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八年級下冊課本知識點(diǎn)梳理Unit 5How are you doing? =How are you? 你怎么樣?Guess what? 你猜怎么著?invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事a ticket to The Sound of Music 一張音樂之聲的電影票one of(+形容詞最高級)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 “(最的)之一”spend, pay, cost和take四個詞表示花費(fèi)的用法:某人 spend 時間/金錢 on 某物 I spent 10 dollars on this book.某人 pay 金錢 for 某物 I paid 10 dollars for this book.某物 cost 某人 金錢 常用句型: It cost/costs sb. some money to do sth.某事 takes 某人 時間 常用句型:It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.注意:spend和pay的主語是人,而cost和take的主語是物。然后再思考每個詞的搭配。最后注意cost花費(fèi)的是金錢,而take花費(fèi)的是時間。spend除了表示花費(fèi),還表示度過的意思。prepare sth. for sb. 為某人準(zhǔn)備某物say thanks to sb. 對某人表示感謝;向某人道謝on ones way here/there/home on ones way to +地點(diǎn)名詞be able to 能夠What a pity! 真遺憾!本單元重點(diǎn)是be動詞或感官動詞加形容詞構(gòu)成的洗標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)?;仡檶W(xué)過的感官動詞:feel, sound, smell, taste, look, seem4個表示變化的系動詞:become, go, get, turnWhats the matter with sb.? 某人怎么了?Which movie do you like best? = Whats your favorite movie?注意類似exciting-excited, interesting-interested, surprising-surprised 的區(qū)別:-ing翻譯為“令人的”, 而-ed翻譯為“感到的”, 所以-ing修飾的是物, 而-ed修飾的是人。care for sb./ look after sb./ take care of sb. 照顧某人because of +短語 because+句子teach sb.(to do)sth. 教某人(做)某事perform plays 表演話劇cheer sb. up 使某人振作start at 在開始at first 首先,起初begin with 以開始come into being 形成,產(chǎn)生has a history of years 有年的歷史be full of 充滿agree with sb. 同意某人make peace with sb. 與某人和平相處used to +動詞原形 過去常常做某事be popular with sb. 受到某人的歡迎be interested in sth. 對某物感興趣at the end of 在的結(jié)尾in the end= at last 最后Anything wrong? 出什么事了?Im sorry to hear that. 聽到那個我很抱歉。seem to be She seems to be a student. 她似乎是個學(xué)生。do badly in 在某事中做得差do well in 在某事中做得好 (= be good at)be strict with sb. 對某人要求嚴(yán)格talk with/to sb. about sth. 和某人談?wù)撃呈耣e worried about 擔(dān)心fail the exam 考試失敗why dont you +動詞原形= why not +動詞原形 “為什么不呢?”(表示提建議)at your age 在你的年紀(jì)make friends with sb. 與某人交朋友by the way 順便問一下,順便說一聲I find it difficult to learn English well. (it 做形式賓語,真正的賓語是不定式)How time flies! 時光飛逝!Whats more 并且,而且as as 像一樣(同級之間的比較,兩個as之間夾形容詞或副詞的原形)not as/so as 不如 (可轉(zhuǎn)化成含有比較級的句子)Lucy is as beautiful as Lily. Lucy isnt as beautiful as Lily.Tom runs as fast as Bill. Tom doesnt run so fast as Bill.either or 或者或者 (遵循就近原則), either是否定句中的“也”I dont like him, either. 我也不喜歡他。遵循就近原則的幾個固定搭配:either or; neithernor, not only but also, there beWith the help of sb. 在某人的幫助下get/be used to (+v-ing) sth 習(xí)慣于(做)某事be afraid to do sth.= be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事best wishes to sb. 給某人最好的祝愿deal with sth. 處理,解決某事refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事instead of 而不是instead 取而代之的是be angry with sb. 生某人的氣even though 盡管Its useless to do sth. 做某事是沒用的not any longer = no longer= no more = not any more 不再by oneself = on ones own 由某人自己give a speech 做演講listen to 聽be confident about sb. 對某人有信心in a good/bad mood 心情好/壞do sth for sb. 為某人做某事What/How about +doing 做某事怎么樣?be proud of sb. 以某人為驕傲put on 穿上,戴上;上演(put on a short play)get ready for sth 為某事做好準(zhǔn)備Mid-autumn Festival 中秋節(jié)get together with sb. 與某人團(tuán)聚fill with 充滿be crowded with sb./sth. 擠滿某人/某物have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難some day 某天 calm down 冷靜,鎮(zhèn)靜such as 例如It is +形容詞(+ for sb. )+ to do sth. 對于某人來說,做某事是的。remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事remember doing sth. 記得做過某事take part in 參加in trouble 處于困境中,陷于麻煩中call sb. at +電話號碼 撥打某人的電話.Unit 6go on a trip 去旅行three-day visit 三天的旅行It takes/took/ will take sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時間(it 是形式主語,真正的主語是后面的不定式)make a decision 做一個決定 make the decision 做決定tooto 太而不能find out 找出,查清楚,弄明白the cost for(doing)sth. (做)某事的花費(fèi)over the phone 通過電話decide on sth. 