語言學(xué)試卷2[3頁]

1、1. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is _C_. A. logical B. non-arbitrary C. arbitrary D. non-productive2. Chomsky uses the term _B_to refer to the actual use of a language users knowledge of the rules of his language in concr

2、ete situation. A. langue B. Performance C. parole D. competence 3. What kind of function does the sentence “How do you do?” have? BA. Directive B. Phatic C. Informative D. Evocative4. _B_refers to the fact that the language users can understand and produce sentences they have never heard before. A.

3、Duality B. Creativity C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness5. _C_ phonetics is the study of the production of speech sounds.A. Auditory B. Acoustic C. Articulatory D. Visional6. In which way is the vowel u described? BA. tense high central rounded vowel B.lax high back rounded vowel C.lax mid back rounde

4、d vowel D.tense high central rounded vowel7. Which of the following pairs belongs to the minimal pair? C A. tink-din B. vase-case C. tin-till D. pea-appear8. p ph never occur at the same place of words, that is, ph never appears after the sound s. They are said to be in_A_. A. complementary distribu

5、tion B. free variation C. contrastive distribution D. free distribution9. In the theory of “ Semantic triangle”, Ogden and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct. It is mediated by_B_. A. symbol B. Concept C. culture D. thought 10. The utterance Were a

6、lready working 25 hours a day, eight days a week. obviously violates the maxim of _D_. A. manner B. quantity C. relation D. quality11. Speech act theory was first proposed by_A_ . A. John Austin B. John Searle C. Noam Chomsky D. Paul Grice12. The words “bird” and “black” are called _B_because they c

7、an occur unattached. A. derivational morphemes B. free morphemes C. bound morphemes D. inflectional morphemes13. The pair of words “l(fā)end” and “borrow” are_D_. A. gradable antonymy B. co-hyponyms C. synonyms D. converse antonymy 14. The semantic components of the word “man” can be expressed as _C_. A

8、.ANIMATE,HUMAN,MALE,ADULT B.ANIMATEHUMANMALE,ADULTC.ANIMATE,HUMAN,MALE,ADULT D.ANIMATE,HUMAN,MALE,ADULT15. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as_C_. A. function words B. grammatical words C. lexical words D. form words16. What is the construction of the sentence “The girl laughed”? C A. C

9、oordinate B. Endocentric C. Exocentric D. Subordinate17. Of the three speech acts, pragmatists are most interested in the _B_ because this kind of speech act is identical with the speakers intention. A. locutionary act B. illocutionary act C. perlocutionary act D. constative act18. It is true that t

10、here are no absolute synonyms. When we say two words are synonyms with each other, we usually mean they have the same_A_. A. conceptual meaning B. reference C. connotative meaning D. social meaning19. The word formation of “motel” is_D_. A. acronym B. clipping C. back formation D. blending 20. The t

11、echnique of breaking up sentences into smaller units by making successive binary cutting is called _. A.Predication analysis B.Componential analysis C.Grammatical analysis D.Immediate Constituent Analysis 21. In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds pbm w share the feature of_C_.

12、A. palatal B. dental C. bilabial D. alveolar22. Which of the following doesnt belong to the phenomenon of assimilation? D A. Nasalization B. Dentalization C. Devoicing D. Metathesis23. According to Bloomfield, _A_ is “the minimum free form”, that is, the smallest unit that can constitute a complete

13、utterance by itself. A. word B. sentence C. morpheme D. group24. In Saussures view, language is a system of signs: each sign consists of two parts: _B_ ( concept ) and _ (sound image). A. signifier signified B. signified signifier C. sense symbol D. symbol sense25. In these words receive, perceive,

14、conceive, this part -ceive belongs to _B_. A. suffix B. bound root morpheme C. free root morpheme D. affix 26. Such words as but, if, and, dragon, ghost have _B_. A. both sense and reference B. sense, no reference C. reference, no sense D.have no sense or reference 27. The word bead originally meant

