appealingto the city citizens who sufferfrom airpollution noises etc in theovercrowded city With more people leavingthecity more spacewill be available forthose remaining The housinmgproblem inbigcitieswill thusbe solved 3 The youngergeneraton knowsbest Old peopleare alwayssaying that the youngare notwhat they were The samements is made fromgeneration togeneration andit is always true It has never beentruer thanti is today The youngare bettereducated They havea lotmore moneyto spendand enjoymore freedom They growup morequickly and are notso dependenton their parents They thinkmore for themselves anddo notblindly aeptthe ideasof their elders Events which the older generationremembers vividly are nothingmore thanpast history This is as itshould be Every newgeneration isdifferent from the onepreceded it Today thedifference isvery markedindeed The oldalways assumethaty theyknow bestforthesimple reasonthat they have beenaround abit longer They don t liketo feelthat theirvalues are being questionedor threatened And thisprecisely what the youngare doing They arequestioning theassumptions of theireldersand disturbingtheir placency They takeleave todoubt thatthe oldergeneration hascreated thebest ofallpossibleworlds What theyreject more than anythingis conformity Office hours for instance are nothingmorethanenforced slavery Wouldn t peoplework bestif they were givenplete freedomand responsibility And what about clothing Who saidthat allthe menin theworld shouldwear drabgrey suitsand convicthaircuts If weturn ourminds tomore seriousmatters who saidthat humandifferences can best besolved throughconventional politicsor byviolent means Who saidthat humandifferences canbest besolved throughconventional politicsor byviolent means Who saidthat humandifferences canbest besolved throughconventional politicsor byviolent means Why havethe oldergeneration sooften usedviolence to solven theirproblems Why arethey sounhappy andguilt ridden in their personallives so obsessedwith meanambitions and the desireto amassmore andmore materialpossessions Can anythingbe rightwith therat race Haven tthe old losttouch withall that is importantin life There are not questionsthe oldergeneration canshrug offlightly Their recordover the past fortyyears orso hasn t beenexactly spotless Traditionally the young have turnedto theirelders forguilance Today the situationmight reversed The old if they are preparedto admit it could learn a thingor twofrom their children One of the biggestlessons theycould learnis thatenjoyment is not sinful Enjoyment isa principleone couldapply to all aspectsof life It issurely notwrong to enjoy yourwork andenjoy yourleisure toshed restrictinginhibitions It issurely notwrong to live in the presentrather thanin the past orfuture This emphasison thepresent is only to be expressedbecause the younghavegrown upunder theshadow of the bomb the constantthreat ofplete annihilation This istheir gloriousheritage Can webe surprisedthat theyshould sooften question the sanityof the generation thatbequeathed it 4 Public TransportationAs partof domesticmodernization public transportationneeds to be developedurgently in China I canillustrate someexamples There does not onlyexist serioustraffic jamsbut alsocrowded buses underground andrailways Commuters find it hard to getto workon timedue toovercrowded buses or tubes Travelers couldhardly geton busesinbigcities duringweedends owingto fewerbuses andmorepeople When SpringFestival isdrawing near there is much greater ressure on public transportationsince ithas todeal witha largenumber oftravelers rushinghome And travelersneed specialarrangements togo home In aword public transportationhas beebottleneck to the advancof Chineseeconomy To solvethe above mentioned problems the departmentsconcerned shouldcarry outthe followingsteps to buildmore roads highways orrailways andto addbusesortrains to the originallines But therfunds haveto beraised bothfrom the government and the public There arethree sourcesfor fundraising One is to raise the faresfor allkindsofall transportationvehicles Another isto increasethe pricesfor variousvehicles onsale The thirdisto raisethe prices of petrol and diesel oilin addtion to the governmental funds If all this moneyto raisethepricesofpetrolanddieseloiil in addtionto thegovernmentalfunds If allthis moneycollected isused toimprove transportationservices the situationwill bebettered andfavorable The thirdstep to take isto introduce new technologyin orderto raisethe efficiencyof vehicles For instance the speedof trainscanbeincreased asmuch astwo timesso thattwo timesas many people canbe held In thisway the pressureonpublictransportation canbe dramaticallyalleviated So in aword we needto introducenew technologytoraisethe speedof vehicleswhile havingbuilt evenwider roadsand addedmore efficienttrains andhuses 5 Human EducationThe otherday a professorfrom PekingUniversity gavea lecture Chinese Intellectualsand WrittenCultural Text In hislecture he heldthat Chineseintellectuals havelost thewritten culturaltext sincethe May4th movement His opinionset usthinking thatthe lossof traditionalhumane educationresulted in a crisisof culturaleducation With therapid developmentof economy the livingstandard of the Chinesepeople hasimproved a lot in terms ofmaterial wealth In aperiod wheneconomics takepriority people paymore anedmoreattentionto profit At present moneymaking andpleasure seekingare beinga popularfashion On theother hand there appearsa barrenfield ofspirit in today s society It hasbee unexpectedlyhardtorebuild theparadise oftraditional culture Ideological confusion moral declineand achaotic culturalmarket allthisshows that it isthe hightime tohave somethingdone in ordertotackle the problem ofcultural orientation Our timescall foran ideal humane education It isunwise todiscard traditionalChinese cultureas awhole Some ofthe elementsof