高考短文改錯技巧答題技巧總結(jié)精華版.doc

高考短文改錯技巧，答題技巧總結(jié)1， 名詞：主要是查名詞是否可數(shù)， 與其修飾語是否一致。名詞數(shù)eg: 1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music. Hobby是可數(shù)名詞，在這要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；playing football是一項運動，football只是一種球； sing和listen to 要用動名詞形式。 2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作運動講是不可數(shù)名詞，do exercise作主語要用動名詞形式，謂動用單數(shù)；healthy是形容詞， 這里要用名詞形式。 3) Reading books is one of my hobby. one of 后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2. 代詞：對于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指代的內(nèi)容及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致，?？嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等。1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.前面提到的是he而后面卻用her來代，故應(yīng)將her改為him. 2).This is the best film which I have ever seen. 先行詞前有最高級修飾應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that 而不是which。3. 冠詞：英語中只有三個冠詞，但用起來卻很復(fù)雜，在短文改錯中，錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用，不該用時卻用了；該用an用了a，該用a(n)卻用了the.1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the thingsletter為可數(shù)名詞,故write后應(yīng)加a. 2) I like playing the football. 去the 3) He is a honest boy. a改為an4，介詞：檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動詞、 形容詞、名詞的搭配，介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.thank sb. for sth.為固定搭配，故應(yīng)將with 改為for.2) Im the happiest in all.此句想表達(dá)的意思是“我是所有人中最高興的”。故應(yīng)將in改為 of. 3) Under the help of my father, I under 改為 with 4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改為on5， 形容詞、副詞：形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞，該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時就要仔細(xì)分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么，形式是否正確，是原級、比較級還是最高級。形容詞、副詞誤用也是?？嫉母腻e項目之一。注意形和副1) I had not interest in English .interest是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞no來修飾，而not是副詞，副詞不能修飾名2) These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.(NMET2007)此處有Ive ever seen限定，應(yīng)用最高級，故happier應(yīng)改為 happiest.3) You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改為easily.4) These books are very worth reading. 用well 修飾6，連詞：短文改錯中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等。1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting. 由于前句有As引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，因此后句不能再用so,故應(yīng)把so 去掉。 2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people. 根據(jù)上下文意思判斷，前后兩個并列分句不存在意義上的折，所以but應(yīng)改為and或so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用。7，動詞：動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤；易混動詞的用法錯誤; 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤；動詞的非謂語形式，以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。在改錯題中，動詞方面的考查比例較大。動詞形1) 動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.take photos動作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用過去時. b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days. 根據(jù)本句意義，should后應(yīng)加上been，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。c. In school, I often playing football for my friends. playing改為 play; for 改為with2) 易混動詞使用錯誤a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didnt listen. persuade 意為“說服”，強調(diào)成功的結(jié)果，而根據(jù)下句 he didnt listen可知，勸說并沒有成功，故應(yīng)改persuaded為 advised.b. You please rise your hands. rise是不及物動詞，而raise是及物動詞，所以舉手應(yīng)用 raise your hands.這屬于及物動詞與不及物動詞的誤用。3) 非謂語動詞使用錯誤a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party. look forward to 中的to是介詞，應(yīng)加動名詞，將see改為seeing.b. Im sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.在任何情況下keep均和doing連用，如keep doing sth.; keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep from doing 等.c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.to后加be。因其后是名詞，而不是動詞原形，不能直接用to.8，詞語固定搭配:主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動詞的固定搭配；及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞，英語中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“寫日記”.2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To ones surprise 是固定搭配3) I thought that was dull to watch a game(NMET2005)此題考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。4) the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析： not only but also為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故將and 改為but.5) I have no difficulty learn maths.have difficulty (in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)6) He spends too much time play games.spend some time (in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)(二) 句法的測試：1主謂語在數(shù)上的一致；I hope everything are ok with you. are 改為is2名詞性從句；A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是連詞，在從句中無任何意義，而后面的賓語從句缺賓語，用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句作賓語從句的賓語。 3定語從句；This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.them改為 which4強調(diào)句型；It is/was +被強調(diào)的部分+that/whoIt was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改為that5句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對等性及邏輯性。(三)語篇的測試 語篇的測試包括：1上下文中的時態(tài)是否一致；2上下文中的代詞是否一致；3上下文中的邏輯是否一致；4上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。1Dear David,I have recently felt guilty, stay sleepless at night. You may wonder how. To tell you the truth, it is just because of the fact that I seldom cheat in exams and I just cant stop me. In many exams, I used cellphones to surf the net for answer. Besides, I sometimes referred them to my notebooks so copied something. As you know, cheating do much harm to our learning and self-confidence. Its time that I take action to stop it. I would appreciate it you could offer me some advice.Looking forward to your reply!2My father and I am taking a camping trip in July1._and August. We will travel for about two months but2._will tour the United States and parts of the Canada. We3._have decided to camp because it does not spend as much4._as vacationing in hotels, but we had to plan carefully. I5._think the car what we are going to drive is very small, so6._we decide to take only one small suitcase for both of them7._and as few camping things as possibly. We will take some8._medicine with us prevent insects from hurting us, and also9._some food for picnics. Im sure that we will have fun.10._Tom is a little boy, but he is only seven years old. One day he1._went to the cinema. It was the first time for him to do that. He2._bought a ticket and then went out. But after two or three minutes3._he came out and bought the second ticket and went in again. After a4._few minutes he comes out again and bought a third ticket. Two5._or three minutes later he came out and asked another ticket.6._Then the girl in the ticket office who asked him, “Why do you7._buy so many ticket? How many friends do you meet？” Tom8._answered，”No, I have not friends here. But a big boy always 9._stops me at the door and tear my ticket to pieces.”10._3The other day I happen to read an eighty-word passage about details. I found it prettily good. One who wants to achieve great success should pay attentions to details. Sometimes it is the details in that determine our success, for it has a great impact on what were doing. We should form the habit of being careful, so a careful person rarely overlooks details. Whats more, we should learn to keep balance of quantity and quality. When facing with lots of work, the faster we do them, the more mistakes we usually make. In that case we are possible to neglect the details. So we should remember that quality comes first, without that quantity is of no importance. 4We all know that healthy is very important to us. Both1._study and work depend by strong bodies. Doing sports2._and games helps us keep strong and healthy. If we do not3._take any exercise, we may feel tired but get sick easily.4._Theres many different kinds of sports we can do them，5._such as playing ball games, running, walking and swim.6._However, now we have too much homewor