15、 “prayer”, but now it refers to “small, ball-shaped piece of glass, metal or wood.” It is the case of _ of the semantic change in the history. A. broadening B. narrowing C. meaning shift D. class shift 28. The cooperative principle was proposed by_ . A. John Austin B. Paul Grice C. Noam Chomsky D. J

16、ohn Searle29. In the sentence “The boy is smiling”, “boy” can be replaced by girl, child, student grammatically. This relation between one element present and the others absent is called _D_ relation. A. horizontal B. syntagmatic C. chain D. paradigmatic 30. A(n) _D_ is a unit that is of distinctive

17、 value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features. A. Phone B. Sound C. Allophone D. phoneme 1. The clear l and the dark are variants of the phoneme /l/, and they are called the _allophones_of the phoneme /l/.2. A _synchionic_ description takes a fixed instant as its poin

18、t of observation. Most of grammars are of this kind. 3. _Suprasegmentals_ features refer to those aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments such as syllable, stress, tone and intonation. 4. A linguistic study is _descriptive_ if it describes and analyses facts observed; it is _p

19、rescriptive_if it tries to lay down rules for correct use of language.5. _Inflectional_morphemes are attached to words, but they never change their syntactic category.6. _Consonants_ are produced because of an obstruction of the airstream at some place in the oral cavity. The produced sounds are cal

20、led _vowels_ when there is no obstruction, and the airstream can pass through the oral cavity.7. _Derivation_ is one kind of word formation, which shows the relation between roots and affixes. 8. In the sentence “The boy is smiling.”, “boy” can be replaced by girl, child, student grammatically. This

21、 relation between one element present and the others absent is called _paradigmatic/vertical/choice_ relation. 9. In a syllable, the _nuleus_, which is taken by the vowel, must be present; the Onset and the_coda_ may be absent. 10. _Concord_, is also known as agreement, may be defined as the require

22、ment that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories. 11. Generally, there are two ways to do IC analysis: bracketing and _tree_ diagram. 12. Hyponymy is a matter of class membership. The word flower is the _superordinate_ to b

23、oth rose, tulip because of their meaning inclusiveness; conversely, rose or tulip is the _hyponym_ of flower. 13. In Austins speech act theory, _Constatives_ are statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable. _performatives_ are utterances that are, are part of, the doing of an

24、action such as naming, warning, etc. 14. _Syntax_ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language.15. _Reference_ is concerned with the relation between a word and the thing it refers to.F 2. Every word has both sense and reference. We may study

25、meaning in terms of sense andreference. F 3. Entailment is a semantic relation of inclusion; thus the statement He is honest. entails He isvirtuous. F 4. The pairs “normal/ abnormal”, “l(fā)ogical/ illogical” belong to gradable antonymy. T 5. The word “ungentlemanliness” has five morphemes. F 6. Modern

26、linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. T 7. The feature “nasal” is one distinctive feature distinguishing the sounds m, n, from the sounds b, p, s, z, g, k . T 8. Language can be used to for the sheer joy, such as verbal dueling, cross talk, etc. This refers to the recreation

27、al function of language. T 9. The word Jodo is a borrowing word from Japan.T 10. The semantic feature shared by these words “milk, water, alcohol, oil” is +LIQUID. F 11. The conjunctions such as since, when, seldom are invariable words because their numbers are fixed.F 13. The meaning of the compoun

28、d word is the sum total of the meaning of its components.F 14. The structures as boys and girls, coffee or tea dont belong to endocentric construction because we cant find a word serving as head. T 15. The word “holiday” used to mean “holy day in religious English”, but today it means “a day for res

29、t”. This is an example of broadening in semantic change. F 16. Preposition belongs to the closed-class; its membership will never be changed. F 17. The narrow transcription is normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks for general purposes.T 18. A sentence not only has a linear structure b

30、ut also a hierarchical structure. T 19. Immediate constituents refer to the constituents directly below the level of construction. For example, the immediate constituents of the word “l(fā)ovely” are two morphemes: “l(fā)ove” and “ ly”. T 20. In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as /i:/, the larynx is in a state of tension. 1. What does pragmatics study? How does it differ from traditional semantics?2. Do you think that language is human-specific