2019年高中英語(yǔ)Module5EthnicCultureSectionⅢGrammar—過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教案外研版選修7.docx

Section Grammar 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ) 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)Seen from above, the old town is a maze of canals, little bridges and tiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in.Not invited, he became very disappointed.Completely rebuilt, the town would not be so interesting.Beaten by the opposite team, we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter.The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain, its peak covered with snow.A big fire broke out last night in that village.When he read the book, he came across many new words.我的發(fā)現(xiàn)(1)句中，黑體部分均在句中作狀語(yǔ)，分別表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨。(2)由句可知，過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其否定形式通常是在過(guò)去分詞前加not。(3)句中分詞作狀語(yǔ)，有自己獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)，這叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。(4)句中黑體部分為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。一、過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)1過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))在句中作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、方式、讓步、結(jié)果。2過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))在句中作狀語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的完成和被動(dòng)。3過(guò)去分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，有些形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞，如surprised, lost, wellknown等，表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。Lost in the forest, you should first of all remain where you are, waiting for help to come.(表示時(shí)間)當(dāng)你在森林里迷路的時(shí)候，首先你應(yīng)該待在你原來(lái)的地方，等待救援的到來(lái)。The child learns fast, well brought up by his parents.(表示原因)由于受到父母良好的教育，這個(gè)孩子學(xué)得很快。The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students.(表示伴隨)老師站在那里，身邊圍著很多學(xué)生。They went out in such bad weather, caught in a heavy rain halfway.(表示結(jié)果)他們?cè)谶@么惡劣的天氣里出門，結(jié)果在半路遇上了大雨。Given more time, we would do it much better.(表示條件)如果再多給點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我們就能做得更好。Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder.(表示讓步)盡管被對(duì)方打敗了，隊(duì)員們沒(méi)有泄氣，而是更加努力訓(xùn)練。即時(shí)演練1(1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換Because she was born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling.Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling. Though he is encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse. The patient was supported by the nurse and got off the bed. (2)完成句子(2016北京高考改編)Ordered over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.這些書(shū)是一個(gè)多星期以前訂購(gòu)的，現(xiàn)在有望隨時(shí)到貨。Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨，所以他全身濕透了。Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多澆點(diǎn)水，這些大白菜還可以長(zhǎng)的更好。(安徽高考改編)Founded in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.這所建于20世紀(jì)初期的學(xué)校一直激勵(lì)孩子們對(duì)藝術(shù)的熱愛(ài)。4過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)需注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題(1)過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，和句子主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，和句子主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系；不定式作狀語(yǔ)，一般表示目的。請(qǐng)比較：Seen from the top of the tower, the city looks more beautiful.從塔頂上看，這座城市更漂亮。(主語(yǔ)the city和see之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)Seeing from the top of the tower, we can get a wonderful view of the city. 從塔頂我們可以飽覽這座城市的美景。(主語(yǔ)we和see之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)To get a wonderful view of the city, we climbed to the top of the tower. 為了飽覽這座城市的美景， 我們爬上了塔頂。(不定式表示目的)(2)過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)必須保持一致，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)下列例句：當(dāng)被問(wèn)及為什么會(huì)遲到時(shí)，她的臉漲得通紅。Asked why she was late, her face went red.()Asked why she was late, she went red in the face.()小偷如果被抓，會(huì)受到警方的懲處。If caught, the police will punish the thief. ()If caught, the thief will be punished by the police. ()(3)有些分詞已成為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)使用時(shí)應(yīng)按固定結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)待，不必考慮它們與主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。