初中英語名詞考點小結(jié)ppt課件

.,1,初中英語名詞考點小結(jié)Ihopeeveryonecanmakesuccessineducationexam.Ms.Zhang,.,2,專有名詞（ProperNouns）普通名詞(CommonNouns）專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。,名詞的分類,.,3,1）個體名詞（IndividualNouns）：表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：student,desk,apple。2）集體名詞（CollectiveNouns）：表示若干個個體組成的集合體，如：class,team,family。3）物質(zhì)名詞（MaterialNouns）：表示無法分為個體的實物，如：rice,water,milk。4）抽象名詞（AbstractNouns）：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：love,life,work。,普通名詞又分為四類,.,4,個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞（CountableNouns）物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞（UncountableNouns）,所以一般情況下我們所說的名詞復數(shù)指的就是可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)問題,.,5,一般情況加-s1.清輔音后讀/s/map-mapsbook-books2.濁輔音和元音后讀/z/bag-bagscar-cars,名詞復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(1),.,6,以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的詞加-es讀/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches,bridge-bridges以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞加-s讀/iz/exercise-exercises,名詞復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(2),.,7,以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞變復數(shù)時，直接加-s變復數(shù)：twoMarystheHenrysmonkey-monkeysholiday-holidays,以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加es讀/z/baby-babiesfactory-factories,名詞復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(3),.,8,以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復數(shù)時：a.加-sroof-roofsb.去f,fe加-vesthief-thieveswife-wivesknife-kniveswolf-wolvesshelf-shelveshalf-halvesleaf-leaveslife-lives,名詞復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(4),總結(jié)：小偷和妻子用架子上的小刀結(jié)束了狼和樹葉的半條命,.,9,atomato,sometomatoes,somepotatoes,someheroes,初中階段以o結(jié)尾的名詞復數(shù)主要是加-s,只有這幾個加-es:Heroeslovetomatoesandpotatoes.,名詞復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(5),.,10,foot-feet,child-children,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,名詞復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(1),goose-geese,總結(jié)：牙腳鵝,.,11,名詞復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(2),man-men,woman-women,mendoctors,womenteachers,.,12,aGerman,someGermans,American-AmericansAustralian-AustraliansCanadian-Canadians,somepolicemen,apoliceman,EnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen,一些需要強調(diào)的表示人的名詞復數(shù),.,13,onesheep,twosheep,aChinese,twoChinese,aJapanese,severalJapanese,名詞復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(3):單復數(shù)形式相同,總結(jié)：羊鹿魚,.,14,onefish一條魚,fishes不同種類的魚各種各樣的魚,threefish三條魚,somefish一些魚肉,可數(shù)名詞,不可數(shù)名詞,名詞復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(4):“fish”,想一想：我們學過的名詞還有哪些和fish的用法相同？,.,15,必須注意的若干名詞方面的問題(1)a.有些詞既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)但意思不同:paper報紙/試卷/文件/講義紙張time次數(shù)/倍數(shù)時間glass玻璃杯玻璃room房間空間fish魚魚肉b.有些詞雖以-s結(jié)尾但卻是單數(shù):news,math(s),physics,politics,.c.有些詞始終是復數(shù)形式:people(人們),clothes,trousers,glasses(眼鏡),works(著作),times(時代).有些詞通常都是復數(shù)形式:shoes,gloves,.,16,d.people有兩種意思:人/人們;民族Thereare56peoplesinChina.民族(加-s構(gòu)成復數(shù))Thereare56peopleintheroom.人(們)(本身就是復數(shù))e.這些是最常見的不可數(shù)名詞,一般都沒有復數(shù)形式news,information,weather,work(工作),bread,knowledge,advice,fun但是可以加上一些表示單位的名詞來夠成短語:a_ofpaper/bread/meat/work/advicea_oftea/coffeea_ofwater/milka_ofglasses/trousers/gloves,必須注意的若干名詞方面的問題(2),piececupglass/bottlepair,.,17,a.“數(shù)詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的合成詞作定語時該名詞用單數(shù)形式atwo-monthholidayan8-year-oldboytheboys400-metrerace,必須注意的特殊用法,b.關(guān)于幾個表示數(shù)量的單位詞hundreds/thousands/millionsofpeople9hundred/thousand/millionpeople,總結(jié)：數(shù)字連字符用原型,總結(jié)：確切數(shù)字用原型，概述s加of,.,18,中考有關(guān)名詞的試題,1、These_havesavedmanychildrenslives.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctor2、Thisis_bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.AnnesandJanesC.AnnesandJaneD.AnneandJanes3、-Arethereany_onthefarm?-Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep4、-Whatwouldyouliketodrink,_ororange?-Orange,please.A.hamburgerB.chipC.tea5、_turnyellowinautumn.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs,C,D,D,C,B,.,19,6、Helpyourselvestosome_,dearchildren!A.fishsB.fishesC.fishD.thefish7、-Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem_?-Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters8、Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_?A.ChildrensDayB.ChildrenssDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrenDay9、_hardworkitis!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa10、Imettwo_inthestreetyesterdaymorning.A.GermanB.AustralianC.AmericanD.Japanese11、_aregoingtoEnglandforaholiday.A.TheWangB.WangsC.TheWangsD.TheWangs,C,B,A,C,D,D,.,20,根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞。1.“Whatsyourn_?”“LiLei.”2.Howmanyd_doesyourunclehave?3.Pleaseclosethew_.Itscoldoutside.4.IfyouwantstudyEnglishwell,youmustpayattentiontoyourp_.5.Acomputerisoneofthegreatesti_intheworld.6.ZhangHuiisveryexcited.HewillgotoJapanwithhisp_duringtheSpringFestival.7.Atthea_ofseven,thelonelygirlhadtoworktomakeliving.8.Itsonlyaboutanh_flightfromQingdaotoBeijingbyair.9.He