虛擬語氣用法歸納

1、 虛擬語氣用法歸納英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。一、 虛擬條件句條件句有兩類：一類是真實條件句，一類是虛擬條件句如果假設的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實條件句，謂語用陳述語氣。If you dont work hard, you will fail.If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.如果假設的情況過去、現(xiàn)在、將來都不存在，則為虛擬語氣虛擬條件句和對應主句的動詞形式列表：條件從句的謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式與過去事實相反的假設had donew

2、ould/could/might/should have done與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設過去時(waswere)would/could/might/should do與將來事實相反的假設過去時 (waswere ) ; should do;were to dowould/could/might/should do1.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬What would you do if you won the lottery?If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. If I had a lot of money now, I would

3、travel around the world.2.與過去事實相反的虛擬If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen her.If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday.3. 與將來事實相反的虛擬If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, our plan would be put off.If we were to picnic, we would not be a

4、ble to help.二、錯綜、混合虛擬語氣通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真實條件句的虛擬語氣模式，從句和主句的謂語動詞時間是一致的，如果兩者時間不一致，此時就是混合型虛擬語氣?；旌闲吞摂M語氣的使用要求“各自為政”，即從句和主句根據(jù)各自假設的時間不同，采用上面表格中對應的的謂語動詞形式。1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (從句是對過去的假設，主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設)2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleep

5、y now.( 從句是對過去的假設，主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設)3. Had you followed the doctors suggestion, you would be fine now.( 從句是對過去的假設，主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設) 4. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 從句是對過去的假設，主句是對將來的假設)5. You didnt let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldnt be so tired now. (從句是

6、對過去的假設，主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設)6. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weekend. (從句是對現(xiàn)在的假設，主句是對將來的假設)三、含蓄虛擬語氣虛擬語氣中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虛擬語氣。因為有時假設的情況并不是以if引導的條件從句形式出現(xiàn)，而是通過一些短語等形式暗示虛擬語氣的存在，常用的詞語有with, without, but for, otherwise, or，even, in case of, what if(如果將如何)等等，這種句子往往有主句而無從句 (考試時多數(shù)情況是對過去的假設)。But for you

7、r encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university. （過去）Without water, all lives would die. （現(xiàn)在）He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party. （過去）I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off. （過去）四、虛名詞性從句的虛擬語氣含有should +V的用法，這一部分主要是有關建議和命令的相關從句

8、，包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句以及以之相關的形式主語賓語之類的從句。記憶口訣：一個堅持(insist)，兩個命令(order, command)，三個建議(suggest, advise, recommend)，四個要求(ask, require, demand, request)。1. 賓語從句的虛擬語氣 He insisted that the meeting be put off.The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should ) leave.He gives orders that the soldiers (sh

9、ould) leave. 2. 表語從句的虛擬語氣My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.3. 同位語從句的虛擬語氣There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.4. 主語從句的虛擬語氣主要體現(xiàn)在It做形式主語的三種情況： Its +p.p +that ； Its + adj. +that； Its + n. +that常用的動詞recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command常用的形容詞i

10、mportant, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential常用的名詞duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret其實這些詞在句子中其實也有建議命令類似的的意思Its important that you should take the medicine.Its a pity that you should refuse the invitation.Its essential

11、 that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.Its demanded that all the students should go to the playground. It was suggested that he should join the club activities.5. It為形式賓語的情況實際上是上面形式主語的一種變形，是以it為形式賓語的復合賓語從句，it后面的賓語補足語多為形容詞或名詞，常見詞就是上面形式主語后面的那些詞。I consider it vital that he (should) think d

12、eeply before acting.We think it necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.6. 某些詞語如suggest, insist 等有雙重含義，所以在使用的時候要注意什么時候用虛擬語氣，什么時候不用虛擬語氣。Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan.We insisted that what the boy did was wrong. 五虛擬語氣在特殊句式中的運用，主要有兩種情況：I. would rather, Its time, for fear

13、thatwould rather在使用時要注意它的不同用法。因為本身would rather可以直接接動詞原形，構成would rather do sth. (than do sth.else); 或者would do sth. rather than do sth.else.而虛擬語氣的would rather 是這樣使用的would rather sb. did(對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼募僭O)/ had done(對過去的假設)I would rather he didnt go now.They would rather they hadnt attended the party. Its (ab

