中考英語語法非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)

中考英語語法非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn) 非謂語動(dòng)詞命題趨勢(shì) 根據(jù)對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞部分全國各省 市中考試題的分析可知 今后該部分仍將是重點(diǎn)考查點(diǎn) 之一 其考查重點(diǎn)為 1 it 作形式主語 賓語的用法 2 感官動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和動(dòng)詞 ing 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法 3 動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問代詞和疑問副詞的連用 4 一些特殊動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)不帶 to 但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)就要帶 to 5 有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)詞 ing 形式作賓語 但表達(dá)的意思不同 考點(diǎn)詮釋 一 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作主語 不定式或動(dòng)名詞用作主語 而分詞不能擔(dān)任句子中的主語 考例 It s very nice pictures for me 天津 A of you to draw B for you to draw C for you drawing D of you drawing 答案 A 解析 考查 It s 形容詞 of for sb to do sth 句中 it 為形式主語 to do 是真正的主語 當(dāng)形容詞是表示品質(zhì)意思時(shí) 應(yīng)該用 of sb 其他形容詞用 for sb 故此題答案為 A 二 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作賓語 考例 一 It s a bit cold Would you mind my all the windows 一 Do as you like please 07 淄博市 A close B will close C closing D to close 答案 C 解析 動(dòng)詞 mind 意為 介意 后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí) 應(yīng)使用 ing 形式 Mary and I enjoy badminton 07 黔嶺東南州 A to play B playing C played 答案 B 解析 enjoy 后跟動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式作賓語 即 enjoy doing something 意為 喜歡 做 某事 So hot in the classroom Would you mind the windows 0K I ll do it right now 黃岡市 A not closing B not opening C closing D opening 答案 D 解析 mind 是中考的重點(diǎn)考查詞匯 其后跟 v ing 表示 介意 Mr Wang I have trouble the text 一 Remember it three times at least 威海市 A to understand reading B understanding reading C understanding to read D to understand to read at night 答案 C 解析 have trouble doing something 意為 做某事有困難 所以答案在 B 與 C 中 remember to do something 意為 記得 去 做某事 remember doing something 意為 記得做過某事 由對(duì)話的語境可知 前者正確 How are you feeling here It s quite hot I don t know to go or stay 武漢 A how B when C whether D where 答案 C 解析 考查 疑問詞 動(dòng)詞不定式 的用法 根據(jù)句意 我不知道是走還是留下 來 故選 C Many people think it s very important us learn English well 貴陽 A for to B to to C with for 答案 A 解析 考查 主語 feel think make find it adj for sb to do sth 句中 it 為形式賓語 to do 是真正的賓語 故此題答案為 A The menu has so many good things I can t decide 河北 A what to eat B how to eat C where to eat D when to eat 答案 A 解析 考查 疑問詞 動(dòng)詞不定式 的用法 根據(jù)句意 我不能決定吃什么 故選 A 12 My dad bought me a new MP4 but I don t know Let s read the instructions 河南課改試驗(yàn)區(qū) A what to use B which one to use C how to use it D when to use it 答案 C 解析 考查 疑問詞 動(dòng)詞不定式 的用法 根據(jù)句意 我不知道如何使用 故選 C 13 It took my daughter two weeks the novels by Yand Hongying 濰坊 A read written B to read written C reading to write D to read wrote 答案 B 解析 It takes sb some time to do sth 表示花費(fèi)多長時(shí)間做某 事 novel 與 write 的關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 應(yīng)用過去分詞 表示被動(dòng) 故答案為 B Drivers are warned when they are tired 佛山 A to drive B not drive C not to drive 答案 C 解析 考查動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu) 否定形式是在 to 前面加 not 故選 C If you want to know the mobile phone you d better read the instructions first 大連 A how to use B how to make C where to mend D where to buy 答案 A 解析 考查 疑問詞 動(dòng)詞不定式 的用法 根據(jù)句意 如果你想要知道如何使 用手機(jī)的話 你最好先看一看說明書 故選 A China will spend about 52 billion yuan new airports and old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five Year Plan period 時(shí)期 07 臨沂市 A repairing building B to build repair C building repairing D to repair build 答案 C 解析 本題主要是考查動(dòng)詞 spend 的用法 spend doing something 意為 花費(fèi) 做某事 由此可排除 B D 兩項(xiàng) 再從句意上看 應(yīng)是 修建 新機(jī)場(chǎng) 維修 舊 機(jī)場(chǎng) 3 students should pay attention to the teacher in class 07 泰州市 A hear B1istento C listening to D hearing of 答案 C 解析 本題考查了介詞后跟動(dòng)詞的情況 pay attention to 意為 注意 其中 to 