中石油職稱英語課文講稿1-60第01課 (51).doc

大家論壇中石油職稱英語/forum-346-1.html52. Chinas Roadmapn.路線圖 . 中國繪制經(jīng)濟(jì)路線圖、1. China is about to adoptv.采納,采取 its 11th five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuationn.繼續(xù),持續(xù) of probably the most remarkableadj.不尋常的 economic transformationn.轉(zhuǎn)變 in history. while improving the well-beingn.幸福 of almost a quarter of the worlds population. Never before has the world seen such sustained持續(xù)的 growth; never before has there been so much povertyn.貧窮 reduction. 1、中國即將實(shí)施第十一個五年規(guī)劃。這是旨在造福于世界近14的人口，為或許是歷史上最為可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的持續(xù)發(fā)展所做的準(zhǔn)備。在世界范圍內(nèi)這樣可持續(xù)的發(fā)展前所未見，如此大規(guī)模的脫貧亦史無前例。單詞：adopt采納，采取； transformation =轉(zhuǎn)變； sustain持續(xù)； poverty貧窮； 2. Part of the key to Chinas long-run success has been its almost uniqueadj.獨(dú)一無二的 combinationn.結(jié)合 of pragmatismn.實(shí)用主義 and visionn.遠(yuǎn)見. While much of the rest of the developing world, following the Washington Consensusn.(意見等的)一致, has been directed at a quixotica.不切實(shí)際的 quest追求 for higher GDP, China has once again made clear that it seeks sustainablea.可持續(xù)的 and more equitable合理的 increases in real living standards. 2、中國長期的成功發(fā)展，部分原因在于其近乎無可比擬地將遠(yuǎn)見卓識與腳踏實(shí)地合而為一。華盛頓共識形成后，在其他發(fā)展中國家都不切實(shí)際地致力于提高國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值時，中國再次重申，人民實(shí)際生活水平的持續(xù)、均衡提高，才是其追求的目標(biāo)。單詞：unique獨(dú)一無二的；vision遠(yuǎn)見； sustainable可持續(xù)的； 3. China realizes that it has entered a phase階段 of economic growth that is imposing enormous-and unsustainable-demands on the environment. Unless there is a change in course, living standards will eventually be compromised(compromise):妥協(xié). That is why the new five-year plan places great emphasis on the environment. 3、 中國意識到其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展已進(jìn)入了給環(huán)境造成沉重負(fù)擔(dān)的階段，這個負(fù)擔(dān)甚至讓發(fā)展難以為繼。除非改變做法，否則將最終危及人民生活水平的提高。這也是新的五年規(guī)劃把環(huán)境問題當(dāng)作重中之重的原因所在。單詞：phase：階段， phrase:短語；單詞：compromise妥協(xié)； 4. Even many of the more backward parts of China have been growing at a pace that would be a marvel奇跡, were it not for the fact that other parts of the country are growing even more rapidly. While this has reduced povertyn.貧窮, inequalityn.不平等 has been increasing, with growing disparities(disparity):差異 between cities and ruraladj.農(nóng)村的 areas, and between coastal regions and the interior內(nèi)地. 4、即使中國許多更為落后的地區(qū)在以令人驚異的速度發(fā)展，也不能就此忽視這個國家的其他地區(qū)發(fā)展速度更為迅捷的事實(shí)。隨著城市和農(nóng)村、沿海和內(nèi)地差距的增大，在削減貧窮的同時，不平等也在加劇。分析：interior內(nèi)地； internal :內(nèi)部的，國內(nèi)的；單詞：marvel奇跡；inequality不平等； rural農(nóng)村的； 5. This years World Bank World Development Report explains why inequalityn.不平等, not just povertyn.貧窮, should be a concern, and Chinas 11th five-year plan attacks處理 the problem head-on迎面. The government has for several years talked about a more harmoniousa.和諧的 society, and the plan describes ambitious programs for achieving this. 5、今年世界銀行的世界發(fā)展報告說明了人們?yōu)楹胃撽P(guān)注不平等問題，而不光是貧窮問題。中國第十一個五年規(guī)劃，也著手正面解決這個問題。近年來政府一直宣傳建立更和諧社會，第十一個五年規(guī)劃則描述了實(shí)現(xiàn)和諧社會的宏圖大計(jì)。