常用的有：judging by/from .“根據(jù)判斷；由斷定”； generally/honestly/frankly speaking“一般/老實(shí)/坦率說(shuō)來(lái)”；provided (that) . (providing that .)“假如；在條件下”； given .“倘若；假定等”； considering (that) .“考慮到”； supposing (that) .“如果”Judging by/from his accent, he must be from the South.從他的口音判斷，他一定是南方人。I will agree to go provided/providing that you go with me.假如你陪我一起去，我就同意去。(4)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)應(yīng)保持一致。但當(dāng)分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，分詞要有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種主語(yǔ)常常是名詞或代詞，置于動(dòng)詞ing形式或動(dòng)詞ed形式之前。這種“名詞/代詞動(dòng)詞ing/動(dòng)詞ed”結(jié)構(gòu)在語(yǔ)法上被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。此時(shí)分詞形式的選擇取決于名詞/代詞與動(dòng)詞ing/動(dòng)詞ed形式所表示動(dòng)作的邏輯關(guān)系，如果它們之間表示主動(dòng)或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，選擇現(xiàn)在分詞；如果它們之間表示被動(dòng)或完成，選擇過(guò)去分詞。Spring coming on, the trees turned green.春天來(lái)了，樹(shù)變綠了。The question settled, they felt released.問(wèn)題解決了，他們感覺(jué)輕松了。即時(shí)演練2(1)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Compared (compare) with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.When first introduced (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success.Having finished the interview, the manager went to his office, followed (follow) by the interviewer.Finding (find) her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.Driven (drive) by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more greenhouses.(2)單句改錯(cuò)Judged by/from her dresses, she must be from a rich family. JudgedJudgingI will agree to the project, provide that my expenses are paid. provideprovided/providingFacing with so many difficulties, he had a hard time those days. FacingFaced或去掉with(全國(guó)卷改編)The party will be held in the garden, weather permitted.permittedpermitting二、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1動(dòng)詞副詞該類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有的只可用作及物動(dòng)詞，有的只可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，有的既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。He brought up his children strictly.他嚴(yán)格教育孩子們。(及物動(dòng)詞)Something unexpected has turned up.出現(xiàn)了令人意外的情況。(不及物動(dòng)詞)The barrel of gunpowder blew up.火藥桶爆炸了。(不及物動(dòng)詞)The soldiers blew up the bridge.士兵們把橋炸毀了。(及物動(dòng)詞)名師點(diǎn)津在“動(dòng)詞副詞”的詞組中賓語(yǔ)位置：賓語(yǔ)是名詞，則可置于副詞后面，亦可置于動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。賓語(yǔ)是代詞，只能置于動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。即時(shí)演練3(1)寫(xiě)出下列短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞break down(機(jī)器)損壞；破壞；精神崩潰；身體垮掉give up 放棄；戒掉；停止bring up 撫養(yǎng)；教育；培養(yǎng)；提出carry out 執(zhí)行；實(shí)施go over 復(fù)習(xí)/過(guò)一遍insist on 堅(jiān)持要/堅(jiān)決主張break in 破門而入；打斷(談話)die out 滅絕，滅亡(2)完成句子(2016江蘇高考改編)Many businesses started up by college students have taken off (開(kāi)始成功) thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.They were so far away that I couldnt make out their faces (我無(wú)法辨認(rèn)他們的臉) clearly.We set out to find the truth (著手尋找真相) behind the mystery.2動(dòng)詞介詞動(dòng)詞與介詞構(gòu)成的詞組在詞義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)總是在介詞后面。I dont much care for television.我不太喜歡看電視。(care forlike)He has been asked to account for his absence.他已被要求說(shuō)明缺席的原因。He is a man to be depended on.他是個(gè)靠得住的人。即時(shí)演練4(1)翻譯下列短語(yǔ)believe in信任/信賴/信仰belong to . 屬于 care about 對(duì)關(guān)心/感興趣come across 走過(guò)來(lái)；偶然遇到/找到count on . 信賴/指望go through 通過(guò)lie in . 在于prepare for . 為做準(zhǔn)備(2)選詞填空suffer from, look into, think of, set about, search forWe never thought of such success when we first started. The unemployed will search for jobs online.A quarter of children in the country suffer from malnutrition.That evening he set about writing a report on pollution.A working party has been set up to look into the problem.3動(dòng)詞副詞介詞在這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞、副詞、介詞緊密結(jié)合，是動(dòng)副詞組和動(dòng)介詞組的合成體，詞義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。它兼有以上兩類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，但賓語(yǔ)總是位于介詞之后。We must work hard to make up for the lost time.