是介詞 所以后面的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞形式 hear of 意為 聽說 與句意不符 三 考 查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作賓語補(bǔ)足語 原則上 所有的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式均可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語 其區(qū)別是 不定式表未來 現(xiàn)在分 詞表進(jìn)行 過去分詞表完成和被動(dòng) 考例 Alice asked me another bag for her 北京市課標(biāo)卷 A get B got C to get D getting 答案 C 解析 ask sb to do sth 表示讓某人做某事 此句話的意思為 愛麗絲叫 我給她再帶一個(gè)包 Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer 長沙 A swim B to swim C swimming 答案 B 解析 考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法 tell sb to do sth 表示告訴 某人做某事 tell 后邊要加不定式 否定形式是在 to 前面加 not 根據(jù)題意 應(yīng)選 B What did your sister say to you last night She asked me my father her secret 紹興 A to tell not B not to tell C don t tell D not tell 答案 B 解析 tell sb to do sth 表示告訴某人做某事 tell 后邊要加不定式 否 定形式是在 to 前面加 not 根據(jù)題意 應(yīng)選 B Betty is often seen the old man with his housework 咸寧 A help B to help C helped D helps 答案 B 解析 考查感官動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 在 make let have 等使役動(dòng) 詞和 see watch notice hear listen to look at feel 等感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語中 動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to 當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí) 不定式就成了主語補(bǔ)語 作 主語補(bǔ)語的不定式必須加 to 故選 B Time goes by so fast We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them how much they mean to us 哈爾濱 A to know B knowing C know 答案 C 解析 考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法 make sb do sth 表示 使某 人 故選 C How do you feel when you see the national flag of China It makes us proud 包頭 A feel B to feel C felt D feeling 答案 A 解析 考查感官動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 在 make let have 等使役動(dòng) 詞和 see watch notice hear listen to look at feel 等感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語中 動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to 故選 A 四 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作定語 考例 Shopping with me Sorry I have a lot of clothes 2004 江西省南昌 A to wash B washed C wash D to be washed 答案 A 命題立意 本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作定語的用法 試題解析 作定語用的不定式的邏輯主語是句中主語或賓語時(shí) 就用主動(dòng)式的不定式來 表被動(dòng)意義 故選 A 五 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作狀語 考例 Linda I am very thirsty Let s go to the nearest supermarket some drinks OK 重慶 A buy B bought C to buy D buying 答案 C 解析 考查不定式作目的狀語的用法 句意為 咱們?nèi)プ罱某?jí)市場(chǎng)買些 飲料 In order the word a friendly place one must show a friendly face 樂山 A makes B making C to make D make 答案 C 解析 考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語的特殊結(jié)構(gòu) in order to do sth 表示 為 了 的意思 不定式作目的狀語 故選 C 一 There goes the bell 一 It s time for class Let s stop 福州市 A talk B to talk C talking D not talk 答案 C 解析 動(dòng)詞 stop 后既可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語 即 stop to do sth 也可以接 動(dòng)詞的一 ing 形式作定語 即 stop doing sth 前者表示停下來 開始 做后面的動(dòng)作 后者表示停止當(dāng)前的動(dòng)作 由語境 鈴響了 到了上課時(shí)間 應(yīng)停止交談 可知 應(yīng)選 C 項(xiàng) 語法回顧 動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式由 to 動(dòng)詞原形 構(gòu)成 其主動(dòng)式有一般式 進(jìn)行時(shí) 完成式和完成進(jìn)行式 其被動(dòng)式 進(jìn)行式和完成式 如下表 時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)式的句法功能 1 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí) 其謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù) 例如 To say something is one thing to do it is another 說是一回事 做是另一回事 To help animals is helping people 幫助動(dòng)物就是幫助人 It is very difficult for us to learn Chinese well 對(duì)于我們而言 學(xué)好漢語是非常的 困難 It took me half an hour to work out this problem 解出這道題花了我一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí) 間 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中作主語時(shí) 通常使用 it 作形式主語而真正主語則是不定式或不定式短 語 以使句子保持平衡 例如 It s so nice to hear your voice 聽到你的聲音真高興 It is not difficult to work out the problem 弄清這個(gè)節(jié)目的情況并不困難 It s very kind of