系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)教學(xué)資料雙語(yǔ)龐磊內(nèi)臟總論消化一

1、Splanchnology And The Alimentary System,Department of Anatomy HUBEI UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE,目的和要求,1掌握胸部標(biāo)志線和腹部的分區(qū) 2. 掌握消化系統(tǒng)的組成 3. 掌握口腔、咽峽的構(gòu)成、牙、舌的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特征， 頦舌肌的位置和作用，唾液腺的位置和開(kāi)口 5掌握咽的位置、分部 6. 掌握食管的分部及狹窄部位,Chapter 4 The General Description,Difinition: means the study of viscera 1. alimentary system 2. respi

2、ratory system 3. urinary system 4. genital system Association: morphology location function origin,內(nèi)臟的共同特點(diǎn) 1. 位置：位于胸腔、腹腔和盆腔內(nèi) 2. 結(jié)構(gòu)：有管道與外界相通 3. 功能：物質(zhì)代謝與繁衍后代 4. 發(fā)生：呼吸、消化系統(tǒng)主要器官來(lái)源于內(nèi)胚層 泌尿、生殖系統(tǒng)主要器官來(lái)源于外胚層,The general structure of viscera,The tubular organ 中空性器官 mucosa submucosa muscular coats serosa/advent

3、itia,The parenchymatous organ 實(shí)質(zhì)性器官 hilum/porta,實(shí)質(zhì)性器官的一般結(jié)構(gòu),1.表面被膜或漿膜 2.被膜深入實(shí)質(zhì)小葉 3.血管神經(jīng)功能型管道出入部位門(mén),kidney,liver,lung,胸部標(biāo)志線 1. Anterior median line 2. Sternal line 3. Midclavicular line 4. Parasternal line 5. Anterior axillary line 6. Posterior axillary line 7. Midaxillary line 8. Scapular line 9. Post

4、erior median line,前正中線,胸骨線,鎖骨中線,胸骨旁線,腋前線,腋后線,腋中線,肩胛線,后正中線,The reference line and abdominal regions,Abdominal regions 腹部的分區(qū),Nine-area method： 兩條橫線 兩條縱線,2.腹部的分區(qū),Quadrants： 一橫線 一垂直,消化系統(tǒng),The Alimentary System,Chapter 5,Composition,Digestive glands消化腺,Superior digestive tube,Inferior digestive tube,Diges

5、tive tube 消化管,Digestive glands消化腺,Major salivary glands大唾液腺 Liver肝 Pancreas胰,Function: ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion,Section 1 The Oral Cavity 口腔,Consists of two parts: 1.Oral vestibule 口腔前庭 between cheeks and lip and teeth 2.Oral cavity proper 固有口腔 within arch of teeth,口腔前庭,固有口腔,插管部位,B

6、oundaries Anterior and lateral: gum and teeth Posterior: isthmus of fauces Roof: palate Floor: tongue, muscles and mucous membrane,口裂 口角 鼻唇溝 人中 牙齦 唇系帶,Oral lips 口唇,Cheek 頰,Papilla of parotid duct 腮腺管乳頭 頰黏膜上的突起， 平對(duì)上頜第二磨牙牙冠， 是腮腺導(dǎo)管的開(kāi)口,Two parts anterior 2/3, formed by the maxilla and palatine bone post

7、erior 1/3， Velum palatinum 腭帆 Uvula 腭垂 Palatoglossal arch 腭舌弓 Palatopharyngeal arch 腭咽弓 isthmus of fauces咽峽,Palate 腭,Hard palate,Soft palate,General features Two sets: Deciduous teeth乳牙 Permanent teeth恒牙 Classification: Incisors 切牙 Canine 尖牙 Premolars 前磨牙 Molars 磨牙,Teeth,恒牙的名稱(chēng),乳牙的名稱(chēng),牙位記錄法,右上區(qū) A,左下區(qū)

8、D,右下區(qū) C,左上區(qū) B,6 5 4 3 2 1,用表示恒切牙恒磨牙 用表示乳切牙乳磨牙,牙位記錄法,牙冠(crown of tooth) 牙頸(neck of tooth) 牙根(root of tooth,一)牙的形態(tài),Teeth,Calcified tissues 牙組織,3. 牙本質(zhì),4. 牙 髓,2. 牙骨質(zhì),Periodontal tissue 牙周組織 牙周膜 牙槽骨 牙齦,Tongue 舌,Morphology Two parts: v-shaped terminal sulcus 界溝 Body of tongue 舌體 Root of tongue 舌根 apex of

9、tongue 舌尖 the foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔,Lingual mucous membrane Papillae of tongue 舌乳頭 Filiform papillae fungiform papillae foliate papillae vallate papillae Lingual tonsil 舌扁桃體 masses of submucosal lymphoid tissue on the root of tongue,contain taste buds,Muscles of tongue舌肌 Intrinsic muscles of t

10、ongue Extrinsic muscles of tongue Genioglossus頦舌肌 Arises from mental spine of mandible and inserts into either side of midline of tongue Action: acting together draw tongue forward and downward; acting along making apex of tongue to opposite side,Major salivary glands,Parotid gland 腮腺 Superficial pa

11、rt Deep part Parotid duct: opposite the upper second molar tooth,Submandibular gland下頜下腺 Position: lies in submandibular triangle Duct opens on to sublingual caruncle,position: situated beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of mouth Ducts Major sublingual gland ductopens onto the sublingual carun

12、cle Minor sublingual ductsopen onto the sublingual fold,Sublingual gland舌下腺,Section two The Pharynx 咽,Location and General features A fibromuscular tube, part of digestive and respiratory systems Extends from base of skull to the inferior border of cricoid cartilage (lower border of C6 level) . Divi

13、sion Three segments,Nasopharynx鼻咽 posterior to nasal cavities Extends from the base of skull to level of soft palate Features Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube咽鼓管咽口 Tubal torus咽鼓管圓枕 Pharyngeal recess咽隱窩 Tubal tonsil咽鼓管扁桃體 Pharyngeal tonsil咽扁桃體,Oropharynx口咽 posterior to oral cavity between soft pal

14、ate and epiglottis Features Median glossoepiglottic fold 舌會(huì)厭正中襞 Epiglottic vallecula會(huì)厭谷 Palatine tonsil腭扁桃體,Lymphatic ring咽淋巴環(huán)consists of pharyngeal tonsil, tubal tonsil, Palatine tonsil, and lingual tonsil, forming a circular band of lymphoid tissue at oropharyngeal isthmus,Laryngopharynx 喉咽 Extend

15、s from upper border of epiglottis to the level of lower border of C6 Piriform recess 梨狀隱窩a deep depression on each side of aperture of larynx,頸部,胸部,腹部,Section 3 The Esophagus食管,General features a muscular tube about 25cm long, connecting the pharynx at level of C6 vertebra, passes through the diaphr

16、agm at level of T11 vertebra and after 12 cm enters the stomach Division: Cervical part Thoracic part Abdominal part,1,2,3,Three constrictions 1. At its beginning, 15cm from incisors, lies at level of C6, is the narrowest part of the esophagus 2. Where it is crossed by left main bronchus, 25cm from incisors, lies