thisculture canbe madeuse ofin thereconstruction ofour spiritualcivilizaiton directlyor wit5h someadaptation Our attitude towards traditionshould be discarding thedross andselecting theessence The humaneeducation ofthepastcan serveas asupplement toour Marxisteducation It shouldstart fromprimary school In thisway ourchildrenwill geteducated soas to be possessedofaperfect personality The nationalmorale willbe deeplyrooted inpeople s mind and willhelp pushforward thegrowth ofeconomy To sumup we canfinditbadly necessary to buildup anidealhumaneeducation We shouldfind anefficient wayto developour humaneeducation anddig out5more resourcesform traditionalChinese culture 6 Criticism onTelevision Alot ofpeople believe that televisionhas aharmful effecton chldren A fewyears ago the samecriticisms weremade ofthe cinema But althoughchild psychoilogistshave spenta greatdeal of time studyinghis problem there isnot muchevidence thattelevision bringsabout teenager s crimes For peoplein themodern worldsshare theviews ofparents ahundred years ago In thosedays writers forchildren carefullyavoided anyreference tosex in their books but hadnot inhibitionsabout includingscenes ofviolence The evidencecollected suggests however that neitherthe subject nor theaction initself frightenschildren The contextin whichcruely orviolence oursismuch more important A goodguide towhat ispsychologically healthyforasmall childis thereforeprovided bya televisionseries inwhich aboy anda girlare supposedto beexploring distantplas with theirparents In eachstory they encounterstrange monstersand findthemselves indangerous situationsbut theparents arereassuring andsensible as achild s paprentsshouldbein real life There is an adultcharacter whoisacoward andliar but boththechildrenare braveand of course every storyends happily In myview children shouldbe exposedtotheproblems ofreallifeas soonas possible but theycannont helpseeing thesethrough newsprograms When theyarebeingentertained the healthiestatmosphere is one whichthe heroand heroineare childrenlike themselveswho behavenaturally andconfidently inany situation 7 The onything peopleare interesedintoday is earingmore moneyOnce upona time there liveda beautifulyoung woman andahandsome youngman They werevery poor but as theyweredeeply inlove they wantedto get married The young people s parentsshook theirheads You can t getmarried yet They said Wait tillyou geta goodjob with good prospects So theyoungpeoplewaited untilthey foundgood jobswithgood prospects and theywereable to getmarried They werestill poor of course they didn t havea houseto liveinorany furniture but thatdid t matter They youngman hada goodjob withgoodprospects so largeorganizations lenthim the money heneeded tobuy ahouse some furniture allthelatest electricalappliances anda car The couplelived happilyever afterpaying offdebts forthe restof theirlves And soends anothermodern romanticfable We liveinamaterialistic societyandaretrained fromour earlistyears to be acquistive Our possessions yours andmine areclearly labeledfrom earlychildhood When wegrow oldenough toearnaliving it does not surpiseus todiscover thatsuess ismeasured in terms ofthemoneyyou earn We spendthe wholeof ourliveskeeping up with ourneighbors the Joneses If webuy a new televisionset Jones isbound tobuy abigger andbetter one If webuy anew car we canbe surethat Joneswill goone betterand gettwo newcars one forhis wifeand onefor himself The mostamusing thingabout thisgame is that Jonesesand allthe neighborswho arestruggling franticallyto keepupwith them arespending borrowedmoney kindlyprovided atasuitable rateof interest of course by friendlybanks insurance panies etc It isnotonlyaffluent societiesthat peopleare obsessedwith theidea ofmaking moremoney Consumer goods are desirableeverywhere andmodernindustrydeliberately setsout tocreate newmarkets Gone arethe dayswhen industrialgoods weremade tolast forever The wheelsof industrymust bekept turning Built in obsolescenceprovides themeans goodsaremade to be discarded Cars gettinnier andtinnier You nosooner acquirethis year s modelthan you are thinkingabout itsreplacement This materialisticoutlook hasseriously influencededucation Fewer andfewer youngpeople thesedays acquireknowledge onlyfor itsown sake Every courseof studiesmust leadsomewhere i e toabigger wagepacket The demand for skilledpersonnel forexceeds thesupply andbig paniespete witheach otherto recruitstudents beforethey havepleted theirstudies Tempting salariesand fringe benefits are offeredto them Recruiting tacticsof thiskind haveled tothe braindrain the processby whichhighly skilledpeople offertheir servicestothe highest bidder The wealthiernations deprivetheir poorerneighbors oftheir mostable citizens While Mammonis worshippedasneverbefore the richget richersandthepoor poorer 8 Communication andLanguage Oneofthefirst thingswe thinkabout whenwe hearthe wordmunication language There arethousands oflanguages spokenaround theworld today In fact linguistis say that theremaybeas many as10000 Speaking with others isan importantmeans ofmunication but we can alsomunicate withoutusing words thatisby nonverbalmunication Nonverbal municationincludes voicequality eyes movement facial expressionand bodymovements suchas gesturesand changein bodyposition But manypeople do not realizethat everyoneuses nonverbalmunication Sometimes we say more withour faceand gesturesthat wedo withour voices Books magazines newspapers radio television are othermeans ofmunication Today we can alsomunicate overlong distancewith thehelp ofmunications satellites Some scientistssaythatsoon machineswillbedeveloped forsending messagethrough the earth The technologynecessarytobuild thesemachines isvery plex But thelanguage wespeak everydayismuchmoreplex than the mostmodern municationtechnology 9 Cooperation Goeswith CompetitionIn ourtimes cooperation andpetition spreadover theworld