you to help us 他幫助我們 他真好 It s for sb 和 It s of sb 這樣的句子中 由于表語形容詞性質(zhì)的不同 導(dǎo)致了不定式邏輯主語標(biāo)志用 for 或 of 的區(qū) 別 1 for sb 句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點(diǎn) 表示客觀形式的形容詞 如 easy hard difficult interesting impossible 等 例如 It s very hard for him to study two languages 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的 2 of sb 句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格 品德 心智能力 表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容 詞 如 good kind nice clever foolish right 例如 It s very nice of you to help me 你來幫助我 你真是太好了 2 動(dòng)詞不定式作表語 不定式可放在 be 動(dòng)詞后面 形成表語 例如 My work is to clean the room every day 我的工作是每天清掃房間 His dream is to be a doctor 他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名醫(yī)生 3 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語 1 及物動(dòng)詞 ask agree beg care choose decide expect force fail hesitate claim hope learn long manage offer pretend plan prepare promise refu se want wish 等要求動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語 例如 We want to learn some body language 我們想學(xué)習(xí)一點(diǎn)身勢(shì)語 She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow 她已經(jīng)決定明天去廣州 No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit 沒有人能擔(dān)負(fù)起買如此昂貴的服 裝 4 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 有的動(dòng)詞后接帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語 有的動(dòng)詞后接不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式 1 能以帶 to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有 ask allow get warn tell invite force oblige beg wish want like hate expect encourage advise persuade permit request order cause know call on 等 例如 Would you like me to help you 你要我?guī)兔?Father will not allow us to play on the street 2 用不帶 to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有 see hear watch notice observe listen to look at feel let have make 等 但是 這類句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí) 不定式符 號(hào) to 仍保留 例如 I saw him dance 我看見他跳舞 He was seen to dance The boss made them work the whole night 老板讓他們整夜干活 They were made to work the whole night 5 動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞 介詞的連用 1 decide find out forget know learn remember wonder 等動(dòng)詞常接 疑問詞 動(dòng)詞不定式 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu) 用作賓語 疑問詞一般是 what who m where how whether why which 例如 Would you teach us how to drive a car 你愿意教我們?nèi)绾伍_車嗎 Let me tell you what to do now 讓我來告訴你現(xiàn)在該做什么 當(dāng)賓語是不定式 短語 時(shí) 如果其后有賓語補(bǔ)足語 則須用 it 作形式賓語 而把真正的 賓語放在補(bǔ)語之后 即 主語 謂語 it 賓補(bǔ)不定式 短語 常見的謂語動(dòng)詞有 think make feel find etc 例如 I don t think it is necessary to buy a bigger computer 我認(rèn)為沒有必要買那個(gè)大功 能的計(jì)算機(jī) He found it important to study the situation in Russian 他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國形勢(shì)非常 重要 6 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語 不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后 往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 例如 I have a lot of work to do 我有許多事要做 There was nothing to bring home that morning 那天早上 他回家時(shí) 兩手空空 7 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語 不定式通常在句子里可作目的 條件 原因和結(jié)果狀語 1 目的狀語 常用結(jié)構(gòu)為 to do only to do 僅僅為了 in order to do so as to do so such as to 如此 以便 例如 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車 I come here only to say good bye to you 我來僅僅是向你告別 2 作結(jié)果狀語 可以表示沒有預(yù)料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果 不定式要放在句子后面 I awoke to find my truck gone 我醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子不見了 He searched the room only to find nothing 他搜索了房間 沒發(fā)現(xiàn)什么 3 表原因 I m glad to see you 見到你很高興 She wept to see the sight 她一看到這情形就哭了 4 表示理由和條件 He must be a fool to say so 他可定是傻子才這樣說 You will do well to speak more carefully 如果你仔細(xì)說 你會(huì)做得更好 III 不定式的否定和省略形式 一 不定式的否定 不定式的否定通常應(yīng)直接在不定式前加否定詞 not 注 否定詞 never 也可構(gòu)成不定式的 否定形式 Tell him not to shut the window 讓他別關(guān)窗 She pretended