14、out) (high) time (that)從句中常用過去式(有時也用should do), 含建議的意思。漢語的意思為“是該做的時候了”，也等于Its time for sb. to do sth. Its high time (that) we went home.Its high time that we (should) go home.Its high time for us to go home.for fear that 后面可以接虛擬語氣should do，也可以接其他語氣，但依然會有一個情態(tài)動詞。I will not make a noise for fear that I

15、 should / might disturd you.II. wish+clause; as if/ though+ clause; If only這三種情況的虛擬語氣有點相似。wish后的賓語從句，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，其形式主要有三種wish sb. did(對現(xiàn)在的虛擬); wish sb. had done(對過去的虛擬); wish sb. would do (對將來的虛擬).偶爾在對過去的虛擬時，也會出現(xiàn)wish sb. would have done的情況。I wish I knew what was going to happen.She wished she had sta

16、yed at home.I wish I would have seen her last night.此時要注意表示語氣很強時用How sb. Wish+ clause, 其用法同上。如果要用was依然換成were.How I wish I were a bird.as if/ though出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣主要有兩種情況：主句+as if/ though引導的狀語從句； seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though引導的表語從句。主句+as if/ though引導的狀語從句：主句+as if/ though+主語+did/ were(對現(xiàn)在的假設)；主句+as if/ t

17、hough+主語+could/ would do(對將來的假設)；主句+as if/ though+主語+had done(對過去的假設)seem/ look/ smell等的從句情況基本上和上面一致。 She talks as if she knew everything.He behaved as if nothing had happened.注意不需要用虛擬語氣的情況If only引起的感嘆句要求用虛擬語氣，表示愿望。形式為：用過去式或者would/ could do, 表示與現(xiàn)在或未來事實相反的愿望； 用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反的愿望。If only he were here!I

18、f only you would listen to our advise!If only I had not been busy last week!If only 也可以用于虛擬條件從句中，如：If only I had more money, I could buy a car!六、虛擬語氣測試題I用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.If you _(follow) the doctor, you_(be) all right now.2. If we _(drive) the car by turns, you_(not be) so tired now.3. If I _ (be) you

19、, I _( not miss) that opportunity.4. If they _(start) in the early morning, they _(arrive) soon5.If you _(take) an umbrella, you_(not be) wet now.6. Without water, there _(be) no living things.7. But for your help, we _(not finish) the work.8. The young man insisted that he _(do) nothing wrong and _

20、(set) free.9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _(be) all right now.10. look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I _(follow) your advice.II.單項選擇 。1. If I had enough time, I _ it better next time .A. will doB. have doneC. didD. would do 2. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lh

21、asa instead of flying last summer.A.wasB.had been C.should be D.would be 3. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden .A. hadB. have hadC. will haveD. had had 4. Sorry , I am too busy now . If I _ time , I would certainly go for an outing with you .A. hadB. have hadC. had hadD.

22、 have5. I _ through that bitter period without your generous help .A. wouldnt have goneB. didnt goC. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone6. - He will come tomorrow . - But Id rather he _ the day after tomorrow .A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come7. What would have happened , _ as far as the river bank

23、 ?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walked farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday . I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .A. should have taken B. could have takenC. mustnt have taken D. neednt have taken9. You _ much

24、better now if you had taken the doctors advice .A. would be B. would have been C. will be D. should be 10. _ myself to my study , I would be sitting in a comfortable table office now .A. If I devoted B. Should I devote C. Would I devote D. Had I devoted11. _ it rain tomorrow , we would have to put o

25、ff the visit to Zhonshan Bridge .A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will12. If he _ my advice , he wouldnt have lost his job .A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow13. _ no air or water , there would be no life in the world .A. Were there B. There are C. There was D. Is there14. Its

26、 high time that your daughter _ to school .A. would be sent B. must be sentC. should be sentD. is sent15. It is necessary that these exercise books _ as soon as possible .A. are handed inB. would be handed in C. will be handed in D. be handed in16. Mr.Green requires that the students _ a composition

27、 every other week .A. writeB. writtenC. would write D. will write17. But for the help of my English teacher , I _ the first prize in the English writing composition .A. would not winB. would not have wonC. would winD. would have won18. Brown had intended to take a job in business , but _ that plan after the unpleasant experience in America in 2011.A. had abandonedB. has abandonedC. abandonedD. will abandonIII根據(jù)漢語提示， 用括號中的單詞完成句子。1. 要是他按照醫(yī)生要求的那樣靜靜地躺著， 他現(xiàn)在就不那樣受罪了。If he had lain