決定某事the best way to do sth. 做某事最好的方式plan to do sth. 計劃做某事start out 出發(fā)by train/bus/plane 乘坐would like to do 想要做某事tickets to Mount Tai 到泰山的票at +價格 I bought this dress at $50.book a train ticket 預(yù)訂一張火車票raise money 籌錢think of 認(rèn)為,想出serve sth. to sb. 用某物招待某人 (=serve sb. with sth.)Spring/Summer/Fall/Winter is the best time to do sth. 春/夏/秋/冬是做某事的好時候places of interest 名勝古跡help sb.(to)do sth. 幫助某人做某事advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事Im looking forward to hearing from you. 期待著你的來信。(寫信時最好用上這個句子)look forward to doing 期待著做某事hear from sb. 收到某人的來信leave/left for +地點(diǎn) 動身去某地,for后面接的是要去的地方,而不是離開的地方On the third day of our trip 在我們旅行的第三天sothat 如此以至于enjoy (doing) sth. 喜歡做某事While A was doing sth., B was doing sth. 當(dāng)A在做某事的時候,B在做某事。On vacation 在度假How about/What about doing sth.? 做某事怎么樣?be busy doing 忙于做某事come along with sb. 與某人一起work out 算出in the center of 在的中心from south to north 從南到北Monument to the Peoples Heroes 人民英雄紀(jì)念碑be meaningful to sb. 對某人有意義cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事cant help doing 情不自禁要做某事cant help to do sth. 不能幫忙做某事How far is it from A to B? A到B地有多遠(yuǎn)?arrive at +小地點(diǎn)arrive in +大地點(diǎn)have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事有樂趣obey/break the traffic rules 遵守/打破交通規(guī)則save energy 節(jié)約能源get a fine 得到罰款,收到罰單be good for 對有好處share A with B 與B一起分享Apay attention to 注意,留心traffic signals 交通信號safety rules 安全準(zhǔn)則in case of 以防,萬一,假使first aid 急救call sb. for help 打電話向某人求助in a word= in short= all in all 總而言之lend sth to sb. 把某物借給某人empty into 注入Unit 5& Unit 6 重要語法點(diǎn):狀語從句在這兩個單元里,最重要的語法是系動詞加形容詞構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu),原因狀語從句,不定式在句子中做主賓表定狀補(bǔ)語,最重要的是時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句。一定切實(shí)理解并掌握“主將從現(xiàn)”四個字。時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞:when, while, as, until, notuntil, before, after, as soon asEg: I will stay here until she comes back.I wont leave until she comes back.I will go with her when she leaves.I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.條件狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞:if,unlessEg: We wont go to climb the mountain if it rains tomorrow.If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to climb the mountain.She wont come back from the market unless she gets enough things.Unit 7know about 了解turn to sb.= turn to sb. for help= ask sb. for help 向某人求助get in touch with sb. 與某人取得聯(lián)系keep in touch with sb. 與某人保持聯(lián)系lose in touch with sb. 與某人失去聯(lián)系think about 思考think over 仔細(xì)思考think of 認(rèn)為try ones best to do sth. 盡某人最大的努力做某事have a sweet tooth 愛吃甜食enough的用法:名前形副后,注意到底是用形容詞還是副詞與enough搭配decide to do sth. 決定做某事thank you for doing sth. 謝謝你做某事regret(遺憾),forget(忘記),remember(記得)三個詞用法一致:regret to do:遺憾得去做某事; regret doing: 遺憾做了某事forget to do: 忘記要去做某事; forget doing: 忘記做過某事remember to do: 記得要去做某事; remember doing: 記得做過某事這三個詞后面都可以接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。instead of : 代替,而不是。接動詞的話要用動詞的ing形式。play for:效力于,為打比賽play against: 與對打;與某個隊打比賽fight for: 為而戰(zhàn)fight against: 與作斗爭,與對抗as a result 結(jié)果with no roofs and walls= without roofs and wallsWell done! 做得好!add sth. to sth: 把某物加入某物里cooked meat 熟肉 boiled water: 開水 boiling water: 正在沸騰的水描述做一件事情的步驟:First,next,then, finally。在描述做一件事情的過程當(dāng)中,肯定要用到很多動詞,可以運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~來修飾這些動詞。mind doing :介意做某事 mind not doing: 介意不做某事Would you mind teaching me? 你介意教我嗎?Would you mind not making so much noise? 你能不制造這么多噪音嗎?cut up: 切碎 cut A into B: 把A切成Blearn sth. from sb. 從某人處學(xué)習(xí)某物learn to do:學(xué)習(xí)做某事Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。do sth for the first time: 第一次做某事table manners: 餐桌禮節(jié)Start with: 以開始eat up: 吃光drink to sb./sth. 