我們必須努力工作來(lái)彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)間。There are some things that teachers will not put up with.有些事情教師是不會(huì)容忍的。即時(shí)演練5(1)寫(xiě)出下列短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞do away with廢棄；廢除get on/along with 與相處catch up with 趕上；跟上add up to 總計(jì)達(dá)break away from 從脫離；打破fit in with 適應(yīng)/符合(2)完成句子Young adults must break away from their parents control in order to achieve independence.為了得到自立，年輕人必須擺脫父母對(duì)他們的支配。Nothing can make up for the loss of a child.失去一個(gè)孩子是任何東西都無(wú)法彌補(bǔ)的。I can put up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.我能忍受房子不整齊，但如果不干凈的話，我不喜歡。4動(dòng)詞名詞介詞這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)只用作及物動(dòng)詞。名詞前可加形容詞說(shuō)明程度，賓語(yǔ)總是位于介詞之后。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？捎糜诒粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，并且有些可以有兩種形式。In some countries, people are making use of the heat in the center of the earth.The heat in the center of the earth is being made use of in some countries.Use is being made of the heat in the center of the earth in some countries.在一些國(guó)家，人們正在利用地球中心的熱能。即時(shí)演練6(1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換They have made a terrible mess of the house. A terrible mess has been made of the house by them.The house has been made a terrible mess of by them.Mary took good care of the children. Good care was taken of the children by Mary. The children were taken good care of by Mary.(2)完成句子So we fixed our eyes on the professor (我們都盯著教授) giving us a lecture.Tom has trouble in expressing himself (在表達(dá)自己方面有困難) in public. Dont make fun of the child (嘲笑那個(gè)孩子) with a disability. 5其他短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(1)動(dòng)詞名詞這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞是have, take, give, make等，后面的名詞通常是從動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的動(dòng)作名詞，并表達(dá)了短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的真正意義。have a look 看一看have a try 試一試make an appointment 約會(huì)take place 發(fā)生make way 前進(jìn)make a discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn)Lets have another try.讓我們?cè)僭囈幌?。You should make an apology to him for your rudeness.你應(yīng)該為你的粗魯向他道歉。(2)be形容詞介詞be形容詞(包括過(guò)去分詞作形容詞)介詞，賓語(yǔ)位于介詞后面，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的真正詞義取決于形容詞。I know he is slow at understanding, so you have to be patient with him.我知道他理解力差，所以你得對(duì)他耐心些。(3)動(dòng)詞反身代詞介詞help oneself to隨便吃give oneself to 專心于dress oneself in 穿著break oneself to 突破自己throw oneself into 投身于即時(shí)演練7介詞填空be late for 遲到be angry with sb. 生某人的氣be busy with 忙于be short for 是的簡(jiǎn)稱be interested in 對(duì)感興趣be famous for 因而著名be good at 擅長(zhǎng)be different from 與不同be good/bad for 對(duì)有益/害be friendly to 對(duì)友好occupy oneself with 忙于devote oneself to 專心；致力于；獻(xiàn)身.單句語(yǔ)法填空1Offered (offer) important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.2Seen (see) from the top of the mountain, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.3It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of two missing children.4They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of traffic.5Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.6The house painted (paint), he was tired.7With all things considered (consider), her proposal is of great importance.8Some medicines, if wrongly taken (take), can kill a person. 9Can you tell me when the new edition is coming out?10(2017江蘇高考改編)Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor.選用方框內(nèi)合適的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)并用其正確形式填空be aware of， come across， go back to， get up， look out， talk about， hear from， be familiar withLast summer I went to the seaside to spend my holiday with my family.One day, I was swimming in the sea when someone shouted，“1.Look out.There is a shark not far away！” On hearing that, I was scared to death because I 2.was aware of its dangerous characteristics.“Dont worry，Tom！” my father said to me，“but in order to avoid being harmed, lets 3.go back to our hotel.”We stayed at the seaside for about two weeks in all.Though the weather was much hotter than in my hometown, I got used to it and felt at home.Every morning, I 4.got up earlier than my parents and went for breakfast ahead of time.Then I went to see