not to see me when I passed by 我走過的時(shí)候 她假裝沒看見 關(guān)于 too to 表示否定的情況 表示 如此 以致不能 一般表示否定 例如 He is too young to go to school He is so young that he can t go to school 他年齡太小 不能上學(xué) She was too excited to say a word She was so excited that she could not say a word 他激動(dòng)的連一句話也說不出來 二 不定式的省略形式 1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 除 ought 外 后 2 使役動(dòng)詞 let have make 后 感官動(dòng)詞 see watch look at notice observe hear listen to smell feel find 等后 注意 被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不能省去 to 例如 I saw him dance 我看見他跳舞 He was seen to dance The boss made them work the whole night 老板讓他們整夜干活 They were made to work the whole night 3 would rather had better 句型后 4 Why why no 句型后 5 help 后可帶 to 也可不帶 to help sb to do sth 6 but 和 except 后 but 前是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do 時(shí) 后面出現(xiàn)的不定式不帶 to 比較 He wants to do nothing but go out 他只想出去玩 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine 除了吃這藥 他 什么都信 7 由 and or 和 than 連接的兩個(gè)不定式 第二個(gè) to 可以省去 8 通常在 discover imagine suppose think 等詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí) 可以省去 to be 例 如 He is supposed to be nice 他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人 第二節(jié) 動(dòng)名詞 1 動(dòng)名詞作主語 1 動(dòng)名詞作主語與不定式作主語的區(qū)別 一般地說 動(dòng)名詞表示抽象的 一般的行為 尤其是強(qiáng)調(diào)多次性的動(dòng)作 不定式表示具體的 某一次的動(dòng)作 特別是將來的動(dòng)作 例如 Checking information is very important 核實(shí)情況是非常重要的 Learning a foreign language is very useful to me 學(xué)習(xí)一門外語 來說是非常重要 的 2 動(dòng)名詞作賓語 1 有些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語 不 能用不定式作直接賓語 如 admit advise avoid consider delay finish mind miss permit practise enjoy resist risk appreciate imagine 例如 He finished reading the book yesterday 他昨天看完這本書 Have you considered looking for one special friend 你是否考慮過找一位特別親密 的朋友呢 2 動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語的用法 be used to prevent from depend on feel like be fond of be proud of put off give up devote oneself to help yourself to be busy in be afraid of apologize for 等 例如 I don t feel like walking very much today 今天我不想走太多的路 The Great Green will stop the wind from blowing the earth away 綠色長城將阻 止風(fēng)刮走土 注意 動(dòng)名詞前的介詞有時(shí)可以省略 如 have difficulty in doing have no trouble in doing lose no time in doing prevent stop from doing there is no use in doing 等 例如 I have some difficult in pronouncing some of the words in English 我發(fā)某些英語 單詞的音有一些困難 The heavy rain kept them from going out 大雨阻止了他們外出 We must stop them from making the same mistake again 我們必須防止犯同 樣的錯(cuò)誤 3 有些動(dòng)詞即可用動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語 也可以用不定式作直接賓語 兩者有著截然不同 的意義 1 like love prefer hate 等表示喜愛 厭惡 偏好的情感動(dòng)詞 后跟不定式 表示 僅一時(shí)的愛憎情感或指特定或具體某次行為 后跟動(dòng)名詞表示 抽象性的一種傾向 愛好或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作 例如 I don t like to read this novel 我不喜歡看這本小說 I don t like reading in bed 我不喜歡在床上看書 I prefer to work rather than sit idle 我情愿工作而不愿閑坐著 注意 這幾個(gè)詞前面有 would should 時(shí) 后面都只跟不定式 例如 Would you like to dine out 你愿意在外面吃頓飯嗎 2 動(dòng)詞 remember forget stop go on try regret can t help 等既能以動(dòng) 詞不定式又能以動(dòng)名詞作賓語 但表達(dá)的意思卻不同 與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí) 表示未完成 的動(dòng)作 例如 remember 后用動(dòng)名詞表示 記起過去做過的一件事 后用動(dòng)詞不定式表示 記住要去 做某一件事情 例如 Remember to go to the post office after school 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局 Don t you remember seeing the man before 你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎 forget 后用動(dòng)詞不定式表示 忘記要去做某件事情 后用動(dòng)名詞表示 忘記過去做過的一 件事情 例如 The light in the office is still on He forgot to turn it off 辦公室的燈還在亮著 他 忘記關(guān)了 沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作 He forgot turning the light off 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了 已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作 stop 后用動(dòng)詞不定式表示 停下來做另一件事情 停下來的目的 后用動(dòng)名詞表示 停 止正在做的事情 例如 They stop to smoke a cigarette 他們停下來 抽了根煙 I must stop