6. China recognizes, too, that what separates less developed from more developed countries is not only a gap差距 in resources, but also a gap in knowledge. So it has laid out bolda.大膽的 plans not only to reduce that gap, but to create a basis for independenta.獨(dú)立的 innovationn.創(chuàng)新. 6、中國也認(rèn)識到，落后國家和發(fā)達(dá)國家不僅在資源上存在著差距，在知識上也同樣有相當(dāng)距離。因此中國制定了大膽的計(jì)劃，不僅要縮小這個差距，還要為獨(dú)立創(chuàng)新奠定基礎(chǔ)。分析：lay out設(shè)計(jì)，制定；單詞：recognize認(rèn)識； gap差距； bold大膽的； 7. Chinas role in the world and the worlds economy has changed, and the plan reflects(reflect):v.反映 this, too. Its future growth will have to be based more on domestic demand than on exports, which will require increases in consumptionn.消費(fèi). Indeed, China has a rareadj.罕見的 problem: excessiveadj.過多的 savings. People save partly because of weaknesses in government social-insurance programs; strengthening social security (pensions(pension):n.養(yǎng)老金) and public health and education will simultaneously(simultaneous):a.同時的 reduce social inequalities不平等, increase citizens sense of well-beingn.幸福, and promotev.促進(jìn) current consumption. 7、中國在全球和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中扮演的角色已經(jīng)改變，這一點(diǎn)在五年規(guī)劃中也有所反映。中國未來的發(fā)展將不得不更多地依靠國內(nèi)需求而非出口，這就需要擴(kuò)大國內(nèi)消費(fèi)。的確，中國面對的問題十分罕見：那就是儲蓄過多。人們大量儲蓄的部分原因在于政府的社會保險計(jì)劃存在缺陷，強(qiáng)化社會保險(養(yǎng)老金)、公共衛(wèi)生和教育之際，亦將減少社會不平等，增強(qiáng)人們的幸福感并促進(jìn)時下消費(fèi)。單詞：reflect反映； consumption消費(fèi)； excessive過多的；simultaneously同時地； 8. If successful-and, so far, China has almost always surpassed(surpass):v.超過 even its own high expectations期望-these adjustments may impose enormous strains(strain):n.壓力 on a global economic system that is already unbalanced by the US huge fiscaladj.財政的 and trade deficits(deficit):n.赤字. If China saves less-and if, as officials have announced, it pursues(pursue):v.追求 a more diversified(diversify):vt.使多樣化 policy of investing its reserves-who will finance the US trade deficitn.赤字 of more than US$2 billion a day? This is a topic for another day, but that day may not be far off. 8、一直以來，中國幾乎每次都能夠超額完成自己設(shè)定的最高日標(biāo)。眼下的目標(biāo)如果實(shí)現(xiàn)，這些調(diào)整可能會給因美國的巨額財政和貿(mào)易赤字導(dǎo)致本已失衡的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)體系帶來巨大壓力。如果中國的儲蓄減少，如果像其官方公布的，中國實(shí)行-種更多樣的儲蓄投資政策，那么誰將認(rèn)購美國一天20多億美元的貿(mào)易赤字?這個問題目前似乎并非迫在眉睫，但我們距離那天已為時不遠(yuǎn)。單詞：surpass超越； expectation期望； adjustment調(diào)整； deficit赤字； diversify使多樣化； 9. With such a clear vision of the future, the challenge will be implementationn.執(zhí)行. China is a large country, and it could not have succeeded as it has without widespread decentralization分權(quán). But decentralization raises problems of its own. 9、中國對未來具有如此明確的遠(yuǎn)見卓識，挑戰(zhàn)則在寸：如何貫徹落實(shí)。中國幅員遼闊，沒有廣泛的分權(quán)不會成功。但權(quán)力分散又會產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的問題。單詞：implementation執(zhí)行； 10. Greenhouse gases, for example, are global problems. While the US says that it cannot afford to do anything about it, Chinas senior officials have acted more responsiblyad.