英語人教版八年級下冊現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的比較.doc

現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的比較 現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：肯：主語+have(has)+過去分詞+賓語否：主語+havent(hasnt)+過去分詞+賓語一般：Have/has+主語+過去分詞+其它?特殊：疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+其它?1.過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的動作（或狀態(tài)）對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果,強調(diào)影響。 2過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語- yesterday,yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, lastweek/month/year/Sunday(星期), in 1965,a moment ago ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow, 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語- for,since,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,sofar,uptonow,inpastyears,always, 共同的時間狀語:thismorning/afternoon/evening,tonight,thisApril,now,once(曾經(jīng))，before,already,recently=lately(最近)3現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know. 過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried 三值得注意的幾個問題：）動作發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到說話的時候，并且還在延續(xù)時，要用現(xiàn)在完成時， ）指過去的經(jīng)歷，但沒有表示過去的時間狀語，要用現(xiàn)在完成時）以when開頭的特殊疑問句，要用一般過去時，例）just (剛剛)與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，just now (剛才)與一般過去時連用，。）since 作介詞，后面跟時間名詞一起作狀語時，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時；since 作連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。 6）so far，in the last / past 與現(xiàn)在完成時連用四學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時應(yīng)注意的三個區(qū)別1）延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞的區(qū)別 2）since 和 for 的區(qū)別。3）have / has gone to 、 have / has been to 、have / has been in 的區(qū)別。五非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換歸納leave be away frombuyhave borrowkeep diebe deadget upbe upput onbe on come / get backbe back go to townbe in town losebe missing catch a coldhave a coldclosebe closed / notopen openbe open fallill / asleep be ill / asleep begin /startbe on come to be here / thereget /receive a letter fromhave a letter from arrive in （at）/ get to / reachbe here / therejoin the army-be in the army/ be a soldier join the League-be in the League / be a league member 原形 過去試 過去分詞 amareis waswere been bear bore bornbeat beat beaten become became becomebegin began begun break broke broken bring brought broughtbuild built built buy bought boughtcatch caught caught choose chose chosencome came come cost cost costcut cut cut dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawndrink drank drunk drive drove driveneat ate eaten fall fell fallenfeel felt felt fight fought foughtfind found found fly flew flownforget forgot forgetten freeze froze frozenget got got give gave given go went gone grow grew grownhave had had hear heard heardhide hid hidden hit hit hithold held held hurt hurt hurtkeep kept kept know knew knownleave left left let let letlose lost lost make made madeput put put read read read ride rode ridden rise rose risenrun ran run say said saidsee saw seen sell sold soldsend sent sent shake shook shaken sing sang sungsit sat sat sleep slept sleptsmell smelt smelt speak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stood steal stole stolensweep swept sweptswim swam swum take took takenteach taught taught tell told