向某人祝酒,為某事祝酒remember not to do: 記得不要做某事finish doing: 完成做某事eating habits:飲食習(xí)慣be far away from:遠(yuǎn)離pick up: 撿起;接某人at the same time: 同時Enjoy yourselves!= Have a good time!for sale: 供出售 on sale: 廉價銷售everyone/everybody做主語,謂語動詞記得用單數(shù)。May I take your order? 可以點(diǎn)餐了嗎?May I have the bill, please? 我可以結(jié)賬了嗎?by phone: 通過電話How are you doing?= How are you?go well: 進(jìn)展順利be worth doing: 值得做某事 The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。Best wishes to you! 給你最好的祝愿!in a right way: 用正確的方式Its said that: 據(jù)說not only but also:注意就近原則;not only后面如果是一個句子,該句子應(yīng)倒裝,即變?yōu)橐蓡柧?。Eg: He is not only a teacher, but also a singer.=Not only is he a teacher, but also he is a singer.He likes not only English, but also math.= Not only does he like English, but also he likes math.Unit 8fashion show: 時裝秀感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu): What(a/an)+形容詞+名詞(+主語+謂語)! What a nice coat! What fine weather! How +形容詞(+主語+謂語)! How nice the coat is !one做代詞:She has a blue dress, while I have a red one.What do you think of them?= How do you like them?so that: 以便 (可以和in order to做句型轉(zhuǎn)換)She gets up early so that she can catch the train.= She gets up early in order to catch the train.What size 問尺碼 What size is your shirt?such that 和sothat的區(qū)別:正如在感嘆句中what修飾名詞而how修飾形容詞或副詞一樣,such跟what一樣,修飾名詞;so跟how一樣,修飾形容詞或副詞。Such修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,其后要有a/an.She is so kind that everyone likes her.She is such a kind girl that everyone likes her.The windbreaker is so cool that you should buy it at once.Its such a cool windbreaker that you should buy it at once.“建議” : advice:不可數(shù)名詞,可用some修飾;suggestion:可數(shù)名詞be good at: 擅長于,可與do well in做同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。be made of :由制成(可看出原材料) be made from :由制成(不可看出原材料)protect sb. from sth. 保護(hù)某人免受某物的傷害The sunglasses can protect our eyes from the sun light.As the saying goes :正如俗語說的Not really. 不完全是。depend on: 依靠,依賴,取決于survey sb. about sth. 關(guān)于某事調(diào)查某人take off: 脫下;起飛在的場合,介詞用on:on every occasion: 在每個場合 on different occasions: 在不同的場合 on special occasions: 在特殊的場合Japanese people wear kimonos for formal occasions. 日本人為正式的場合穿和服(注意介詞)stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事in the daily life: 在日常生活中in fact: 事實(shí)上at Christmas: 在圣誕期間as well as: 也,和,還主謂一致:當(dāng)主語后面用with, together with, along with, as well as連接其他人稱時,這些詞后面的人稱不是主語,它們只是伴隨狀語。Tom as well as Lucy likes English. (Tom是主語,Lucy不是主語,是伴隨狀語)Tom with his parents likes China. (Tom是主語,his parents不是主語,是伴隨狀語)another表泛指,后面常加數(shù)詞再加名詞。 如:another three students以here和there開頭的句子要倒裝,如果原主語是名詞,就用完全倒裝。如果原主語是代詞,就用部分倒裝。完全倒裝: Here come the models! There goes the bell!部分倒裝: Here he comes!他來了! Here they are! 他們在這兒!She is in a red coat.= She wears a red coat.be full of: 充滿be known to sb. : 被某人所知well-known意思等同與famousbe famous for sth.= be well-known for sth.: 因?yàn)槟澄锒鸼e famous as= be well-known as: 作為而著名遵循就近原則的詞組:eitheror, neither nor , not onlybut also; there be 句型Not only Tom but also I am a student. Either we or he is right. 我們或者他是對的。Neither he nor we are right. 他和我們都是不對的。There is a book and two pens on the desk.be different from: 與不同in the past 在過去at one time=once 曾經(jīng)Unit 7& Unit 8重要語法點(diǎn):賓語從句賓語是句子的一個重要成分,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語或句子充當(dāng)。當(dāng)句子充當(dāng)賓語時,這個句子就稱為賓語從句。賓語從句是一種名詞性從句,在句中作及物動詞的賓語,或介詞的賓語,或形容詞的賓語。一賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞,賓語從句可分為三類。 1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that只有語法作用, 沒有實(shí)在的意義,在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如: He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could
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