smoking 我必須戒煙了 go on doing sth 表示 繼續(xù)不停地做某事 或 一件事沒有做完 停頓后繼續(xù)做下去 與 原來所做的事相同 例如 After he had finished his maths he went on to do his physics 做完數(shù)學(xué)后 他 接著去做物理 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one 作完這個(gè)練習(xí) 后 接著做其他的練習(xí) try 用動(dòng)詞不定式表示 設(shè)法去做某件事情 后用動(dòng)名詞表示 試一試某種辦法 例如 You must try to be more careful 你可要多加小心 I tried gardening but didn t succeed 我試著種果木花卉 但未成功 mean 后用動(dòng)詞不定式表示 打算 想要做某事 后用動(dòng)名詞表示 意味著 意思是 例 如 I meant to tell you yesterday but you were not in your office 我打算昨天告訴 你 但是你不在辦公室 Missing the train means waiting for an hour 錯(cuò)過這趟火車就意味著還要等一個(gè)小時(shí) can t help 后用動(dòng)詞不定式表示 不能幫助做 后用動(dòng)名詞表示 禁不住 不得不 例如 He couldn t help finishing it 他不得不把這件事完成 We couldn t help to finish it 我們不能幫助完成這件事 be afraid doing to do be afraid to do 不敢 膽怯去做某事 是主觀上的原因不去做 意為 怕 be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心出現(xiàn) doing 的狀況 結(jié)果 doing 是客觀上造成的 意為 生怕 恐怕 例如 She was afraid to wake her husband 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫 She was afraid of waking her husband 她生怕吵醒她丈夫 learn 后跟不定式表示 學(xué)會(huì)了做某事 或 學(xué)著做某事 跟動(dòng)名詞表示 學(xué)過做某事 但不 一定會(huì)了 例如 He has learned to type 他學(xué)會(huì)了打字 指會(huì)使用打字機(jī) He has learned typing 他學(xué)過打字 他不一定會(huì)使用打字機(jī) 4 動(dòng)詞 need want require 以及 be worth 之后動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)含有被動(dòng)的意思 相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 例如 His clothes need mending to be mended 他的衣服需要縫補(bǔ) Our teacher said that the way of study needed improving 老師說我們的這種學(xué)習(xí) 方法需要改進(jìn) These babies will require taking good care of 這些嬰兒需要細(xì)心照料 His talk is well worth listening to 他的報(bào)告很值得一聽 3 動(dòng)名詞的否定形式的表達(dá)方式 動(dòng)名詞否定結(jié)構(gòu)由 not 動(dòng)名詞 構(gòu)成 I regret not having worked not working hard at school 我后悔過去上學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)不 努力 It is no use buying books but not reading them 買了書卻不讀是沒有什么用處的 第三節(jié) 分 詞 分詞是非謂語動(dòng)詞中的一種形式 是英語教學(xué)過程中的重點(diǎn) 難點(diǎn) 也是歷屆高考考查語 法點(diǎn)之一 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種 它在句子里可作表語 賓語補(bǔ)足語定語和 狀語 但要注意分詞具有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的意味而過去分詞卻具有被動(dòng)和完成的意味 一 分詞在句中的功能 1 分詞作表語 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語 多表示主語所具有的特征或性質(zhì) 意為 令人怎樣 含主動(dòng)意味 如 astonishing disappointing exciting amusing frightening interesting sur prising relaxing shocking tiring worrying puzzle ing moving 過去分 詞作表語多表示主語的狀態(tài) 意為 對(duì)什么感受怎樣 有被動(dòng)意味 如 astonished disappointed excited amused frightened interested surpris ed relaxed shocked tired worried puzzled moved 例如 Our trip was disappointing 我們的這次旅行讓人失望 We was disappointed at our trip 我們對(duì)這次旅行感到失望 This story is interesting 這個(gè)故事有趣 I am interested in this story 我對(duì)這故事感興趣 2 分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí) 也要注意主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的關(guān)系這種關(guān)系主要體現(xiàn)在賓補(bǔ)與賓語之間的 主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的關(guān)系 He s going to have his hair cut 他將要去理發(fā) I must get my bike repaired 我得去修理我的自行車 動(dòng)詞 have let make 等也可帶用過去分詞表示的賓語補(bǔ)足語 在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中主語通常 不是分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者 能帶分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞常見的有 see feel watch make let have 等 例如 You often see musicians performing in the streets 你經(jīng)?？