自然拼讀法(Phonics)基本規(guī)則;

1、 源自香港 服務(wù)全國(guó) 自然拼讀法(phonics)基本規(guī)則自然拼讀法基本規(guī)則:1.二十六個(gè)字母的讀音 (letter sounds).l 五個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每個(gè)發(fā)兩種音：長(zhǎng)音（其字母音）和短音l y不在單詞開(kāi)頭時(shí)，一般被看做元音 2.單元音單詞拼讀 (consonant-vowel-consonant combinations)如果一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)元音, 且元音不在末尾，這個(gè)元音一般發(fā)短音.如：sam, cat, mat, 等等 l ending consonants l one vowel word, short vowel soundsl begin

2、ning consonants3. 雙元音單詞拼讀(two vowel words):一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里有兩個(gè)元音時(shí)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，前邊一個(gè)元音發(fā)長(zhǎng)音（其字母音），后邊一個(gè)元音不發(fā)音如:make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等4. 雙/三輔音在一起時(shí)的聯(lián)讀 (consonant blends)l beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk,

3、sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)l ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)l words ending in ll, ss, ff l consonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh) 5. 特殊讀法(1)帶元音的特殊讀法(irregular vowels) igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion

4、, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo以上字母組合作為整體音節(jié)發(fā)音。需記住它們所發(fā)的音。examples:l ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)l al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight), e

5、d: u says /ed/:patted, landed, liftedu says /t/: walked, hopped, stoppedu says /d/: cried, played, chewed l er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)l ie (field), ing(king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night, light), irel oi (oil, bo

6、il), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt, oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn), ow (讀音一：cow, now, how, bow；讀音二：bow, low, blow, snow), ou (shout, out, loud) ould (could, would), ough (五種不同的讀音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough), ought, , ous (famous, nervous), l ue (c

7、ruel), ui (fluid)l tion (attention, fiction), sion (passion, expression), l ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le6. 特殊讀法(2)l 如果一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)元音,而且元音在末尾，這個(gè)元音一般發(fā)長(zhǎng)音（其字母音） (vowel at the end)如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor，hibernate 等等。l y在末尾 (作為元音處理）（y at the end）：u 單音節(jié)詞, 沒(méi)有其他元音，y發(fā)”i”(one syllable word

8、, y at the end (pronounced as “i”): my, why, fly, skyu 多音節(jié)詞, y發(fā)”e” 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “e”): daddy, mommy, baby，honey, crazy7. 特殊讀法(3) - 固定讀音的單詞 (sight word): is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field 等.它們不遵守前邊的發(fā)音規(guī)則，需要死記硬背。8. 特殊讀法(4) 輔音的特殊讀法

9、l 有一些輔音不發(fā)音 (silent consonants)u u silent b: comb, lambu u silent h: ghostu u silent k: knife, knock, knob, knowu u silent w: write, wrist, wreck l c 和 k 在一起時(shí)，發(fā)一個(gè)音: quick, black等.l q 總是和u在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等. 之所以指出這一點(diǎn), 是在這里u不能再被認(rèn)為是元音, 而是和q一起組成一個(gè)輔音組合.于是, 在quite這個(gè)單詞里只有兩個(gè)元音, 是雙元音單詞, 第一個(gè)元音i發(fā)字母音

10、, 第二個(gè)元音e不發(fā)音.l p和 h在一起, 發(fā)/f/的音: phone, photo.l 復(fù)數(shù)s及末尾s的讀音(plural s and the sounds of ending s)c和g 的兩種讀音:u u 如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后邊, c發(fā)/s/, g發(fā)/j/的音: center, cigar, nice, mice, gem, giant, gym, page.u u 其他情況下, c發(fā)/k/, g發(fā)/g/: can, clap, cup, great, glad, got, goat, log.u u 特殊情況： get, give9. 多音節(jié)單詞和復(fù)合詞 (words with multiple syllables and compound