托福閱讀詞匯有效積累3大方法講解

1、托福閱讀詞匯有效積累3大方法講解 托福閱讀詞匯有效積累3大方法講解, 除了背詞匯書還能這樣學(xué)生詞，下面就和大家分享托福閱讀詞匯有效積累3大方法講解,希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。托福閱讀詞匯有效積累3大方法講解 除了背詞匯書還能這樣學(xué)生詞托福詞匯量除了背單詞書還要靠平時(shí)積累托福詞匯量的提升不能只依賴背單詞書這樣死板的方法，考生平時(shí)的積累也很重要。這種積累的途徑涵蓋了我們從最初學(xué)習(xí)英語到現(xiàn)在讀過的英語*、做過的閱讀和聽力，以及各種雜志、報(bào)刊、電影電視劇等方式接觸到的單詞。這部分詞匯有日常生活類、政經(jīng)類、影視娛樂類等等，當(dāng)然也包括托?？荚囎钚枰囊恍┳匀?、社會(huì)、科技等學(xué)術(shù)類詞匯。需要我們牢記于

2、心的一點(diǎn)是，英語的學(xué)習(xí)，尤其是詞匯，是一個(gè)持續(xù)的過程，不會(huì)因?yàn)槟骋淮慰荚嚩蝗婚_始或者結(jié)束。那么如何有效地積累詞匯呢?1. 選擇喜歡并且合適的材料主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)比被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)更能提高效率且印象更深，這一點(diǎn)相信大家都深有體會(huì)。可供選擇的學(xué)習(xí)材料包括英文視頻、有聲讀物和各類文本。1.1 視頻可以是紀(jì)錄片、電影、演講等形式，尤其是紀(jì)錄片，涉及的題材十分廣泛，能夠補(bǔ)充大量學(xué)科詞匯，對托福的學(xué)習(xí)有很大幫助。1.2 有聲讀物則非?？简?yàn)一個(gè)人的聽力水平和綜合能力，如果聽不懂，就不用談積累詞匯了。所以這種方法并不適合初學(xué)者。初學(xué)者如果覺得難，應(yīng)結(jié)合文本聽材料，不能囫圇吞棗。1.3 前兩種學(xué)習(xí)材料如果合理使用，最終還是要

3、“文本”的形態(tài)，除此之外，文本還包括各類外刊、雜志、名著、翻譯作品等，在選擇上根據(jù)各人的興趣，也是因人而異的。2. 隨時(shí)記錄和整理有些同學(xué)會(huì)習(xí)慣性地把手頭的材料看過一次就擱置一邊，這樣貌似學(xué)到了新知識，但事實(shí)上如果不做記錄和整理，很快就會(huì)遺忘的。所以養(yǎng)成隨時(shí)記錄、定期整理的習(xí)慣也是十分重要的。最簡單的方法是準(zhǔn)備一本可隨身攜帶的小本子，或者電腦常在手邊的話也可以直接建立專門的excel文檔，總之能隨時(shí)找得到即可。3. 培養(yǎng)語境意識我們要積累的詞匯不一定全都是以前沒見過的生詞。托福閱讀詞匯題中常考的就有一詞多義單詞的某一個(gè)釋義，所以我們要積累的，也可能是你知道了意思但卻不知道它具象/抽象用法的詞匯

4、，因而有必要再著重記憶一下。比如，undermine這個(gè)詞，我們知道它有“削弱”(weaken sth./sb. gradually or insidiously)和破壞的意思，也常會(huì)在文本中見到這種意思之下的例句，如：but we must recognize that an escalating nuclear arms race in this region would undermine decades of growth and prosperity.但是有一天我們看到了這樣一句句子：badgers had undermined the foundations of the chur

5、ch.這時(shí)我們可能就會(huì)恍然大悟原來undermine原本的意思是“挖洞”(make a hollow or tunnel beneath sth.)，那么這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們就可以著重積累一下undermine的這一含義。托福閱讀真題原題+題目plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists.

6、 these can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader. the external surfaces of plants

7、, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae. other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize insects.if the physical bar

8、riers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on pl

9、ants. the success of the colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests. other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishme

10、nt of a parasitic relationship. for example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls. these enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi.active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals, although the cellular and m

11、olecular bases are fundamentally different. both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign organism. the most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response. in the hypersen

12、sitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis that is, they become diseased and die after being penetrated by a parasite; the parasite itself subsequently ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry site. several theories have been put forward to explain the bas

13、is of hypersensitive resistance.1. what does the passage mainly discuss?(a) the success of parasites in resisting plant defense mechanisms(b) theories on active plant defense mechanisms(c) how plant defense mechanisms function(d) how the immune system of animals and the defense mechanisms of plants

14、differ2. the phrase subject to in line 1 is closest in meaning to(a) susceptible to(b) classified by(c) attractive to(d) strengthened by3. the word puncture in line 8 is closest in meaning to(a) pierce(b) pinch(c) surround(d) cover .4. the word which in line 12 refers to(a) tissues(b) substances(c)

15、barriers(d) insects5. which of the following substances does the author mention as not necessarily being toxic tothe colorado beetle?(a) resins(b) tannins(c) glycosides(d) alkaloids6. why does the author mention glycoproteins in line 17?(a) to compare plant defense mechanisms to the immune system of

16、 animals(b) to introduce the discussion of active defense mechanisms in plants(c) to illustrate how chemicals function in plant defense(d) to emphasize the importance of physical barriers in plant defense7. the word dramatic in line 23 could best be replaced by(a) striking(b) accurate(c) consistent(

17、d) appealing8. where in the passage does the author describe an active plant-defense reaction?(a) lines 1-3(b) lines 4-6(c) lines 13-15(d) lines 24-279. the passage most probably continues with a discussion of theories on(a) the basis of passive plant defense(b) how chemicals inhibit a parasitic rel

18、ationship.(c) how plants produce toxic chemicals(d) the principles of the hypersensitive response.托福閱讀背景知識匯總之表現(xiàn)派表現(xiàn)派 (expressionism)野獸派之后, 法國有畢加索為首的立體主義, 幾乎在同時(shí)的德國則有表現(xiàn)派(expressionism)興起. 1909年, 表現(xiàn)派的畫家們首次在德國的德勒斯城組織團(tuán)體橋派. 1911年, 康丁斯基(sassily kandinsky)和馬爾克(franz marc)在德國慕尼黑地區(qū)組織黑騎士的美術(shù)團(tuán)體, 標(biāo)榜表現(xiàn)主義從事繪畫創(chuàng)作. 依年代來看, 正值第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后期, 表現(xiàn)派的畫家們看見戰(zhàn)爭的殘酷, 一切的一切被戰(zhàn)爭摧毀. 因此, 他們開始批判的角度來探