吹揭魳芳以诮稚涎葑?We watched three old men sharing their food with each other 我們觀看三個(gè)老人 相互分享他們的食物 3 分詞作定語 不及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)完成 及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn) 在分詞作定語強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng) 過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng) 分詞的完成式一般不作定語 分詞作其他成分時(shí) 也是如此 分詞作 定語 單個(gè)的分詞作定 語一般前置 分詞詞組 個(gè)別分詞如 given left 等 修飾不定代詞等的分詞 作定語需后 置 例如 We can see the rising sun 我們可以看到東升的旭日 He is a retired worker 他是位退休的工人 There was a girl sitting there 有個(gè)女孩坐在那里 This is the question given 這是所給的問題 There is nothing interesting 沒有有趣的東西 分詞作定語相當(dāng)于定語從句 如 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists 分詞 包含現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞 高中學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn) 主要區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動(dòng)的意思或表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的意思 過去分詞有被動(dòng)或 動(dòng) 作已經(jīng)完成的意思 分詞可以有自己的賓語或狀語 分詞或分詞短語在句子中作定語 狀語和復(fù)合賓語等 A 作定語 分詞作定語時(shí) 一般要放在修飾的名詞之前 分詞短語作定語時(shí) 則要放在所修 飾的名詞之后 如 I have got a running nose 我流鼻涕 The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly Stop the thief 跟著 小偷追的婦女大喊 捉小偷 Yesterday I met a man called Mr Black 昨天我遇見了一個(gè)名叫布萊克先生的人 He only gave me a broken glass so I was very angry with him 他只給了我一個(gè) 壞玻璃杯 所以我很生他的氣 B 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作下列動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語 參考不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 謂語動(dòng)詞 vt 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 keep 保持 see 看到 hear 聽到 watch 注意到 feel 感覺到 sb sth do ing 如 Mum kept me working all the week 媽媽讓我一個(gè)星期都在工作 When I entered the room I saw Jack eating a big pear 我進(jìn)入房間時(shí)看到杰克正 在吃一只大梨子 In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot 黑暗之中我感到有個(gè) 冷的東西在我的腳上移動(dòng) C 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作狀語 表示伴隨情況 如 She came into the classroom holding a pile of papers in her hand 他走進(jìn)教室 手上抓著一沓紙 I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test 這些日子我正忙著準(zhǔn)備即將來到的口語考試 D 過去分詞可以作表語 放在連系動(dòng)詞后面 但要注意不要與被動(dòng)語態(tài)混淆 主系表 主要 表示狀態(tài) 而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作 常用過去分詞作表語的結(jié)構(gòu)有 be worried 焦慮 be pleased 高興 be tired 疲勞 get dressed 打扮好 get lost 迷路 get caught 遭遇 become frustrated 沮喪 become intereted in 對(duì) 感興趣 等 等 例略 E 過去分詞可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語 如 I had my hair cut this morning 今天早上我讓人給我理了發(fā) 注意 have sth done 表示動(dòng)作由別人來做 而 have done sth 則為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu) 兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)不可以混 淆 語法過關(guān) 1 Tom likes cars He enjoys model cars of all kinds A collects B collecting C to collect D collected 2 The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers halfway A stop B to stop C stopping D stopped 3 I 11 give a talk tomorrow I m thinking about A what to say B how to say C what can I say D how can I say 4 My sister doesn t like the dress She thinks it makes her fat A look B looks C to look D looked 5 You may be if you have a problem A exciting excited B excited exciting C worrying worried D worried worrying 6 China s badminton team won the Sudirman Cup for the fifth time they deserved 湖北黃石 A to reward B rewarding C to be rewarded D being rewarded 7 Mum I m hungry What about going to McDonald s fried chicken A eat B to eat C eating D and eat 8 Your father is sleeping You d better A not to wake him up B not wake him up C not wake up him D not to wake up him 9 If everyone makes a contribution the environment our country will become more beautiful A to protect B in protecting C to protecting D for protecting 10 I ve made it possible for my computers the same programs by means of networking A to share B share C shared D shares 11 Internet bars mustn t let people under 18 in or let anybody bad things A watch B to watch C watching D watches 12 Shopping with me Sorry I have a lot of clothes A to wash B washed C wash D to be washed 13 I want to buy a digital camera online Can you show me the Internet A search B to search C how to search D what to search 14 It Yang Liwei about 21 hours the earth 14 times in his spaceship A spent circling B took traveling C spent to travel D took to circle 15 The little girl saw the gorilla in the park with a toy bear A to play B playing C is playing D plays 16 How about to the cinema on Sunday A go B to go