負(fù)責(zé)地. Within a month of the adoption采用 of the plan, new environmental taxes on cars, gasoline, and wood products were imposed: China was using market-based mechanisms機(jī)制 to address its and the worlds environmental problems. 10、例如，溫室氣體排放是個全球性的問題。在美國宣稱對此無能為力之時，中國高級官員表現(xiàn)了更負(fù)責(zé)任的行為。在規(guī)劃被采納后的一個月內(nèi)，中國政府就對汽車、汽油和木制品征收了新的環(huán)境稅：中國正利用市場機(jī)制解決其自身和世界的環(huán)境問題。單詞：responsibly負(fù)責(zé)地； adoption采納； 11. But the pressures on local government officials to deliver economic growth and jobs will be enormous. They will be sorely強(qiáng)烈的 tempted(tempt):v.試探 to argue that, If the US cannot afford to produce in a way that preserves保護(hù) our planet, how can we? To translate its vision into action, the Chinese government will need strong policies, such as the environmental taxes already imposed. 11、但這對要發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會的地方官員造成巨大的壓力。他們會很自然地辯解說：“如果美國不能以環(huán)保方式生產(chǎn)，我們又怎么能夠做到?”為了把遠(yuǎn)見變成行動，中國政府需要推行強(qiáng)有力的政策，已經(jīng)開始征收的環(huán)境稅即為一例。單詞：preserve保護(hù)；12. As China has moved towards a market economy, it has developed some of the problems that have plagued(plague):困擾 the developed countries: special interests that clothe n.隱藏self-serving arguments behind a thin veiln.面紗 of market ideologyn.意識形態(tài). 12、隨著中國向市場經(jīng)濟(jì)過渡，一直困擾發(fā)達(dá)國家的問題也在中國顯現(xiàn)：在薄薄的市場意識的面紗后，隱藏著有自私自利企圖的特殊利益集團(tuán)。單詞：plague紛擾； ideology意識形態(tài) 13. Some will argue for trickle滴-down economics: Dont worry about the poor, eventually everybody will benefit from growth. And some will opposevt.反對 competition policy and strong corporate企業(yè)的 governancen.監(jiān)管 laws: Let Darwinian survival work its wonders. Growth arguments will be advanced to counter反對 strong social and environmental policies: Higher gasoline taxes, for example, will kill our nascenta.新生的 auton.汽車 industry. 13、有些人可能主張滴入式經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)；不必為窮人擔(dān)心，每個人最終都會從經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中獲益。有些人可能會反對競爭政策，反對強(qiáng)有力的企業(yè)監(jiān)管法律，主張讓達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論的適者生存顯現(xiàn)奇效。反對強(qiáng)化社會與環(huán)保政策的言論會日漸突出，比如有人會說，高額的燃油稅會扼殺我們新生的汽車工業(yè)。單詞：oppose反對； nascent新生的； 14. Such allegedly(alleged):所謂地 pro-growth policies would not only fail to deliver growth; they would threaten the entire vision of Chinas future. There is only one way to prevent this: open discussion of economic policies in order to exposev.暴露 fallacies(fallacy):n.錯誤 and provide scope范圍 for creative solutions to the many challenges facing China today. US President George W. Bush has shown the dangers of excessiveadj.過分的 secrecy and confining(confine):v.限制 decision-making決策 to a narrow circle of sycophants諂媚者. Most people outside China do not fully appreciatevt.體會，理解 the extentn.程度 to which its leaders, by contrast, have engaged in extensive deliberations協(xié)商 and broad consultations(consultation)咨詢 (even with foreigners) as they strivev.努力,奮斗 to solve the enormous problems they face. 14、然而，這些所謂的主張發(fā)展的政策不僅不能帶來發(fā)展，還會威脅到事關(guān)中國未來的完整的遠(yuǎn)景規(guī)劃。阻止的辦法只有一個：那就是公開探討經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。只有這樣才能揭穿謬論，有可能為當(dāng)今中國所面臨的諸多挑戰(zhàn)制定有創(chuàng)意的